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High-order time-reversal symmetry breaking normal state

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 136-148页

作者： Meng Zeng lun-hui hu Hong-Ye hu Yi-Zhuang You Congjun Wu Department of Physics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia 92093USA Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Department of PhysicsSchoolof ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 30024China Institute for Theoretical Sciences Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China

Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking plays an important role in studying strongly correlated unconventional superconductors.When two superconducting gap functions with different symmetries compete,the relative phase channel(θ_(-)≡θ_(1)-θ_(2))exhibits an Ising-type Z_(2) symmetry due to the second order Josephson coupling,where θ_(1,2) are the phases of two gap functions.In contrast,the U(1) symmetry in the channel of θ_(+)≡(θ_(1)+θ_(2))/2 is intact.The phase locking,i.e.,ordering of θ_(-),can take place in the phase fluctuation regime before the onset of superconductivity,i.e.,when θ_(+) is disordered.If θ_(-) is pinned at ±π/2,then timereversal symmetry is broken in the normal state,otherwise,if θ_(-)=0,or,π,rotational symmetry is broken,leading to a nematic normal state.In both cases,the order parameters possess a 4-fermion structure beyond the scope of mean-field theory,which can be viewed as a high order symmetry breaking.We employ an effective two-component XY-model assisted by a renormalization group analysis to address this problem.As a natural by-product,we also find the other interesting intermediate phase corresponds to ordering of θ_+ but with θ_(-)disordered.This is the quartetting,or,charge-4e,superconductivity,which occurs above the low temperature Z_(2)-breaking charge-2e superconducting phase.Our results provide useful guidance for studying novel symmetry breaking phases in strongly correlated superconductors.

关键词： superconductivity strong correlation time-reversal breaking charge-4e

Photoinduced transposed Paternò-Büchi reaction for effective synthesis of high-performance jet fuel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 39-48页

作者： Jinxiu hu Xianlong Liu Yi Liu Kang Xue Chengxiang Shi Xiangwen Zhang Li Wang Ji-Jun Zou lun Pan Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192China Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University Ningbo 315201China Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072China

High-energy-density fuels are important for volume-limited aerospace vehicles,but the increase in fuel energy density always leads to poor cryogenic performance.Herein,we investigated the transposed Paternò-Büchi reaction of biomass cyclic ketone and cyclic alkene to synthesize a new kind of alkyl-substituted polycyclic hydrocarbon fuel with high energy density and good cryogenic performance.The triplet-energy-quenching results and phosphorescent emission spectra reveal the sensitization mechanism of the reaction,including photosensitizer excitation,triplettriplet energy transfer,cyclization,and relaxation,and the possible reaction path was revealed by the density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The reaction conditions of photosensitizer type and addition,molar ratio of substrates,reaction temperature,and incident light intensity were optimized,with the target product yield achieving 65.5%.Moreover,the reaction dynamics of the reaction rate versus the light intensity are established.After the hydrogenation-deoxygenation reaction,three fuels with a high density of 0.864-0.938 g·ml^(-1) and a low freezing point of<-55℃ are obtained.This work provides a benign and effective approach to synthesize high-performance fuels.

关键词： High-energy-density fuel Transposed Patern-oeBüchi reaction Kinetics Bioenergy Photochemistry

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Washed microbiota transplantation for Crohn’s disease:A metagenomic,metatranscriptomic,and metabolomic-based study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1572-1587页

