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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 312-322页

作者： Mohammad Zahangeer Alam Md.Anamul Hoque Golam Jalal Ahammed lynne carpenter-boggs Department of Environmental Science Faculty of AgricultureBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University(BSMRAU)Gazipur1706Bangladesh Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural University(BAU)MymensinghBangladesh College of Forestry Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang471023PR China Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University(WSU)Pullman WA99164-6420USA

Arsenic(As)is carcinogenic and highly toxic to *** accumulate As when grown in field soils irrigated with As-contaminated *** accumulation of As in roots,shoots,and grains of pea varieties can negatively affect human health via the food *** research is focused on the biomass growth and alleviation of As accumulation in roots,shoots,and grains of pea varieties in high As soil amended with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),biochar(BC),selenium(Se),silica gel(Si-gel),and sulfur(S).Root,shoot,and grain masses were found higher in pea grown in As soil amended with AMF,Se,Si-gel,and *** with rice husk and sawdust BC was found less effective to increase growth parameters in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Motor *** in grains was reduced by 77%,71%,and 69%by AMF,Se,and Si-gel,*** is recommended that soil amendments with AMF,S,and Se have great potential for improving biomass production of pea grown in As-contaminated soil,as well as reducing As transfer to humans through the food chains.

关键词： Arsenic Pea Food chain AMF Food safety Metal

Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee J Dufault Katherine M Adler David O carpenter Steven G Gilbert Raquel A Crider College of Graduate Health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department of Health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States Institute for Health and the Environment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department of Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKGROUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact gene behavior across generations,creating conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders known as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Children with these disorders have difficulty metabolizing and excreting heavy metals from their bloodstream,and the severity of their symptoms correlates with the heavy metal levels measured in their *** may play a key role in helping parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing access to effective nutritional epigenetics *** To test the efficacy of nutritional epigenetics instruction in reducing parental ultra-processed food *** The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control group pretest-posttest pilot study design with participants recruited from parents having a learning-disabled child with autism or ***-two parents who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected to serve in the test(n=11)or control(n=11)*** test group participated in the six-week online nutritional epigenetics tutorial,while the control group did *** efficacy of the nutritional epigenetics instruction was determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during the pre and post intervention *** intake scores were derived for both ultra-processed and whole/organic *** sample t-tests were conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores within each *** There was a significant difference in the diet scores of the test group between the pre-and post-intervention *** parents in the test group significantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods with a preintervention diet score of 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a post-intervention diet score of 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the

关键词： Epigenomics Parenteral nutrition Autism Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ultra-processed foods Heavy metals

Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features,Illinois,USA

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第3期75卷 249-253页

作者： Philip J.carpenter Shawkat AHMED Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USADepartment of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA

Karst aquifers supply a significant fraction of the world's drinking water. These types of aquifers are alsohighly susceptible to pollution from the surface with recharge usually occurring through fractures and solution openings at the bedrock surface. Thickness of the protective soil cover, macropores and openings within the soil cover, and the nature of the weathered bedrock surface all influence infiltration. Recharge openings at the bedrock surface, however, are often covered by unconsolidated sediments, resulting in the inadvertent placement of landfills, unregulated dump sites, tailing piles, waste lagoons and septic systems over recharge zones. In these settings surface geophysical surveys, calibrated by a few soil cores, could be employed to identify these recharge openings, and qualitatively assess the protection afforded by the soil cover. In a test of this hypothesis, geophysical measurements accurately predicted the thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying karstic dolomite at a site about 100 km south of Chicago, Illinois. Zones of elevated electrical conductivity and high ground-penetrating radar (GPR) attenuation within the sediments coincided with subcropping solutionally-enlarged hydraulically active bedrock fractures. These fractures extend to over 12-m depth, as shown by 2-D inverted resistivity sections and soil coring. Anomalous electromagnetic (EM) conductivity and GPR response may be due to higher soil moisture above these enlarged fractures. An epikarstal conduit at 2.5-m depth was directly identified through a GPR survey. These results suggest that surface geophysical surveys are a viable tool for assessing the susceptibility of shallow karst aquifers to contamination.

