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Preventing pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections with probiotics: A metaanalysis

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2013年第3期1卷 102-120页

作者： lynne v mc farland Shan Goh Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98101 United States Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology Royal Veterinary College Hawkshead Lane Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA United Kingdom

AIM： To assess the effcacy and safety of probiotics for preventing pediatric：（1） antibiotic associated diarrhea and （2） Clostridium diffcile （C. diffcile） ***： On June 3, 2013, we searched PubMed （1960-2013）, EMBASE （1974-2013）, Cochrane Da-tabase of Systematic Reviews （1990-2013）, CINAHL （1981-2013）, AMED （1985-2013）, and ISI Web of Science （2000-2013）. Additionally, we conducted an extensive grey literature search including contact with National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry, abstracts from annual infectious disease and gastroen-terology meetings, experts in the feld and correspondence with authors. The primary outcomes were the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea （AAD） and C. difficile infections （CDI）. Dichotomous outcomes （e.g. , incidence of AAD or CDI） were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate the relative risk and corresponding 95% confidence interval （95%CI） and weighted on study quality. To explore possible explanations for heterogeneity, a priori subgroup analysis were conducted on probiotic strain type, daily dose, quality of study and safety of probiotics. The overall quality of the evidence supporting each outcome was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation ***： A total of 1329 studies were identifed with 22 trials （23 treatment arms and 4155 participants） meeting eligibility requirements for our review of prevention of AAD and 5 trials （1211 participants） for the prevention of CDI. Trials in adult populations, trials of uncertain antibiotic exposure or studies which did not provide incidence of AAD were excluded. We found 12 trials testing a single strain of probiotic and 10 trials testing a mixture of probiotic strains. Probiotics （all strains combined） signifcantly reduced the incidence of pediatric AAD （pooled RR = 0.42, 95%CI： 0.33-0.53） and significantly reduced pediatric CDI （pooled RR = 0.35, 95%CI： 0.13-0.92）. Of the two strains wi

关键词： Probiotics Pediatric Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Clostridium diffcile Saccharomyces boulardii Lactobacillus rhamnosus Safety Meta-analysis Randomized clinical trials

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Comparison of pediatric and adult antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3078-3104页

作者： lynne vernice mc farland Metehan Ozen Ener Cagri Dinleyici Shan Goh Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of PharmacyUniversity of Washington Faculty of Medicine Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseaseatakent acibadem University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Department of PediatricsPediatric Intensive Care UnitEskisehir Osmangazi University Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology Royal Veterinary College

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD) and Clostridum difficile infections(CDI) have been well studied for adult cases, but not as well in the pediatric population. Whether the disease process or response to treatments differs between pediatric and adult patients is an important clinical concern when following global guidelines based largely on adult patients. A systematic review of the literature using databases Pub Med(June 3, 1978-2015) was conducted to compare AAD and CDI in pediatric and adult populations and determine significant differences and similarities that might impact clinical decisions. In general, pediatric AAD and CDI have a more rapid onset of symptoms, a shorter duration of disease and fewer CDI complications(required surgeries and extended hospitalizations) than in adults. Children experience more community-associated CDI and are associated with smaller outbreaks than adult cases of CDI. The ribotype NAP1/027/BI is more common in adults than children. Children and adults share some similar risk factors, but adults have more complex risk factor profiles associated with more co-morbidities, types of disruptive factors and a wider range of exposures to C. difficile in the healthcare environment. The treatment of pediatric and adult AAD is similar(discontinuing or switching the inciting antibiotic), but other treatment strategies for AAD have not been established. Pediatric CDI responds better to metronidazole, while adult CDI responds better to vancomycin. Recurrent CDI is not commonly reported for children. Prevention for both pediatric and adult AAD and CDI relies upon integrated infection control programs, antibiotic stewardship and may include the use of adjunctive probiotics. Clinical presentation of pediatric AAD and CDI are different than adult AAD and CDI symptoms. These differences should be taken into account when rating severity of disease and prescribing antibiotics.

