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Systematic review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients

2006年

作者： Roy Leventhal lynne green

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第18期16卷 2202-2222页

作者： lynne V McFarland Department of Health Services Research and Development Puget Sound Veterans Administration Healthcare System Department of Medicinal Chemistry Box 357610School of PharmacyUniversity of Washington

This article reviews the evidence for efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii(***) for various disease indications in adults based on the peerreviewed,randomized clinical trials and pre-clinical studies from the published medical literature(Medline,Clinical Trial websites and meeting abstracts) between 1976 and *** meta-analysis,only randomized,blinded controlled trials unrestricted by language were ***-clinical studies,volunteer studies and uncontrolled studies were excluded from the review of efficacy and meta-analysis,but included in the systematic *** 31 randomized,placebo-controlled treatment arms in 27 trials(encompassing 5029 study patients),*** was found to be significantly efficacious and safe in 84% of those treatment arms.A meta-analysis found a significant therapeutic efficacy for *** in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD)(RR = 0.47,95% CI:0.35-0.63,P < 0.001).In adults,*** can be strongly recommended for the prevention of AAD and the traveler's *** trials also support the use of this yeast probiotic for prevention of enteral nutrition-related diarrhea and reduction of Heliobacter pylori treatment-related *** shows promise for the prevention of *** disease recurrences;treatment of irritable bowel syndrome,acute adult diarrhea,Crohn's disease,giardiasis,human immunodeficiency virus-related diarrhea;but more supporting evidence is recommended for these *** use of *** as a therapeutic probiotic is evidence-based for both efficacy and safety for several types of diarrhea.

关键词： Probiotic Diarrhea Saccharomyces boulardii Adult patients Meta-analysis

Application of computed tomography in paleoanthropological research

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第8期19卷 913-921页

作者： lynne A. Schepartz Department of Anthropology Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-7772 USA

Hominin fossils are the most important materials for exploring questions about human origins and evolution. Because human fossils are very rare, it is impossible to use highly destructive techniques in order to study their morphology. Traditional analyses can only rely on the information gained from the study of the external morphology of specimens, and these approaches limited the study of human evolution. The application of computed tomography (CT) has facilitated major developments in paleoanthropology. To date, few studies on Chinese hominin fossils have used CT scanning methodology, but this is rapidly changing. In order to better understand the application of CT methodology in paleoanthropology, we review the applications of CT scanning on hominin fossils throughout the world. Studies examined include virtual fossil reconstruction, the use of endocasts to elucidate brain morphology, biomechanical analyses of bone distribution, imaging of mummies and research on early human health, and skeletal and dental microanatomical research.

关键词： Paleoanthropology Hominin fossil CT 3D reconstruction Virtual anatomy

Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2650-2661页

作者： lynne V McFarland Sascha Dublin Department of Health Services Research and Development Group Health Center for Health Studies

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a chronic condition affecting 3%-25% of the general population. As no curative treatment is available, therapy is aimed at reducing symptoms, often with little success. Because alteration of the normal intestinal microflora has been observed in IBS, probiotics （beneficial microbes taken to improve health） may be useful in reducing symptoms. This paper systematically reviews randomized, controlled, blinded bials of probiotics for the treatment of IBS and synthesizes data on efficacy across trials of adequate quality. Pubr4ed, Medline, Google Scholar, NIH registry of clinical trials, metaRegister, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1982-2007. We also conducted secondary searches of reference lists, reviews, commentaries, relevant articles on associated diseases, books and meeting abstracts. Twenty trials with 23 probiotic treatment arms and a total of 1404 subjects met inclusion criteria. Probiotic use was associated with improvement in global IBS symptoms compared to placebo [pooled relative risk （RRpooled） 0.77, 95% confidence interval （95% CI） 0.62-0.94]. Probiotics were also associated with less abdominal pain compared to placebo [RRpooled = 0.78 （0.69-0.88）]. Too few studies reported data on other IBS symptoms or on specific probiotic strains to allow estimation of a pooled RR. While our analyses suggest that probiotic use may be associated with improvement in IBS symptoms compared to placebo, these results should be interpreted with caution, given the methodological limitations of contributing studies. Probiotics warrant further study as a potential therapy for IBS.

关键词： Probiotics Meta-analysis Irritable bowel syndrome

State-of-the-art of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease research in 2008

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2625-2629页

作者： lynne V McFarland Department of Health Services Research and Development

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two of the leading causes of chronic intestinal conditions in the world. This issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG ) presents a series of papers from world experts who discuss the current knowledge and opinions on these important conditions. Although great strides have been made in the diagnosis, treatment and pathology of IBS and IBD; much has yet to be explained. The etiologies and risk factors of these multifactorial conditions remain elusive. Specific diagnostic biomarkers need to be developed and safer treatments developed. The burden of IBS and IBD on the healthcare system is felt with repeated medical care visits and high costs. IBS and IBD patients can account for 30%-50% of office visits at gastroenterology services/clinics. Over one million people have IBD in the United States, with 30 000 new cases being diagnosed every year. One-quarter million people in the UK are afflicted with IBD. The cost of medical care in the United States for IBD is estimated to be $1.8 billion/year.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease

Achieving Equity and Quality in Japanese Elementary Schools:Balancing the Roles of State,Teachers,and Students

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Frontiers of Education in China 2016年第3期11卷 272-298页

作者： lynne PARMENTER Graduate School of Education Nazarbayev UniversityAstana 010000Kazakhstan

The aim of this paper is to explore perspectives on equity,quality,motivation,and resilience by focusing in depth on the perspectives of educators in one small,semi-rural school in *** paper is intended to provide rich,in-depth data and discussion as a way of providing insights from different perspectives into findings from large-scale international *** two key questions addressed in the paper are,(1)How are equity and quality achieved and maintained in Japanese elementary schools?and(2)How are student motivation and resilience perceived and fostered in Japanese elementary schools?These questions are addressed through analysis of key official documents related to the questions,together with analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with education professionals working in an elementary *** paper will contribute to understanding the perspectives of teachers in a particular school context in Japan on the roles of state,teachers,and children themselves in the task of achieving and maintaining equity and quality in a high performing education system.