作者： Shi-Ju Chen Da-Ya Zhang Xia Wu Fa-Ming Zhang Bo-Ta Cui Yi-Hao huang Zu-lun Zhang Rui Wang Fei-hu Bai Graduate School Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199Hainan ProvinceChina Department of Microbiota Medicine&Medical Center for Digestive Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570216Hainan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising therapeutic approach for treating Crohn’s disease(CD).The new method of FMT,based on the automatic washing process,was named as washed microbiota transplantation(WMT).Most existing studies have focused on observing the clinical phenomena.However,the mechanism of action of FMT for the effective management of CD-particularly in-depth multi-omics analysis involving the metagenome,metatranscriptome,and metabolome-has not yet been reported.AIM To assess the efficacy of WMT for CD and explore alterations in the microbiome and metabolome in response to WMT.METHODS We conducted a prospective,open-label,single-center clinical study.Eleven CD patients underwent WMT.Their clinical responses(defined as a decrease in their CD Activity Index score of>100 points)and their microbiome(metagenome,metatranscriptome)and metabolome profiles were evaluated three months after the procedure.RESULTS Seven of the 11 patients(63.6%)showed an optimal clinical response three months post-WMT.Gut microbiome diversity significantly increased after WMT,consistent with improved clinical symptoms.Comparison of the metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses revealed consistent alterations in certain strains,such as Faecalibac-terium prausnitzii,Roseburia intestinalis,and Escherichia coli.In addition,metabolomics analyses demonstrated that CD patients had elevated levels of various amino acids before treatment compared to the donors.However,levels of vital amino acids that may be associated with disease progression(e.g.,L-glutamic acid,gamma-glutamyl-leucine,and prolyl-glutamine)were reduced after WMT.CONCLUSION WMT demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in CD treatment,likely due to the effective reconstruction of the patient’s microbiome.Multi-omics techniques can effectively help decipher the potential mechanisms of WMT in treating CD.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Clinical trials Fecal microbiota transplant Metagenome Metatranscriptome Metabolome

A Distributed Framework for Large-scale Protein-protein Interaction Data Analysis and Prediction Using MapReduce

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第1期9卷 160-172页

作者： lun hu Shicheng Yang Xin Luo huaqiang Yuan Khaled Sedraoui MengChu Zhou School of Computer Science and Technology Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Big Data Application for Smart Cities and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent ComputingChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830000China Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems and the Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102 USA

Protein-protein interactions are of great significance for human to understand the functional mechanisms of proteins.With the rapid development of high-throughput genomic technologies,massive protein-protein interaction(PPI)data have been generated,making it very difficult to analyze them efficiently.To address this problem,this paper presents a distributed framework by reimplementing one of state-of-the-art algorithms,i.e.,CoFex,using MapReduce.To do so,an in-depth analysis of its limitations is conducted from the perspectives of efficiency and memory consumption when applying it for large-scale PPI data analysis and prediction.Respective solutions are then devised to overcome these limitations.In particular,we adopt a novel tree-based data structure to reduce the heavy memory consumption caused by the huge sequence information of proteins.After that,its procedure is modified by following the MapReduce framework to take the prediction task distributively.A series of extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of our framework in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.Experimental results well demonstrate that the proposed framework can considerably improve its computational efficiency by more than two orders of magnitude while retaining the same high accuracy.

关键词： Distributed computing large-scale prediction machine learning MapReduce protein-protein interaction(PPI)

Design,synthesis,and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potent antitubercular agents

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 326-331页

作者： Yu Wen Shichun lun Yuxue Jiao Wei Zhang Tianyu hu Ting Liu Fan Yang Jie Tang Bing Zhang William R.Bishai Li-Fang Yu Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Center for Tuberculosis Research Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseaseJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21231-1044United States Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

Inhibition of mycobacterial membrane protein large 3(MmpL3)thereby affecting the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway has been proven to be an effective strategy for developing antitubercular drugs.Based on the X-ray crystal structure of MmpL3 inhibitor complexes,a series of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were designed,synthesized and evaluated antitubercular activity against Mtb strain H37Rv.Comprehensive structure–activity relationship exploration resulted in the identification of compounds 21 and 28,which possess potent antitubercular activity against Mtb strain H37Rv[minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)=0.03–0.13μg/mL]and the clinical isolates of multidrug resistance(MDR)and extensive drug resistance(XDR)tuberculosis(MIC=0.06–1.0μg/mL).Moreover,compounds 21 and 28 showed neglectable cytotoxicity(IC_(50)≥32μg/mL)to the mammalian Vero cells and favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties according to the in silico absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion(ADME)prediction.Finally,the potential target of representative 1,2,4-triazole 28 was identified to be MmpL3 using a microscale thermophoresis(MST)assay.