关键词： Antibiotics Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Clostridum difficile infections Adults Pediatrics Diarrhea Risk factors Treatments Prevention

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Prosthetic design of reverse shoulder arthroplasty contributes to scapular notching and instability

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第11期7卷 738-745页

作者： Gazi Huri Filippo Familiari Nima Salari Steve A Petersen Mahmut Nedim Doral Edward G mc farland Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery Hacettepe University Medical School Division of Shoulder Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgerythe Johns Hopkins University

AIM To evaluate whether implant design, glenoid positioning, and other factors influenced instability and scapular notching in reverse total shoulder *** We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who had undergone reverse total shoulder arthroplasty by the senior author from July 2004 through October 2011 and who had at least 24 mo of follow-up. The 58 patients who met the criteria had 65 arthroplasties: 18 with a Grammont-type prosthesis(Grammont group) and 47 with a lateral-based prosthesis(lateral-design group). We compared the groups by rates of scapular notching and instability and by radiographic markers of glenoid position and tilt. We also compared glenoid sphere sizes and the number of subscapularis tendon repairs between the groups. Rates were compared using the Fisher exact test. Notching severity distribution was compared using the χ2 test of association. Significance was set at P ve of scapular notching or instability, independent of implantdesign. With the lateral-based prosthesis, each degree of inferior tilt of the baseplate was associated with a 7.3% reduction in the odds of developing notching(odds ratio 0.937, 95%CI: 0.894-0.983). CONCLUSION The lateral-based prosthesis was associated with less instability and notching compared with the Grammonttype prosthesis. Prosthesis design appears to be more important than glenoid positioning.

关键词： Arthroplasty Reverse Instability Scapular notching Shoulder

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Prognostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:Review and bibliometric

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iLIvER 2024年第1期3卷 52-61页

作者： Pamela Scarlett Espinoza Loyola Diana Laura Muratalla Bautista Karen Adela Hernández Bautista Elizabeth Gil White JoséAntonio González Moreno Daniel Angel Torres del Real víctor Manuel Páez Zayas Carla Escorza-Molina Fernando Mondragón Rodríguez Omar vásquez Gómez Luis Jorge Fernández López Paul Santiago Mogrovejo vázquez Isidoro Aczel Sánchez-Cedillo víctor Jose visag Castillo Social Service Internship Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City 04510Mexico Social Service Internship Universidad AnahuacMexico City 04510Mexico Department of Surgery Division of Transplantation Surgery Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Departament of Gastroenterology Division of HepatologyHospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Departmanet of Anesthesiology Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common cancers in the world and is one of the leading indications for liver transplantation,liver transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end stage liver *** is based up on radiological characteristics and rarely biopsy *** treatment must be individualized to each patient to improve recurrences and *** this article,we focus on the different selection criteria for liver *** study aimed to investigate the distribution laws and research frontiers of international literature,so as to present holistic bibliometric evaluation of the studies on 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence in 5 years,according to hepatocarcinoma criteria for liver *** paper aims to review and analyze 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence based on hepatocarcinoma criteria for liver *** systematically examines and summarizes distribution characteristics and research frontiers through bibliometric analysis.A bibliographic search was implemented in PubMed/Medline,Clinical Key,Science Direct and Index Medicus with MESH terms,from the year 1996–*** selected for transplantation using the Metroticket 2.0(MT2)criteria had the highest overall survival along with patients selected for transplantation using the Milan Criteria had the best 5-year disease-free *** Metroticket 2.0 criteria(MT2)and Milan Criteria(mc)have shown the most favorable post-transplant outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,mc demonstrated the best 5-year disease-free recurrence rate,underscoring the significance of taking into account tumor morphology and biology when determining the eligibility of HCC patients for liver *** distribution characteristics and research frontiers by bibliometrics concerning prognostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma the collaboration

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Survival Criteria Recurrence Bibliometrics

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A micromechanical model for efective conductivity in granular electrode structures

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第5期29卷 682-698页

作者： Julia Ott Benjamin vlker Yixiang Gan Robert M.mc Meeking Marc Kamlah Institute of Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 Karlsruhe Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106 USA School of Civil Engineering The University of SydneyNSW 2006 Australia Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106 USA School of Engineering University of AberdeenKing’s CollegeAberdeenAB24 3UE Scotland UK INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D22 66123 Saarbrücken Germany

