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Facultative social parasitism in the allodapine bee Macrogalea berentyensis

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Insect Science 2007年第1期14卷 65-69页

作者： JAClyn A. smith School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia

Previous research on social parasitism has largely ignored allodapine social parasites, which is surprising given the huge potential of these bees to provide a better understanding of social parasitism. Macrogalea berentyensis, a species that was previously suggested to be a social parasite, was collected in nests of M. ellioti, and also in nests consisting of only M. berentyensis. These f＇mdings, along with morphological and phylogenetic evidence, show that this species is a facultative social parasite. In the independently living M. berentyensis nests, brood were present that had been reared to an advanced stage, suggesting that：（i） these parasites may be effective at foraging and caring for their brood; or （ii） these nests may be colonies where all the hosts had died, and these parasites had yet to disperse. Macrogalea berentyensis is the closest relative of the facultative social parasite, M. antanosy, and both these species represent the most recent evolutionary origin of social parasitism within the allodapines. Further behavioral research on both these parasitic species would therefore have important implications for the understanding of the evolution of social parasitism.

关键词： allodapine bee facultative social parasitism Macrogalea

Cropping leads to loss of soil organic matter: How can we prevent it?

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 8-10页

作者： Vincent CHAPLOT Pete smith Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD) Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du ClimatExpérimentations et Approches NumériquesUMR 7159IRD-CNRS-UPMC-MNHNCedex 05Paris 75252France Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK

Soil organic matter(SOM),which associates carbon(C)to key plant nutrients,has been stored in soil for thousands of *** have long recognised its positive impact on key environmental functions such as food production and climate *** soon as a virgin land(forest or grassland)is cultivated,there is a tendency for the soil to lose its SOM,and we still largely misunderstand the underlying mechanisms,leading to inappropriate decisions being taken to fight soil,climate,and overall ecosystem degradation.

关键词： soil grassland forest

Finding a home for hyoliths

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 470-471页

作者： Martin R.smith Department of Earth Sciences Durham University NSR

Many of the animal lineages that arose during the Cambrian evolutionary radiation, 540 million years ago, are difficult to relate to living taxa. Constraining the phylogenetic position of these highly disparate taxa allows their idiosyncratic morphologies to illuminate the stepwise establishment of modern body plans[1–3].Hyoliths are one such lineage; their operculate conical shells

关键词： Finding a home for hyoliths

Harnessing endothelial cells and vascularization strategies for nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2337-2338页

作者： Papon Muangsanit Poppy smith Virology and Cell Technology Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)PathumthaniThailand UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering UCLLondonUK Department of Pharmacology UCL School of PharmacyUCLLondonUK

Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system,transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body *** resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor *** injuries,particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue,pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and *** their limitations,including limited availability and donor site morbidity,nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries.

关键词： injuries nerves donor

PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL USING STEEL SLAG

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第6期19卷 449-454页

作者： R.W. smith Metallurgical and Materials Department Nevada University of Reno NV89503 Nevada USA

Steel slag is a byproduct produced in large amounts in the steel-making process. It is an important resource that can be effectively utilized. An experiment was described in which steel slag was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of phosphorus from waste water. Phosphorus removal depended on the amount of steel slag added, the pH value, the contact time, and the initial concentration. Under laboratory conditions when the added slag was 7.5g/L, the contact time 2h, and the pH value was equivalent to 6.5, over 99% of the phosphorus was removed; the experimental data on steel slag adsorption of phosphorus in the water fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. Steel slag was found to be very effective in adsorbing phosphorus.

关键词： steel slag waste water phosphorus removal

Predicting the temporal transferability of model parameters through a hydrological signature analysis

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第1期14卷 110-123页

作者： Dilhani Ishanka JAYATHILAKE Tyler smith Institute for a Sustainable Environment Clarkson UniversityPotsdamNY 13699USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Clarkson UniversityPotsdamNY 13699USA

Attention has recently increased on the use of hydrological signatures as a potential tool for assessing the fidelity of model structures and providing insights into the transfer of model *** utility of hydrological signatures as model performance/reliability indicators in a calibration-validation testing scenario(i.e.,the temporal transfer of model parameters)is the focus of this *** Probability Distributed Model,a flexible conceptual hydrological model,is used to test the approach across a number of catchments included in the MOPEX data set We explore the change in model performance across calibration and validation time periods and contrast it to the corresponding change in several hydrological signatures to assess signature *** are explored in finer detail by utilizing a moving window approach to calibration and validation time *** results of this study indicated that the most informative signature can vary,both spatially and temporally,based on physical and climatic characteristics and their interaction to the model ***,one signature could not adequately illustrate complex watershed behaviors nor predict model performance in new analysis periods.

关键词： streamflow hydrological signature validation testing model calibration

New prospects for computational hydraulics by leveraging high-performance heterogeneous computing techniques

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第6期28卷 977-985页

作者： Qiuhua LIANG Luke smith Xilin XIA Hebei University of Engineering Handan 056038 China School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

In the last two decades, computational hydraulics has undergone a rapid development following the advancement of data acquisition and computing technologies. Using a finite-volume Godunov-type hydrodynamic model, this work demonstrates the promise of modern high-performance computing technology to achieve real-time flood modeling at a regional scale. The software is implemented for high-performance heterogeneous computing using the OpenCL programming framework, and developed to support simulations across multiple GPUs using a domain decomposition technique and across multiple systems through an efficient implementation of the Message Passing Interface （MPI） standard. The software is applied for a convective storm induced flood event in Newcastle upon Tyne, demonstrating high computational performance across a GPU cluster, and good agreement against crowd- sourced observations. Issues relating to data availability, complex urban topography and differences in drainage capacity affect results for a small number of areas.

关键词： computational hydraulics high-performance computing flood modeling shallow water equations shock-capttLring hydrodynamic model

Challenges in Understanding Genome-Wide DNA Methylation

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第1期25卷 26-34页

作者：张伟奇 Andrew D. smith Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor Bioinformatics Division TNLIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics Tsinghua University Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California

DNA methylation is a chemical modification of the bases in genomes. This modification, most frequently found at CpG dinucleotides in eukaryotes, has been identified as having multiple critical functions in broad and diverse species of animals and plants, while mysteriously appears to be lacking from several other well-studied species. DNA methylation has well known and important roles in genome stability and defense, its pattern change highly correlates with gene regulation. Much evidence has linked abnormal DNA methylation to human diseases. Most prominently, aberrant DNA methylation is a common feature of cancer genomes. Elucidating the precise functions of DNA methylation therefore has great biomedical significance. Here we provide an update on large-scale experimental technologies for detecting DNA methylation on a genomic scale. We also discuss new prospect and challenges that computational biologist will face when analyzing DNA methylation data.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenome computational epigenomics

History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David B.smith Steven M.smith John D.Horton U.S.Geological Survey.Denver Federal Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United *** earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to *** project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous *** National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the *** of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous *** *** sampled area represented about 65%of the *** Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous *** data set contains analyses of more than 3000 *** National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the *** covered by the NURE-HSSR *** data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 *** USGS,in collaboration with the Mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in *** of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the *** completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently *** NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the *** data set currently contains data from more than 1400 *** paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms

关键词： Geochemical mapping National-scale geochemical data Geochemical baselines United States