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Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： Sarah Babington Alan J.Tilbrook Shane K.Maloney Jill N.Fernandes Tamsyn M.Crowley luoyang ding Archa H.Fox Song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino Timothy J.Mahony Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a *** is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare *** behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative *** welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to *** this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human *** proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological *** also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker Stress Welfare assessment

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反刍动物瘤胃微生物与机体协同代谢酪氨酸-多巴通路机制研究进展

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生命科学研究 2024年第4期28卷 320-326,358页

作者：陈巧庆谢海滨黄卫东丁洛阳王梦芝扬州大学动物科学与技术学院中国江苏扬州225009 绵羊遗传改良与健康养殖国家重点实验室新疆农垦科学院中国新疆石河子832000

酪氨酸作为芳香族氨基酸,目前研究多涉及黑色素,涉及酪氨酸与反刍动物瘤胃微生物及宿主机体互作的研究报道较少。相关研究认为,酪氨酸缺乏会导致瘤胃微生物中原虫、细菌(包括瘤胃蛋白质降解菌)的生长受限,补充酪氨酸则会促进瘤胃微生物... 详细信息

酪氨酸作为芳香族氨基酸,目前研究多涉及黑色素,涉及酪氨酸与反刍动物瘤胃微生物及宿主机体互作的研究报道较少。相关研究认为,酪氨酸缺乏会导致瘤胃微生物中原虫、细菌(包括瘤胃蛋白质降解菌)的生长受限,补充酪氨酸则会促进瘤胃微生物的生长并协同机体代谢,进而通过酪氨酸-多巴通路影响机体行为与健康。本文综述了酪氨酸通过影响反刍动物瘤胃微生物代谢进而影响机体的机制,以期为养殖生产中通过酪氨酸调控反刍动物瘤胃微生物发酵,进而改善反刍动物行为与健康提供一定的研究思路。

关键词：酪氨酸瘤胃微生物多巴胺通路

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Jugular arginine supplementation increases lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 510-518页

作者： luoyang ding Yizhao Shen Yifan Wang Gang Zhou Xin Zhang Mengzhi Wang Juan J.Loor Lianmin Chen Jun Zhang College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Clinical Medical School Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA.

Background: Enhancing the post-ruminal supply of arginine(Arg), a semi-essential amino acid(AA), elicits positive effects on milk production. Our objective was to determine the effects of Arg infusion on milk production parameters and aspects of nitrogen(N) absorption and utilization in lactating dairy cows. Six lactating Chinese Holstein cows of similar body weight(508 ± 14 kg), body condition score(3.0 ± 0), parity(4.0 ± 0), milk yield(30.6 ±1.8 kg) and days in milk(20 ± 2 d) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21 d for each period(1 week for infusion and 2 weeks for washout). Treatments were 1) Control: saline;2) Arg group: saline + 9.42 g/L L-Arg;3) Alanine(Ala) group: saline + 19.31 g/L L-Ala(iso-nitrogenous to the Arg group). Milk production and composition, dry matter intake, apparent absorption of N, profiles of amino acids(AA) in blood,urea N in urine, milk, and blood, and gene expression of AA transporters were ***: Compared with the Control or Ala group, the infusion of Arg led to greater expression of AA transporters(SLC7 A2 and SLC7 A8) and apparent uptake of free AA in the mammary gland, and was accompanied by greater milk yield, milk protein yield and milk efficiency(calculated by dividing milk yield over feed intake), together with lower concentration of urea N [regarded as an indicator of N utilization efficiency(NUE)] in blood and milk. Furthermore, in the cows infused with Arg, the NUE was higher and the concentration of urea N in urine was lower than those in the Ala group, although no differences were detected in NUE and urea N in urine between the Control and Arg *** infusion of Ala had no effect on those indices compared with the ***: Overall, enhancing the post-ruminal supply of Arg via the jugular vein had a positive effect on the synthesis of milk protein at least in part by increasing gene expression of some AA transporters and uptake of free AA by mamma

关键词： Amino acid transporters Arginine Lactation Milk protein

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Natural vibration and critical velocity of translating Timoshenko beam with non-homogeneous boundaries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1523-1538页