Optimization of composition and microstructure is important to enhance performance of solid oxide fuel cells （SOFC） and lithium-ion batteries （LIB）. For this, the porous electrode structures of both SOFC and LIB are modeled as a binary mixture of electronic and ionic conducting particles to estimate effective transport properties. Particle packings of 10000 spherical, binary sized and randomly positioned particles are created numerically and densified considering the different manufacturing processes in SOFC and LIB： the sintering of SOFC electrodes is approximated geometrically, whereas the calendering process and volume change due to intercalation in LIB are modeled physically by a discrete el- ement approach. A combination of a tracking algorithm and a resistor network approach is developed to predict the con- nectivity and effective conductivity for the various densified structures. For SOFC, a systematic study of the influence of morphology on connectivity and conductivity is performed on a large number of assemblies with different compositions and particle size ratios between 1 and 10. In comparison to percolation theory, an enlarged percolation area is found, es- pecially for large size ratios. It is shown that in contrast to former studies the percolation threshold correlates to varying coordination numbers. The effective conductivity shows not only an increase with volume fraction as expected but also with size ratio. For LIB, a general increase of conductivity during the intercalation process was observed in correlation with increasing contact forces. The positive influence of cal- endering on the percolation threshold and the effective conductivity of carbon black is shown. The anisotropy caused by the calendering process does not influence the carbon black phase.

关键词： Granular electrode structures Effective conductivity - Percolation

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考虑过阻尼模态参与的改进复模态叠加法

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2023年第3期39卷 213-224页

作者：陈勇 Donald M.mc.farland Billie F.Spencer,Jr Lawrence A.Bergman 浙江大学建筑工程学院杭州310027 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana 61801USA Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana 61801USA 浙江工业大学机械工程学院杭州310014

为处理非比例阻尼系统可能出现的过阻尼模态,提出了一种改进的复模态叠加强迫振动分析方法,建议无论模态是否过阻尼,复模态振动分析时应成对使用复模态.以一个连接任意布置外部阻尼器的悬臂梁典型非比例阻尼系统为例,其第1阶模态会随阻... 详细信息

为处理非比例阻尼系统可能出现的过阻尼模态,提出了一种改进的复模态叠加强迫振动分析方法,建议无论模态是否过阻尼,复模态振动分析时应成对使用复模态.以一个连接任意布置外部阻尼器的悬臂梁典型非比例阻尼系统为例,其第1阶模态会随阻尼系数的增加而过阻尼.在厘清复模态响应与实际动力响应关系的基础上阐述了采用改进复模态叠加法获得时域响应、传递函数和方差的完整理论方法.将方程分为实部和虚部,使得原复数域运动方程成为基于实数矩阵的增广状态空间方程,从而克服了采用复数矩阵计算时变响应的困难.此外,针对基于白噪声滤波的外部激励,提出了一种高效方差响应评估方法,降低了计算资源消耗.结果表明,相较于假设模态法,复模态叠加法的结果更接近于有限元结果.基于遍历法研究最优阻尼器参数和位置时,采用多个小阻尼阻尼器优于单个大阻尼阻尼器.

关键词：非经典阻尼系统连续系统强迫振动复模态叠加法过阻尼模态动力响应

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Geochemistry and mineralogy of beach sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico,Tamaulipas state,Mexico:implication for provenance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 375-400页

作者： Mayank Shukla Sanjeet K.verma Mayla A.Ramos-vázquez John S.Armstrong-Altrin Karla R.Hernández-Martínez Sumit Mishra vivek P.Malviya Héctor Hernández-Mendoza Posgrado de la Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San José2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San Jose 2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUnidad de ProcesosOceanicos y CosterosCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de México 04510Mexico Department of Marine Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620024Tamil NaduIndia Instituto de Geociencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MéxicoBoulevard Juriquilla 300176230JuriquillaQueretaroMexico Department of Applied Geology Dr.Harisingh Gour Central UniversitySagar470002Madhya PradeshIndia Instituto de Investigacion de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autònoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200CP 78377San LuisS.L.P.Mexico Universidad del Centro de Mexico Capitán Caldera 75CP 78250San LuisS.L.P.Mexico