关键词： karst geophysics epikarst soil pipes recharge infiltration sinkholes

Maintaining nano-lamellar microstructure in friction stir welding (FSW) of accumulative roll bonded (ARB) Cu-Nb nano-lamellar composites (NLC)

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第1期34卷 92-101页

作者： Judy Schneider Josef Cobb John S.carpenter Nathan A.Mara Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Alabama in Huntsville Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State University Materials Science and Technologies Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies and the Institute for Materials ScienceLos Alamos National Laboratory

Accumulative roll bonded （ARB） Copper Niobium （Cu-Nb） nano-lamellar composite （NLC） panels were friction stir welded （FSWed） to evaluate the ability to join panels while retaining the nano-lamellar structure. During a single pass of the friction stir welding （FSW） process, the nano-lamellar structure of the parent material （PM） was retained but was observed to fragment into equiaxed grains during the second pass. FSW has been modeled as a severe deformation process in which the material is subjected to an instantaneous high shear strain rate followed by extreme shear strains. The loss of the nano-lamellar layers was attributed to the increased strain and longer time at temperature resulting from the second pass of the FSW process. Kinematic modeling was used to predict the global average shear strain and shear strain rates experienced by the ARB material during the FSW process. The results of this study indicate that through careful selection of FSW parameters, the nano-lamellar structure and its associated higher strength can be maintained using FSW to join ARB NLC panels.

关键词： Nano-lamellar materials Accumulative roll bonded Cu-Nb FSW Solid state joining

Democratizing photogrammetry:an accuracy perspective

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2023年第2期26卷 175-188页

作者： Jie Shan Zhixin Li Damon Lercel Kevan Tissue Joseph Hupy Joshua carpenter School of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA School of Aviation and Transportation Technology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

Photogrammetry is experiencing an era of democratization mostly due to the popularity and availability of many commercial off-the-shelf devices,such as drones and *** are used as the most convenient and effective tools for high-resolution image acquisition for a wide range of applications in science,engineering,management,and cultural ***,the quality,particularly the geometric accuracy,of the outcomes from such consumer sensors is still ***,the expected quality under different control schemes has yet to be thoroughly *** paper intends to answer those questions with a comprehensive comparative ***,in particular,structure from motion,has been used to reconstruct a 3D building model from smartphone and consumer drone images,as well as from professional drone images,all under various ground control *** from this study show that the positioning accuracy of smartphone images under direct geo-referencing is 165.4 cm,however,this could be improved to 43.3 cm and 14.5 cm when introducing aerial lidar data and total station surveys as ground control,*** results are found for consumer drone images as *** comparison,this study shows the use of the professional drone is able to achieve a positioning accuracy of 3.7 ***,we demonstrate that through the combined use of drone and smartphone images we are able to obtain full coverage of the entire target with a 2.3 cm positioning *** study concludes that smartphone images can achieve an accuracy equivalent to consumer drone images and can be used as the primary data source for building facade data collection.

关键词： Drone smartphone photogrammetry Structure from Motion(SfM) aero triangulation point clouds

Safety considerations for working with animal models involving human health hazards

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2018年第2期1卷 91-99页

作者： Calvin B.carpenter Animal Resources Alcon Research and Development

A human health hazard may constitute a variety of hazards that are encountered in an animal facility. Health hazards include physical, chemical, radioactive, or biological hazards such as cage and rack washers, chemicals used for cleaning and disinfection,experimental drugs or biologics, radioactive isotopes, zoonotic diseases, allergens,experimental infectious agents, or biological toxins. This article will focus on experimental infectious agents and biological toxins(biohazards) that are hazardous to both animals and humans and require biological containment(biocontainment) to prevent their inadvertent release into the environment. Key areas for safely managing a biocontainment animal care and use program and vivarium are *** scientific research involving health hazards has created some challenges, it has also provided some excellent advances in methods and technologies. The ideas and approaches in this article will be useful for those just entering this field of research and those who have committed their careers to the safe use of animals exposed to biohazards.

关键词： animal models biocontainment hazards safety

Optical neuroimaging:advancing transcranial magnetic stimulation treatments of psychiatric disorders

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2022年第1期5卷 268-278页

作者： Shixie Jiang Linda L.carpenter Huabei Jiang Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of MedicinePalo Alto CA 94305USA Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Butler HospitalAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidence RI 02903USA Department of Medical Engineering University of South FloridaTampa FL 33613USA

Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has been established as an important and effective treatment for various psychiatric ***,its effectiveness has likely been limited due to the dearth of neuronavigational tools for targeting purposes,unclear ideal stimulation parameters,and a lack of knowledge regarding the physiological response of the brain to TMS in each psychiatric *** optical imaging modalities,such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse optical tomography,are promising tools for the study of TMS optimization and functional targeting in psychiatric *** possess a unique combination of high spatial and temporal resolutions,portability,real-time capability,and relatively low *** this mini-review,we discuss the advent of optical imaging techniques and their innovative use in several psychiatric conditions including depression,panic disorder,phobias,and eating *** further investment and research in the development of these optical imaging approaches,their potential will be paramount for the advancement of TMS treatment protocols in psychiatry.

