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Characterization of tungiasis infection and morbidity using thermography in Kenya revealed higher disease burden during COVID-19 school closures

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 120-121页

作者： lynne elson Abneel K.Matharu Naomi Riithi Paul Ouma Francis Mutebi Hermann Feldmeier Jürgen Krücken Ulrike Fillinger KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Kilifi Kenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Human Health Theme Nairobi Kenya College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Institute of Microbiology Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Background Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea Tunga *** fleas penetrate the skin,particularly at the feet,and cause severe *** study aimed to characterize disease burden in two highly affected regions in Kenya,to test the use of thermography to detect tungiasis-associated inflammation and to create a new two-level classification of disease severity suitable for mapping,targeting,and monitoring *** From February 2020 to April 2021,3532 pupils age 8–14 years were quasi-randomly selected in 35 public primary schools and examined for tungiasis and associated *** the infected pupils,266 were quasi-randomly selected and their households visited,where an additional 1138 family members were *** was assessed using infra-red thermography.A Clinical score was created combining the number of locations on the feet with acute and chronic symptoms and infra-red *** The overall prevalence of tungiasis among all the school pupils who were randomly selected during survey rounds 1 and 3 was 9.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):8.4–10.3].Based on mixed effects logistic models,the odds of infection with tungiasis among school pupils was three times higher in Kwale(coastal Kenya)than in Siaya[western Kenya;adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.36,95%CI:0.18–0.74];three times higher in males than in females(aOR=3.0,95%CI:2.32–3.91)and three times lower among pupils sleeping in a house with a concrete floor(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.24–0.44).The odds of finding an infected person among the household population during surveys before the COVID-19 pandemic was a third(aOR=0.32,95%CI:0.19–0.53)of that when schools were closed due to COVID-19 restrictions and approximately half(aOR=0.44,95%CI:0.29–0.68)in surveys done after school re-opening(round 3).Infection intensity was positively correlated with inflammation as measured by thermography(Spearman’s rho=0.68,P<0.001)and with the clinical score(rho=0

关键词： Tungiasis Neglected tropical diseases Thermography Morbidity Child COVID-19 Kenya

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Boosting efficiency in state estimation of power systems by leveraging attention mechanism

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 438-449页

作者： elson Cibaku Fernando Gama SangWoo Park Industrial Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJUnited States Pendulum Systems DenverCOUnited States

Ensuring stability and reliability in power systems requires accurate state estimation, which is challenging due to the growing network size, noisy measurements, and nonlinear power-flow equations. In this paper, we introduce the Graph Attention Estimation Network (GAEN) model to tackle power system state estimation (PSSE) by capitalizing on the inherent graph structure of power grids. This approach facilitates efficient information exchange among interconnected buses, yielding a distributed, computationally efficient architecture that is also resilient to cyber-attacks. We develop a thorough approach by utilizing Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNNs) and attention mechanism in PSSE based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) measurements, addressing the limitations of previous learning architectures. In accordance with the empirical results obtained from the experiments, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance and scalability compared to existing techniques. Furthermore, the amalgamation of local topological configurations with nodal-level data yields a heightened efficacy in the domain of state estimation. This work marks a significant achievement in the design of advanced learning architectures in PSSE, contributing and fostering the development of more reliable and secure power system operations.

关键词： Power grids State estimation Attention mechanism Graph neural networks Distributed computation Grid cyber-security

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Neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children with tungiasis:a cross-sectional study in rural Kenya and Uganda

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 98-98页

作者： Berrick Otieno lynne elson Abneel K.Matharu Naomi Riithi Esther Chongwo Khamis Katana Carophine Nasambu Francis Mutebi Herman Feldmeier Jürgen Krücken Ulrike Fillinger Amina Abubakar Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme Hospital Road Kilifi Kenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIE) Human Health Theme Nairobi Kenya Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Institute for Human Development Aga Khan University Nairobi Kenya School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany

Background Tungiasis,a neglected tropical parasitosis,disproportionately afects *** empirical studies have reported neurocognitive and mental health outcomes of children with ectoparasitic skin diseases like *** of tungiasis suggests it could detrimentally afect cognition and *** study pioneered the investigation of neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children with *** This was a multi-site cross-sectional study including 454 quasi-randomly sampled school-children aged 8-14 from 48 randomly selected schools in two counties in Kenya and a district in *** participants were stratifed into infected and uninfected based on the presence of *** infected were further classifed into mild and severe infection groups based on the intensity of the ***,validated,and standardized measures of cognition and mental health such as Raven Matrices and Child Behaviour Checklist were used to collect *** tests including a multilevel,generalized mixed-efects linear models with family link set to identity were used to compare the scores of uninfected and infected children and to identify other potential risk factors for neurocognitive and behavioural *** When adjusted for covariates,mild infection was associated with lower scores in literacy[adjustedβ(aβ)=−8.9;95%confdence interval(CI)−17.2,−0.6],language(aβ=−1.7;95%CI−3.2,−0.3),cognitive fexibility(aβ=−6.1;95%CI−10.4,−1.7)and working memory(aβ=−0.3;95%CI−0.6,−0.1).Severe infection was associated with lower scores in literacy(aβ=−11.0;95%CI−19.3,−2.8),response inhibition,(aβ=−2.2;95%CI−4.2,−0.2),fne motor control(aβ=−0.7;95%CI−1.1,−0.4)and numeracy(aβ=−3;95%CI−5.5,−0.4).Conclusions This study provides frst evidence that tungiasis is associated with poor neurocognitive functioning in *** tungiasis is a chronic disease with frequent reinfections,such negative efects may potentially impair their development and l

关键词： Tungiasis Tunga penetrans Neglected tropical disease Neurocognition Mental health School-aged children Africa

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National prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 97-97页

作者： lynne elson Christopher Kamau Sammy Koech Christopher Muthama George Gachomba Erastus Sinoti Elwyn Chondo Eliud Mburu Miriam Wakio Jimmy Lore Marta Maia Ifedayo Adetifa Benedict Orindi Phillip Bejon Ulrike Fillinger Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Kilifi Kenya Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Health Muranga Kenya Department of Health Kericho Kenya Department of Health Makueni Kenya Department of Health Nakuru Kenya Department of Health Samburu Kenya Department of Health Kilifi Kenya Department of Health Kajiado Kenya Department of Health Taita Taveta Kenya Department of Health Turkana Kenya London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe) Nairobi Kenya

Background Tungiasis is a highly neglected tropical skin disease caused by the sand flea,Tunga penetrans,the female of which burrows into the skin,causing pain and *** disease occurs throughout South America and sub-Saharan Africa but there are few systematic data on national disease *** tungiasis research community is keen to develop survey methods to fill this *** we used a school-based,thorough examination method to determine the prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in *** We conducted the first nationally representative survey of tungiasis,including nine counties covering the major ecological zones of Kenya.A stratified multistage random sampling was used to select 22 primary schools from each of the nine counties and to select up to 114 pupils aged 8 to 14 years in each *** were examined thoroughly for *** surveys were conducted,the first between May and July 2021 and the second between October 2021 and April 2023 when pupils were also interviewed for risk *** effect logistic regression models were used to test associations of independent variables with tungiasis using the school as a random *** The overall prevalence of tungiasis in the first survey was 1.35%[95%confidence interval(CI):1.15-1.59%],and 0.89%in the second *** prevalence ranged from 0.08%(95%CI:0.01-0.59%)in Taita Taveta county to 3.24%(95%CI:2.35-4.44%)in Kajiado *** infection was associated with county of residence,male sex[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.01,95%CI:1.52-2.67],and lower age(aOR=0.81,95%CI:0.75-0.88).For the first time we demonstrate an association with attending public schools rather than private schools(aOR=5.62,95%CI:1.20-26.22)and lower socioeconomic status(aOR=0.10,95%CI:0.03-0.33).Using a rapid screening method of the top of feet only,would have missed 62.9%of all cases,78.9%of mild cases and 20.0%of severe *** Tungiasis is widely but heterogeneously distributed across K

关键词： Tungiasis Neglected tropical diseases Prevalence Disease burden Kenya

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Mitochondrial DNA as a Risk Factor for False Positives in Case-Control Association Studies

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第4期42卷 169-172页

作者： Antonio Salas Joanna L.elson Unidade de Xenética Instituto de Medicina Legaland Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias ForensesFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Santiago de CompostelaGalicia 15782Spain Mitochondrial Research Group Institute of Genetic MedicineCentre for LifeNewcastle University Centre for Human Metabolomics North-West University

During the last decade, hundreds of studies have been pub- lished examining whether significant associations exist be- tween mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） variants and/or haplogroups （clades） and particular diseases （generally com- mon/complex diseases）（Fig. 1）. However, several authors have gathered evidence indicating a high incidence of false positive findings in mtDNA case-control association studies. Raule et al. （2007） and Herrnstadt and Howell （2004） showed various problems affecting mtDNA case-control association studies. Salas et al.