作者： Yanan LI Jieyu ding Hu ding Liqun CHEN Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy EngineeringShanghai Frontier Science Center of MechanoinformaticsSchool of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China School of Mathematics and Statistics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071Shandong ProvinceChina

In most practical engineering applications,the translating belt wraps around two fixed *** boundary conditions of the dynamic model are typically specified as simply supported or fixed *** this paper,non-homogeneous boundaries are introduced by the support *** the translating belt as the mechanical prototype,the vibration characteristics of translating Timoshenko beam models with nonhomogeneous boundaries are investigated for the first *** governing equations of Timoshenko beam are deduced by employing the generalized Hamilton's *** effects of parameters such as the radius of wheel and the length of belt on vibration characteristics including the equilibrium deformations,critical velocities,natural frequencies,and modes,are numerically calculated and *** numerical results indicate that the beam experiences deformation characterized by varying curvatures near the *** radii of the wheels play a pivotal role in determining the change in trend of the relative difference between two beam *** the results unearths that the relative difference in equilibrium deformations between the two beam models is more pronounced with smaller-sized *** the two wheels are of equal size,the critical velocities of both beam models reach their respective *** addition,the relative difference in natural frequencies between the two beam models exhibits nonlinear variation and can easily exceed 50%.Furthermore,as the axial velocities increase,the impact of non-homogeneous boundaries on modal shape of translating beam becomes more *** dealing with non-homogeneous boundaries is challenging,beam models with non-homogeneous boundaries are more sensitive to parameters,and the differences between the two types of beams undergo some interesting variations under the influence of non-homogeneous boundaries.

关键词： translating beam Timoshenko beam non-homogeneous boundary natural frequency critical velocity

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Whittle’s Index Based Sensor Scheduling for Multiprocess Systems Under DoS Attacks

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 329-350页

作者： CAI Zai ding Kemi Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China.

In this paper,the authors consider how to design defensive countermeasures against DoS attacks for remote state estimation of multiprocess *** each system,a sensor will measure its state and transmits the data packets through an unreliable channel which is vulnerable to be jammed by an *** limited communication bandwidth,only a subset of sensors are allowed for data transmission,and how to select the optimal one to maximize the accuracy of remote state estimation is the focus of the proposed *** authors first formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and investigate the existence of optimal ***,the authors demonstrate the piecewise monotonicity structure of optimal *** the difficulty of obtaining an optimal policy of large-scale problems,the authors develop a suboptimal heuristic policy based on the aforementioned policy structure and Whittle’s ***,a closed form of the indices is derived in order to reduce implementation complexity of proposed scheduling policy and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed developed results.

关键词： DoS attacks Kalman filter remote state estimation Whittle’s index.

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Deep structure of the Southeast Asian curved subduction system and its dynamic process

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 701-704页

作者： Weiwei ding Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience&Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

The deep structure,material circulation,and dynamic processes in the Southeast Asia have long been an elusive scientific puzzle due to the lack of systematic scientific observations and recognized theoretical *** on the deep seismic tomography using long-period natural earthquake data,in this study,the deep structure and material circulation of the curved subduction system in Southeast Asia was studied,and the dynamic processes since 100 million years ago was *** is pointed out that challenges still exist in the precise reconstruction of deep mantle structures of the study area,the influence of multi-stage subduction on deep material exchange and shallow magma activity,as well as the spatiotemporal evolution and coupling mechanism of multi-plate *** work should focus on high-resolution land-sea joint 3-D seismic tomography imaging of the curved subduction system in the Southeast Asia,combined with geochemical analysis and geodynamic modelling works.

