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Impact of Simulated Drought Stress on Soil Microbiology, and Nematofauna in a Native Shrub + Millet Intercropping System in Senegal

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2016年第12期6卷 189-203页

作者： Sidy Diakhaté Ndeye-Yacine Badiane-Ndour Hassna Founoune-Mboup Sally Diatta Abdoulaye Fofana Fall Rebecca R. Hernandez Laurent Cournac Richard Dick lydie chapuis-lardy National Research Laboratory for Crop Production (LNRPV/ISRA) Dakar Senegal LMI IESOL International Laboratory for Ecological Intensification of Cultivated Soil in West Africa Dakar Senegal Land Air and Water Resource Department University of California-Davis Davis CA USA School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus OH USA French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) Montpellier France IRD-ISRA Research Center BP1386 Dakar Senegal

Drought stress strongly affects soil biota and impairs crop production, which under climate change will be exacerbated in semi-arid cropping regions such as the Sahel. Hence soil management systems are needed that can buffer against drought. In West Africa, field studies have found intercropping of millet with the native shrub Piliostigma reticulatum improves soil-plant-water relations, microbial activity and diversity, and suppress parasitic nematodes, which can significantly increase crop yield. However, little information is available on its beneficial or negative effects on soils or crops during water stress. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the impact of P. reticulatum in moderating water stress effects on soil properties and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) productivity. In the greenhouse, soil chemical and microbial properties and millet growth were investigated with a factorial experiment of varying levels of soil moisture (favorable, moderately stressed, or severely stressed water conditions) that was imposed for 55 days on soils containing sole P. reticulatum or millet, or millet + P. reticulatum. The results showed that the presence of P. reticulatum did not buffer soils against water stress in relation to soil chemical and microbial properties measured at the end of the experiment. Severe water stress did significantly decrease the height, number of leaves, and aboveground biomass of millet plants. Additionally, respiration, nematofauna trophic structure and abundance decreased as water stress increased. Lastly, bacterial feeders and plant parasitic nematodes were the most sensitive to severe water stress while fungal feeding nematodes remained unaffected. The results suggested that the intensity of water stress had more negative effects on soil basal respiration rather than soil microbial biomass.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Shrub-Based Cropping System Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Water Stress Climate Change Nematode Basal Respiration Greenhouse Experiment

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Temporal Microbial Response to Wetting-Drying Cycles in Soils within and Outside the Influence of a Shrub in the Sahel

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2019年第12期9卷 284-297页

作者： Sally Diatta Sidy Diakhaté Hassna Founoune-Mboup Charlotte J. Alster Diégane Diouf Richard P. Dick lydie chapuis-lardy Laurent Cournac Ndeye Yacine Badiane-Ndour ISRA_LNRPV Laboratoire National de Recherches sur les productions Végétales (LNRPV) Dakar Senegal Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Département Biologie Végétale Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD Dakar Senegal IRD LMI IESOL Centre IRD-ISRA Dakar Senegal Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine CA USA School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus OH USA IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR Eco & Sols Montpellier France

Piliostigma reticulatum is a native woody shrub found in cropped fields in the Sahel and has been shown to increase crop productivity and soil quality. Frequently occurring drying and rewetting cycles (DRW) may alter the soil quality beneath these shrubs. We investigated the effect of DRW cycles on microbial community in soil beneath and outside the P. reticulatum canopy and the roles of this shrub in the adaptation of the microbial community to abiotic stress. Soils were incubated in a climate controlled chamber for 45 days, after exposure to 10 consecutive days of DRW cycles at 75% of water holding capacity (WHC). Basal respiration, β-glucosidase activity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and available nitrogen (;) were measured at 2, 30, and 45 days after soil exposed to the DRW cycles. MBC increased significantly two days after the DRW cycles and was greater for soil beneath the shrub canopy compared with soil outside the shrub canopy. PCA analysis based on basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, available nitrogen, and β-Glucosidase activity resulted in a tight clustering in the beneath shrub soil samples. Soils incubated for more than 30 days after DRW cycles had higher available nitrogen content than soils incubated for less than 30 days. Soil from beneath the shrub canopy significantly improved soil resilience based on β-glucosidase activity. Soil from beneath the shrub canopy also had higher nutrient levels and greater microbial activity even when subjected to DRW cycles, potentially improving the ability of crops to withstand in-season drought when they are adjacent to shrubs. The work should bring our scientific community into a more comprehensive assessment of potential effects of a crop-shrub intercropping that may allow for increased crop yields in semi-arid ecosystems under drought conditions.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Shrub-Based Cropping System Climate Change Wetting and Drying Cycles Climate Chamber Experiment

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