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were performed in the La Pesca(LP)and Tesoro Altamira(TA)beach sediments,located in the Tamaulipas state,northern Gulf of *** main aim of this study is to infer the weathering history and provenance and to discriminate the tectonic environment of the beach *** sediments are composed of quartz with small amounts of accessory minerals such as plagioclase,calcite,orthoclase,microcline,and *** beach sediments are classified as fine-grained and very well sorted,however LP has coarse skewed and leptokurtic sediments,whereas TA has fine-skewed and very leptokurtic *** chemical index of weathering(CIW’)indicates intense weathering in the source *** quartz grain microtextures in the LP and TA are classified into mechanical,chemical,and mechanical/chemical *** features such as fractures,pits,percussion marks,abrasion fatigue,and v-shaped marks favor high-energy littoral,fluvial,subaqueous-marine,and aeolian *** chemical features indicate solution pits and crystalline overgrowth,which suggests a silica saturated marine *** mechanical/chemical features display adhering particles and elongated depressions suggest formation in a sub-aqueous nearshore marine *** and trace elements-based provenance discrimination diagrams indicate a felsic source derived from the Mesa Central(mc),Sierra Madre Oriental(SMOr)and Oaxaquia *** major and trace element concentrations imply a passive margin setting for the northern Gulf of Mexico,which is consistent with the general geology.

关键词： Beach sediments Geochemistry Mineralogy Provenance Tamaulipas Tectonic setting

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含v型贯穿裂缝矩形薄板的模态局部化研究

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噪声与振动控制 2020年第3期40卷 57-63页

作者：黄天明 D.Michael mc farland 卢奂采浙江工业大学机械工程学院杭州310014

以含v型贯穿裂缝的矩形薄板为研究对象,利用区域分解法结合改进的傅里叶级数,提出一种弹性边界条件下板自由振动的计算方法,并针对v型贯穿裂缝引起的模态局部化展开讨论。首先根据裂缝的特征,矩形板被分解为若干个矩形子域和三角形子域... 详细信息

以含v型贯穿裂缝的矩形薄板为研究对象,利用区域分解法结合改进的傅里叶级数,提出一种弹性边界条件下板自由振动的计算方法,并针对v型贯穿裂缝引起的模态局部化展开讨论。首先根据裂缝的特征,矩形板被分解为若干个矩形子域和三角形子域的组合,选取两类改进的傅里叶级数分别作为这两类子域的横振动位移函数。然后利用Rayleigh-Ritz法建立求解方程的矩阵表达式,通过求解其特征值和特征向量得到固有频率和振型。最后对不同参数的裂缝对固有频率和模态局部化的影响进行讨论。结果表明,裂缝越长、夹角越小、边界约束越强时,板的固有频率和振型受影响越大,也越容易出现模态局部化现象。

关键词：振动与波模态局部化矩形薄板裂缝弹性边界条件自由振动

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收集大粒子的大容量预分离器

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环境科学与管理 1981年第11期 145-151页

作者： Andrew R.mc farland 李爱真韩仲琪

由于粒子重新气溶胶化的问题,使沉积在经典的惯性撞击器每一节上的量只有几毫克。因此,在用该种撞击器采集烟道样品的时候,尤其是在采集控制设备的上游样品时,必须把采样时间限制得非常短暂。大容量预分离器就是为解决上述问题而设计的... 详细信息

由于粒子重新气溶胶化的问题,使沉积在经典的惯性撞击器每一节上的量只有几毫克。因此,在用该种撞击器采集烟道样品的时候,尤其是在采集控制设备的上游样品时,必须把采样时间限制得非常短暂。大容量预分离器就是为解决上述问题而设计的一种装置,现已用单分散气溶胶和干尘对这种装置进行了检验。检验结果是,在流速为14.2升/分(0.5cfm)时,临界空气动力学直径是10.8μm,其相应的Stokes数是0.115;用Detroit Edison飞灰进行检验,结果类同;即,其动力学粒径为11.2μm。在该装置所收集的飞灰粒子中,大于15μm的气溶胶粒子有92.5％是予分离器收集的。

关键词：过滤器惯性撞击器分离设备大气微粒分散体系气溶胶

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Socio-economic status and lifestyle factors are associated with achalasia risk: A population-based case-control study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第15期22卷 4002-4008页

作者： Helen G Coleman Ronan T Gray Kar W Lau Conall mc Caughey Peter v Coyle Liam J Murray Brian T Johnston Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast Regional virus Laboratory Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Department of Gastroenterology Royal Victoria HospitalBelfast

AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia ***: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sexmatched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia(OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45), inferring that high-class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked to upper socioeconomic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.99). Smoking and alcohol consumption carried significantly reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia(OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.17-3.42). Nochildhood household factors were associated with achalasia ***: Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk suggests an interaction between endotoxin and viral infection exposure in achalasia aetiology.

关键词： Achalasia Risk factors Epidemiology Lifestyle Socio-economic status

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