关键词： DNA Mitochondrial DNA as a Risk Factor for False Positives in Case-Control Association Studies

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Metabolic regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2014年第3期28卷 157-168页

作者： Hilla Knobler Ari elson Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit Kaplan Medical Center Department of Molecular Genetics the Weizmann Institute of Science

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome and their associated morbidities are major public health issues, whose prevalence will continue to increase in the foreseeable future. Aberrant signaling by the receptors for leptin and insulin plays a pivotal role in development of the metabolic syndrome. More complete molecular-level understanding of how both of these key signaling pathways are regulated is essential for full characterization of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type lI diabetes, and for developing novel treatments for these diseases. Phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues plays a key role in mediating the effects of leptin and insulin on their target cells. Here, we discuss the molecular methods by which protein tyrosine phosphatases, which are key physiological regulators of protein phosphorylation in vivo, affect signaling by the leptin and insulin receptors in their major target tissues.

关键词： obesity diabetes metabolic syndrome insulin resistance leptin resistance tyrosine phosphatase PTP

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Characterization of partial melting events in garnet-cordierite gneiss from the Kerala Khondalite Belt,India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 597-611页

作者： Nilanjana Sorcar Kumar Batuk Joshi elson POliveira JKTomson VNandakumar ESSO–National Centre For Earth Science Studies ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia Department of Geology Institute of GeosciencesUniversity of CampinasBrazil

Phase equilibria modelling coupled with U–Pb zircon and monazite ages of garnet–cordierite gneiss from Vallikodu Kottayam in the Kerala Khondalite Belt,southern India are presented *** results suggest that the area attained peak P–T conditions of^900C at 7.5–8 kbar,followed by decompression to 3.5–5 kbar and cooling to 450–480C,preserving signatures of the partial melting event in the field of high to ultra-high temperature *** reintegration models suggest that up to 35%granitic melt could have been produced during metamorphism at^950*** U–Pb age data from zircons(~1.0–~0.7 Ga)and chemical ages from monazites(~540 Ma and^941 Ma)reflect a complex tectonometamorphic evolution of the ***^941 Ma age reported from these monazites indicate a Tonian ultra-high temperature event,linked to juvenile magmatism/deformation episodes reported from the Southern Granulite Terrane and associated fragments in Rodinia,which were subsequently overprinted by the Cambrian(~540 Ma)tectonothermal episode.

关键词： Kerala khondalite belt(KKB) Garnet-cordierite gneiss Partial melting Pseudosection Monazite-zircon geochronology

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Evolution of the 3.65-2.58 Ga Mairi Gneiss Complex,Brazil:Implications for growth of the continental crust in the São Francisco Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第5期13卷 110-128页

作者： Igor de Camargo Moreira elson Paiva Oliveira Daniel Francisco Martins de Sousa Institute of Geosciences University of Campinas(UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil

The composition and formation of the Earth’s primitive continental crust and mantle differentiation are key issues to understand and reconstruct the geodynamic terrestrial evolution,especially during the ***,the scarcity of exposure to these rocks,the complexity of lithological relationships,and the high degree of superimposed deformation,especially with long-lived magmatism,make it difficult to study ancient *** this complexity,exposures of the Archean Mairi Gneiss Complex basement unit in the São Francisco Craton offer important information about the evolution of South America’s primitive ***,here we present field relationships,LA-ICP-SFMS zircon U-Pb ages,and LA-ICP-MCMS Lu-Hf isotope data for the recently identified Eoarchean to Neoarchean gneisses of the Mairi *** Complex is composed of massive and banded gneisses with mafic members ranging from dioritic to tonalitic,and felsic members ranging from TTG(Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite)to granitic *** new data point to several magmatic episodes in the formation of the Mairi Gneiss Complex:Eoarchean(ca.3.65–3.60 Ga),early Paleoarchean(ca.3.55–3.52 Ga),middle-late Paleoarchean(ca.3.49–3.33 Ga)and Neoarchean(ca.2.74–2.58 Ga),with no records of Mesoarchean ***-Hf data unveiled a progressive evolution of mantle differentiation and crustal recycling over *** the Eoarchean,rocks are probably formed by the interaction between the pre-existing crust and juvenile contribution from chondritic to weakly depleted mantle sources,whereas mantle depletion played a role in the Paleoarchean,followed by greater differentiation of the crust with thickening and recycling in the middle–late Paleoarchean.A different stage of crustal growth and recycling dominated the Neoarchean,probably owing to the thickening of the continental crust by collision,continental arc growth,and mantle differentiation.

关键词： São Francisco Craton Mairi Gneiss Complex Primitive continental crust Zircon U-Pb dating Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry

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Conversion surgery for gastric cancer patients:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第11期10卷 398-409页

作者： Tommaso Zurleni elson Gjoni Michele Altomare Stefano Rausei Department of Surgery ASST Valle OlonaBusto Arsizio 21052Italy Department of Surgery ASST Valle OlonaGallarate.21013Italy

Gastric cancer(GC) is the third most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. In locally advanced tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has recently been introduced in most international Western guidelines. For metastatic and unresectable disease, there is still debate regarding correct management and the role of surgery. The standard approach for stage IV GC is palliative chemotherapy. Over the last decade, an increasing number of M1 patients who responded to palliative regimens of induction chemotherapy have been subsequently undergone surgery with curative intent. The objective of the present review is to analyze the literature regarding this approach, known as "conversion surgery", which has become one of the most commonly adopted therapeutic options. It is defined as a treat-ment aiming at an R0 resection after chemotherapy in initially unresectable tumors. The 13 retrospective studies analyzed, with a total of 411 patients treated with conversion therapy, clearly show that even if standardization of unresectable and metastatic criteria, post-chemotherapy resectability evaluation and timing of surgery has not yet been established, an R0 surgery after induction chemotherapy with partial or complete response seems to offer superior survival results than chemotherapy alone. Additional larger sample-size randomized control trials are needed to identify subgroups of well-stratified patients who could benefit from this multimodal approach.

关键词： Metastatic gastric cancer Gastric cancer Conversion surgery R0 resection Stage IV gastric cancer Palliative chemotherapy Unresectable gastric cancer

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Characterization and electrochemical performance of CeO2 and Eu-doped CeO2 films as a manganese redox flow battery component

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第10期36卷 1074-1083页

作者： Monica A.Rodrigues Ariadne C.Catto elson Longo Edson Nossol Renata C.Lima Institute of Chemistry.Federal University of Uberlandia 38400-902UberlandiaMGBrazil Institute of Chemistry Sao Paulo State UniversityP.O.Box 35514801-907Araraquara.SPBrazil LIEC Department of ChemistryFederal University of Sao Carlos13565-905Sao CarlosSPBrazil

Hexagonal CeO2 and Eu-doped CeO2 nanoparticles were obtained using a facile microwave-hydro thermal method under mild conditions and their application towards manganese redox flow battery component were studied. The structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction and indicate that samples present a fluorite structure. Raman spectroscopy shows Eu3＋ ions substitute Ce4＋ and generate oxygen vacancies. Electrochemical properties of pure and Eu-doped CeO2 films deposited at graphite substrates investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge indicate that dopant concentration affects the electrochemical properties of CeO2. The increase in the reversibility redox of electrochemical systems observed is attributed to coexistence of Ce4＋/Ce3＋ redox couple confirmed by ***-discharge tests display coulombic and voltage efficiency values of above 80% and 90%, respectively. The obtained specific capacity for Ce（0.99）Eu（0.01）O2（372.49 mAh/g） and pure oxide（334.84 mAh/g）indicates that both samples are promising for application in Mn-batteries.

关键词： Cerium oxide Europium Nanoparticles Electrochemical properties Batteries Rare earths

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