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The evolving ENSO observing system

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National Science Review 2018年第6期5卷 805-807页

作者： Dake Chen Neville smith William Kessler State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography

El Nio–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)is by far the most energetic and influential short-term climate variability on our planet, originating from an instability of the large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tr... 详细信息

关键词： The evolving ENSO observing system TAO

Whole Field Strain Measurement of High Strength Steel Under Plain Strain Condition

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 320-324页

作者： smith Lorenzo M Department of Mechanical Engineering Oakland UniversityRochester 48309MIUnited States

Sheet metal undergoes different strain conditions during different forming *** investigation of mechanical properties under these conditions is very important in the forming *** metal is particularly liable to failure under plain strain *** and investigate the necking strain under plane strain condition is a particularly important study for sheet formability *** this study,material behavior of DP780 high strength steel sheet under plain strain condition was *** plane strain tensile tests were carried out on the MTS testing machine with a special designed specimen.A digital image correlation system was employed to measure the full-field strain distribution during plain strain tensile *** strain evolution during deformation was obtained and *** capability of the specimen for plane strain test was validated from the strain *** necking strain and fracture strain of DP780 high strength steel sheet were determined from the strain field and strain history results.

关键词： plain strain test strain history fracture high strength steel digital image correlation

MINNESOTA SUSTAINABLE BUILDING GUIDELINES:History,Effectiveness and Path for the Future.

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Journal of Green Building 2018年第2期13卷 163-180页

作者： Richard Graves Patrick smith Center for Sustainable Building Research College of DesignUniversity of Minnesota1425 University Avenue SESuite 115MinneapolisMN 55455

INTRODUCTION The Minnesota Sustainable Building Guidelines is a progressive sustainability program for state funded buildings which serves as a model for sustainability in Minnesota *** program was created by the State of Minnesota in 2001 and developed by a team led by the Center for Sustainable Building Research(CSBR)at the University of *** other green building programs,it focuses on measured performance improvements,using a list of required metrics instead of a menu of potential *** program is structured to provide a feedback loop to the building design,construction and operations industry in the *** of the program are used through all phases of the development of state-funded buildings in Minnesota from pre-design through design,and construction and for ten years of *** is continually updated and improved in collaboration with state agencies and industry stakeholders and could serve as a model for localized green building programs.

关键词： green building rating systems code climate change architecture 2030 emission reduction actual performance net zero EUI renewable

Bioinformatics advances in saliva diagnostics

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第2期4卷 85-87页

作者： Barry smith David TW Wong University of California at Los Angeles School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute Center for Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA Departmentof Philosophy University at BuffaloBuffaloUSA

There is a need recognized by the National Institute of Dental ＆ Craniofacial Research and the National Cancer Institute to advance basic, translational and clinical saliva research. The goal of the Salivaomics Knowledge Base （SKB） is to create a data management system and web resource constructed to support human salivaomics research. To maximize the utility of the SKB for retrieval, integration and analysis of data, we have developed the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart. This article reviews the informatics advances in saliva diagnostics made possible by the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart.

关键词： BioMart database ontology saliva

Hepatitis A vaccine associated with autoimmune hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第15期13卷 2238-2239页

作者： PA Berry G smith-Laing Medway Maritime Hospital Windmill Road GillinghamKentUnited Kingdom

To describe a case of probable relapsing autoimmune hepatitis associated with vaccination against hepatitis A virus （HAV）. A case report and review of literature were written concerning autoimmune hepatitis in association with hepatitis A and other hepatotropic viruses. Soon a^er the administration of formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, a man who had recently recovered from an uncharacterized but self-limiting hepatitic illness, experienced a severe deterioration （AST 1687 U/L, INR 1.4）. Anti-nuclear antibodies were detectable, and liver biopsy was compatible with autoimmune hepatitis. The observation supports the role of HAV as a trigger of autoimmune hepatitis. Studies in helper T-cell activity and antibody expression against hepatic proteins in the context of hepatitis A infection are summarized, and the concept of molecular mimicry with regard to other forms of viral hepatitis and autoimmunity is briefly explored.

关键词： Hepatitis A virus Vaccine Autoimmune hepatitis Helper T-cell Molecular mimicry

Resolving display shape dependence issues on tabletops

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Computational Visual Media 2018年第4期4卷 349-365页

作者： James McNaughton Tom Crick Shamus smith School of Education Durham University Department of Computer Science Swansea University School of Electrical Engineering & Computing Universityof Newcastle(Australia)

Advances in display technologies are transforming the capabilities—and potential applications—of system interfaces. Previously, the overwhelming majority of systems have utilised rectangular displays;this may soon change with digital devices increasingly designed to be ubiquitous and pervasive, to facilitate frictionless human interaction. At present, software is invariably designed assuming it will be used with a display of a specific shape; however, there is an emerging demand for systems built around interacting with tabletop interfaces to be capable of handling a wide range of potential display shapes. In this paper,the design of software for use on a range of differently shaped tabletop displays is considered, proposing a novel but extensible technique that can be used to minimise the influence of the issues of using different display shapes. Furthermore, we present a study that applies the technique to adapt several software applications to several different display shapes.