关键词： Optical imaging Functional near-infrared spectroscopy Diffuse optical tomography Transcranial magnetic stimulation Major depressive disorder Panic disorder Phobia Bulimia nervosa Psychiatric disorders

An uneasy alliance:a nesting association between aggressive ants and equally fierce social wasps

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 122-132页

作者： Pablo Servigne Jerome Orivel Frederic Azemar James carpenter Alain Dejean Bruno Corbara Ecologie Sociale CP 231 Universite Libre de Bruxelles(ULB)Campus PlaineBoulevard du TriompheBrusselsBelgium CNRS UMR EcoFoGAgroParisTechCiradINRAUniversite des AntillesUniversite de GuyaneKourouFrance EcoLabf CNRS INPTUPSUniversite de ToulouseToulouseFrance Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew YorkUSA CNRS LMGEUniversite Clermont AuvergneClermont-FerrandFrance

Although the Neotropical territorially dominant arboreal ant Azteca chartifex Forel is very aggressive towards any intruder,its populous colonies tolerate the close presence of the fierce polistine wasp Polybia rejecta(F.).In French Guiana,83.33%of the 48 *** nests recorded were found side by side with those of *** nesting association results in mutual protection from predators(i.e.,the wasps protected from army ants;the ants protected from birds).We conducted field studies,laboratorybased behavioral experiments and chemical analyses to elucidate the mechanisms allowing the persistence of this *** to differences in the cuticular profiles of the two species,we eliminated the possibility of chemical ***,analyses of the carton nests did not reveal traces of marking on the *** ant forager flows were not perturbed by extracts from the wasps’Dufour’s and venom glands,we rejected any hypothetical action of repulsive ***,we noted that the wasps"scraped"the surface of the upper part of their nest envelope using their mandibles,likely removing the ants'scent trails,and an experiment showed that ant foragers were perturbed by the removal of their scent *** leads us to use the term"erasure hypothesis."Thus,this nesting association persists thanks to a relative tolerance by the ants towards wasp presence and the behavior of the wasps that allows them to"contain"their associated ants through the elimination of their scent trails,direct attacks,"wing-buzzing"behavior and ejecting the ants.

关键词： Azteca chartifex ants interspecific association mutualism Polybia rejecta wasps scent trail erasure

Enhanced interface strength in steel-nickel bimetallic component fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing with interweaving deposition strategy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第17期52卷 226-234页

作者： Bintao Wu Zhijun Qiu Zengxi Pan Kristin carpenter Tong Wang Donghong Ding Stephen Van Duin Huijun Li Key Laboratory of Ningxia for Photovoltaic Material Ningxia UniversityYinchuan750021China School of Mechanical MaterialsMechatronic and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia School of Mechatronic Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan528000China

Realizing improved strength in composite metallic materials remains a challenge using conventional welding and joining systems due to the generation and development of brittle intermetallic compounds caused by complex thermal profiles during ***,wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)process was used to fabricate a steel-nickel structural component,whose average tensile strength of 634 MPa significantly exceeded that of feedstock materials(steel,537 MPa and nickel,455 MPa),which has not been reported *** as-fabricated sample exhibited hierarchically structural heterogeneity due to the interweaving deposition *** improved mechanical response during tensile testing was due to the inter-locking microstructure forming a strong bond at the interface and solid solutions strengthening from the intermixing of the Fe and Ni increased the interface strength,beyond the sum of *** research offers a new route for producing high-quality steel-nickel dissimilar structures and widens the design opportunities of monolithic components,with site-specific properties,for specific structural or functional applications.

关键词： Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) Steel-nickel bimetallic-component Interweaving deposition Material properties

Hydrogen diffusion in clinopyroxene: dehydration experiments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第6期43卷 561-568页

作者：夏群科陈道公 S.carpenter 支霞臣王汝成程昊 Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Department of Geosciences The Pennsylvania State University PA 16082 USA State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Hydrogen diffusivity of one clinopyroxene megacryst from Nüshan, eastern China parallel to [001]* crystallographic direction was measured by high-temperature sequential dehydration experiments at 950üC and 850üC, which was (6.5ü1.5)×10-12(m2/s) and (1.8×0.7)×10-12(m2/s) respectively. From these results and the previous published data, it seems that the correlation between hydrogen diffusivity and Fe content suggested by Dyar et al. (1996) possibly does not exist. Clinopyroxene megacrysts from alkali basalts appear to be possible reliable samples for the study of the water evolution and hydrogen isotope compositions of the upper mantle.

关键词： clinopyroxene hydrogen diffusion dehydration.