关键词： curved subduction system deep structure material recycling dynamic process Southeast Asia

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A vertical track nonlinear energy sink

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 931-946页

作者： Meng LI Hu ding Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai Frontier Science Center of MechanoinformaticsShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Eliminating the effects of gravity and designing nonlinear energy sinks(NESs)that suppress vibration in the vertical direction is a challenging task with numerous damping *** this paper,the dynamic design of a vertical track nonlinear energy sink(VTNES)with zero linear stiffness in the vertical direction is proposed and realized for the first *** motion differential equations of the VTNES coupled with a linear oscillator(LO)are *** the strong nonlinearity considered of the VTNES,the steady-state response of the system is analyzed with the harmonic balance method(HBM),and the accuracy of the HBM is verified *** this basis,the VTNES prototype is manufactured,and its nonlinear stiffness is *** damping effect and dynamic characteristics of the VTNES are studied theoretically and *** results show that the VTNES has better damping effects when strong modulation responses(SMRs)***,even for small-amplitude vibration,the VTNES also has a good vibration suppression *** sum up,in order to suppress the vertical vibration,an NES is designed and developed,which can suppress the vertical vibration within certain ranges of the resonance frequency and the vibration intensity.

关键词： track nonlinear energy sink(TNES) vertical direction gravity nonlinear stiffness harmonic balance method(HBM) vibration control

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Capturing metal clusters at the strong-interaction region to reverse Ostwald ripening

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Science China Materials 2024年第4期67卷 1363-1364页

作者： Shuheng Tian ding Ma Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

High-temperature interactions induce sintering of metal nanoparticles(NPs) on heterogeneous catalyst surfaces, leading to reduced surface area and active site loss through Ostwald ripening [1]. This irreversible deactivation necessitates costly catalyst replacement, notably impacting metals like copper in hydrogenation and reforming reactions [2].

关键词： catalyst reforming irreversible

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A newly unraveled 13.6-year oscillation from GPS displacements and its potential implications for the dynamic reference frame

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3204-3212页

作者： Hao ding Weiping JIANG School of Geodesy and Geomatics Hubei Luojia LaboratoryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China GNSS Research Center Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Numerous practical geodetic and geophysical applications necessitate precise measurements of GNSS displacements at the millimeter or sub-millimeter level. To attain such precision, it is imperative to identify and analyze the unidentified decadal signals inherent in the GPS displacements. In this research, we employ the optimal sequence estimation method to effectively detect an about 13.6-year oscillational signal with an excited amplitude of 3.6±1.2 mm in the U-components of the GPS displacements. It is noteworthy that this signal demonstrates a consistent spatial pattern characterized by the spherical harmonic Y_(2,-2). We conduct a comparative analysis with the 13.6-year oscillation observed in length-of-day variations(and geomagnetic records), finding that they are in reverse phase. After eliminating the Earth's external excitation sources through the utilization of two distinct in-situ hydrological records, we suggest that the 13.6-year GPS signal may come from the internal motions within the Earth. However, the specific excitation source and the detailed physical mechanism remain uncertain. Additionally, we develop a mathematical displacement model to explain the 13.6-year signal. Our findings indicate that this signal can result in displacements of up to 1.37 mm and velocity effects of 0.63 mm/yr(for U-component) at maximum. These results underscore the necessity of incorporating this 13.6-year signal into the construction and maintenance of a dynamic reference frame at the millimeter level.

关键词： GPS displacements Decadal changes 13.6-year oscillation Displacement model Dynamic reference frame

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Towards human-leveled vision systems

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2331-2349页

作者： ding JianHao HUANG TieJun State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing School of Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The human visual system is a complex and interconnected network comprising billions of neurons. It plays an essential role in translating environmental light stimuli into information that guides and shapes human perception and action. Research on the visual system aims to uncover the underlying neural structure principles of human visual perception and their possible ***, there are two main approaches: biological system analysis and simulation, artificial intelligence models based on deep learning. Here we aim to discuss the two approaches to human-level vision systems. Deep learning has significantly impacted the field of vision with achievements in representation, modeling, and hardware design. However, there is still a significant gap between deep learning models and the human visual system in terms of scalability, transferability, and sustainability. The progress of the biological visual system can help fill the gap by further understanding the properties and functions of different components of the system. We take the efforts of reconstructing the retina as an example to illustrate that even if we are unable to replicate the visual system on a computer right now, we can still learn a lot by combining existing research outcomes in neuroscience. At the end of the paper, we suggest tracing back to gradually build visual systems from the computational counterpart of biological structures to achieve a human-level vision system in the future.

关键词： human-leveled vision system deep learning biological visual system

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