关键词： education quality elementary school equity Japan teacher perspectives

Impact of fecal incontinence on quality of life

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第26期15卷 3276-3282页

作者： lynne Bartlett Madeleine Nowak Yik-Hong Ho School of Public Health Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Scienceswithin North Queensland Centre for Cancer ResearchJames Cook University School of Medicine and Dentistry within the North Queensland Centre for Cancer ResearchJames Cook University

AIM:To explore the impact of fecal incontinence (FI) on quality of life (QOL) of patients attending urogynecology and colorectal clinics (CCs).METHODS:Cross-sectional study of 154 patients (27 male) with FI,who attended the clinics at a regional hospital in North Queensland,Australia in 2003 and 2004,and completed the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL:1=very affected;4=not affected).RESULTS:More than 22% of patients had their QOL affected severely by *** reported that they had not previously been asked about FI by a medical practitioner nor did they voluntarily disclose its *** median FIQL scores for all participants were:lifestyle=3.24;coping=2.23;depression=2.42;and embarrassment=*** frequency of soiling had a negative effect on all four FIQL scales (P < 0.001) as did the quantity of soiling (P < 0.01).Female CC patients had poorer FIQL scores than urogynecology clinic patients for lifestyle (P=0.015),coping (P=0.004) and embarrassment (P=0.009),but not depression (P=0.062),despite having experienced FI for a shorter ***:Failure to seek treatment for FI degrades the quality of patients' lives over *** assessment tools should incorporate the quantity of fecal loss.

关键词： Quality of life Fecal incontinence Rural health Colorectal cancer Urogynecology

Advances in the management of infertility in men with spinal cord injury

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 382-390,I0007,I0008页

作者： Emad Ibrahim Nancy L Brackett Charles M lynne The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA Department of Urology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA.

Couples with a spinal cord injured male partner require assisted ejaculation techniques to collect semen that can then be further used in various assisted reproductive technology methods to achieve a pregnancy. The majority of men sustaining a spinal cord injury regardless of the cause or the level of injury cannot ejaculate during sexual intercourse. Only a small minority can ejaculate by masturbation. Penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation are the two most common methods used to retrieve sperm. Other techniques such as prostatic massage and the adjunct application of other medications can be used, but the results are inconsistent. Surgical sperm retrieval should be considered as a last resort if all other methods fail. Special attention must be paid to patients with T6 and rostral levels of injury due to the risk of autonomic dysreflexia resulting from stimulation below the level of injury. Bladder preparation should be performed before stimulation if retrograde ejaculation is anticipated. Erectile dysfunction is ubiquitous in the spinal cord injured population but is usually easily managed and does not pose a barrier to semen retrieval in these men. Semen analysis parameters of men with spinal cord injury are unique for this population regardless of the method of retrieval, generally presenting as normal sperm concentration but abnormally low sperm motility and viability. When sperm retrieval is desired in this population, emphasis should be placed on initially trying the simple methods of penile vibratory stimulation or electroejaculation before resorting to more advanced and invasive surgical procedures.

关键词： assisted reproductive technology ejaculation electroejaculation male infertility paraplegia penile vibratory stimulation semen sperm spinal cord injury surgical sperm retrieval

Data Science as Political Action:Grounding Data Science in a Politics of Justice

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Journal of Social Computing 2021年第3期2卷 249-265页

作者： Ben green the Gerald R.Ford School of Public Policy University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

In response to public scrutiny of data-driven algorithms,the field of data science has adopted ethics training and *** ethics can help data scientists reflect on certain normative aspects of their work,such efforts are ill-equipped to generate a data science that avoids social harms and promotes social *** this article,I argue that data science must embrace a political *** scientists must recognize themselves as political actors engaged in normative constructions of society and evaluate their work according to its downstream impacts on people’s lives.I first articulate why data scientists must recognize themselves as political *** this section,I respond to three arguments that data scientists commonly invoke when challenged to take political positions regarding their *** confronting these arguments,I describe why attempting to remain apolitical is itself a political stance-a fundamentally conservative one-and why data science’s attempts to promote“social good”dangerously rely on unarticulated and incrementalist political assumptions.I then propose a framework for how data science can evolve toward a deliberative and rigorous politics of social justice.I conceptualize the process of developing a politically engaged data science as a sequence of four *** these new approaches will empower data scientists with new methods for thoughtfully and rigorously contributing to social justice.

关键词： data science ethics politics social justice social change social good pedagogy

Towards Sustainable Flood Risk Management

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2010年第1期1卷 33-43页

作者： Colin green Flood Hazard Research Centre Middlesex UniversityQueenswayEnfieldMiddlesex EN34SAU.K.

Sustainable development means doing more with less;this requires change from existing practices. We must make improvements and learn, in the face of those changes that are occurring because we have not delivered sustainable development up until now. So we seek to make changes in the context of changes. This paper focuses on the question of “how” we do more with less and develops the concept of adopting a systemic approach, recognizing that we are dealing with dynamic, highly interconnected systems.

关键词： Sustainable dealing Flood