关键词： visual content management irregular displays screen design multi-touch surfaces tabletop displays ubiquitous computing

How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation？

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 686-696页

作者： Gilbert smith Michael G. RITCHIE Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California USA School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Speciation research has seen a renewed interest in ecological speciation, which emphasises divergent ecological se- lection leading to the evolution of reproductive isolation. Selection from divergent ecologies means that phenotypic plasticity can play an important role in ecological speciation. Phenotypic plasticity involves the induction of phenotypes over the lifetime of an organism and emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic marks such as cytosine and protein （histone） modifications might regu- late such environmental induction. Epigenetic marks play a wide role in a variety of processes including development, sex dif- ferentiation and allocation, sexual conflict, regulation of transposable elements and phenotypic plasticity. Here we describe recent studies that investigate epigenetic mechanisms in a variety of contexts. There is mounting evidence for environmentally induced epigenetic variation and for the stable inheritance of epigenetic marks between generations. Thus, epigenetically-based pheno- typic plasticity may play a role in adaptation and ecological speciation. However, there is less evidence for the inheritance of in- duced epigenetic variation across multiple generations in animals. Currently few studies of ecological speciation incorporate the potential for the involvement of epigenetically-based induction of phenotypes, and we argue that this is an important omission [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 686-696, 2013 ].

关键词： Ecological speciation Adaptation Reproductive isolation Phenotypic plasticity Epigenetic mechanisms

Age and outcomes of primary percutaneous intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction in a tertiary center are we there yet？

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第3期12卷 263-269页

作者： Vinoda Sharma Manivannan Srinivasan Dave smith Morriston Cardiac Center Swansea Wales United Kingdom

Background Primary percutaneous intervention （PPCI） is the treatment of choice for ST elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） but robust evidence in the very elderly is lacking. We compared PPCI outcomes between different age quartiles （quartile I 〈 60 years, quartile 2 〉 60 to 〈 70 years, quartile 3 〉 70 to 〈 80 years, quartile 4 〉 80 years）. Methods Retrospective observational analysis of our Morriston Tertiary Cardiac Center （Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board） patients from 2005 to 2010 with STEMI who underwent PPCI. Resnlts Of 434 patients, 57 （13%） were in quartile 4 （〉 80 years）. In older age quartiles, patients were less likely to receive a drug eluting stent （DES, P = 0.001） or glycoprotein IlbAIIa inhibitor （GPI, P 〈 0.0001）. Increase in age was associated with reduced time to survival （13-coefficient： -0.192, t： -3,70, 95%CI： --4.91 to -1.50, P 〈 0.0001） as was the presence of cardiogenic shock 03-coefficient： -0.194, t = 3.77, 95%CI： -5.26 to -1.65, P 〈 0.0001）. Use of GPI was associated with increased time to survival （p-coefficient： 0.138, t = 2.82, 95%CI： 1.58-8.58, P = 0.005） but older age quartiles were less likely to receive GPI （P 〈 0.0001）. In-hospital mortality （1.8% quartile 1, 3.6% quartile 2, 10.9% quartile 3 and 12.3% quartile 4, P = 0.002） and 1-year mortality （5.4% quartile 1, 5.5% quartile 2, 16.8% quartile 3 and 24.6% quartile 4, P 〈 0.0001, respectively） was significantly higher in older age quartiles. Conclusions Increased short term and intermediate term mortality is seen in the very elderly after PPCI. Age and cardiogenic shock were prognostic factors. Intervention should not be based on age alone and awareness regarding prognostic factors can help improve management.

关键词： Myocardial infarction Primary percutaneous intervention The elderly

What we have learned from randomized trials of prostate cancer screening

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 369-373,510页

作者： Richard M Hoffman Anthony Y smith Medicine Service New Mexico VA Health Care System Albuquerque NM 87108 USA Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87108 USA Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87108 USA

The introduction of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） for prostate cancer screening in the late 1980s led to an epidemic of prostate cancer, particularly in developed countries. However, the first valid reports from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of screening were not published until 2009. Men in the screening group in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were 20% less likely than those in the control group to die from prostate cancer. The absolute difference was only 0.7/1000, implying that over 1400 men needed to be screened to prevent one prostate cancer death. Screening was also associated with a 70% increased risk for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. The American Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial found no survival benefit for screening. Results were not conclusive because a substantial proportion of study subjects had previously undergone PSA testing, over half of the control group had PSA testing, follow-up was relatively short, and fewer than 100 subjects died from prostate cancer. Balancing the potential survival benefit from screening is the risk of overdiagnosis--finding cancers that would not otherwise cause clinical problems^and the risk of treatment complications, including urinary, sexual and bowel dysfunction. Prostate cancer screening efforts would benefit from improved biomarkers, which more readily identify clinically important cancers. Cancer control efforts might also need to include chemoprevention, though currently available agents are controversial. In the meantime, oatients need to be supoorted in achievine informed decisions on whether to be screened for orostate cancer.

关键词： cancer screening prostate-specific antigen prostatic neoplasms randomized controlled trials as topic