关键词： Tuberculosis MDR and XDR-TB MmpL3 inhibitor 1 2 4-Triazole Structure-based drug design

N-acetylserotonin alleviates retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB pathway in rats

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 228-238页

作者： Yu-Ze Zhao Xue-Ning Zhang Yi Yin Pei-lun Xiao Meng Gao Lu-Ming Zhang Shuan-hu Zhou Shu-Na Yu Xiao-Li Wang Yan-Song Zhao Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261031Shandong ProvinceChina School of Medical Imaging Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Anatomy Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina Departments of Orthopedic Surgery Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.

关键词： retinal diseases retinal ischemia—reperfusion injury N-acetylserotonin high mobility group box 1 receptor for advanced glycation end-products nuclear factor-κB rats

A flexible ultra-broadband multi-layered absorber working at 2 GHz-40 GHz printed by resistive ink

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 329-333页

作者：汪涛闫玉伦陈巩华李迎胡俊毛剑波 School of Microelectronics Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province Academy of Photoelectric TechnologyHefei University of TechnologyHefei 230027China

A flexible extra broadband metamaterial absorber(MMA)stacked with five layers working at 2 GHz–40 GHz is investigated.Each layer is composed of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polyimide(PI),and a frequency selective surface(FSS),which is printed on PI using conductive ink.To investigate this absorber,both one-dimensional analogous circuit analysis and three-dimensional full-wave simulation based on a physical model are provided.Various crucial electromagnetic properties,such as absorption,effective impedance,complex permittivity and permeability,electric current distribution and magnetic field distribution at resonant peak points,are studied in detail.Analysis shows that the working frequency of this absorber covers entire S,C,X,Ku,K and Ka bands with a minimum thickness of 0.098λ_(max)(λ_(max) is the maximum wavelength in the absorption band),and the fractional bandwidth(FBW)reaches 181.1%.Moreover,the reflection coefficient is less than-10 dB at 1.998 GHz–40.056 GHz at normal incidence,and the absorptivity of the plane wave is greater than 80%when the incident angle is smaller than 50°.Furthermore,the proposed absorber is experimentally validated,and the experimental results show good agreement with the simulation results,which demonstrates the potential applicability of this absorber at 2 GHz–40 GHz.

关键词： extra broadband physical model flexible metamaterial absorber multi-layer frequency selective surface

基于FAERS数据的莫诺拉韦安全性风险信号研究

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中国新药与临床杂志 2024年第2期43卷 155-160页

作者：巢艾伦胡骏上海市药品和医疗器械不良反应监测中心上海200040

目的基于上市后的药物警戒数据挖掘新型抗病毒药物莫诺拉韦相关不良事件的风险信号,为用药安全提供参考。方法收集2022年1季度至3季度美国食品和药物管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)中的莫诺拉韦相关药品不良事件(ADE)报告,采用《国际医... 详细信息

目的基于上市后的药物警戒数据挖掘新型抗病毒药物莫诺拉韦相关不良事件的风险信号,为用药安全提供参考。方法收集2022年1季度至3季度美国食品和药物管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)中的莫诺拉韦相关药品不良事件(ADE)报告,采用《国际医学用语词典》(MedDRA)的系统器官分类(SOC)和首选术语(PT)对ADE报告进行归纳、分析,利用报告比值比法及英国药品和保健品管理局的综合标准法挖掘莫诺拉韦安全性风险信号。结果从FAERS数据库中筛选出以莫诺拉韦为怀疑药物的报告共1968份,其中1743份报告含有不良事件,年龄主要分布于≥60岁(58.29%),报告者大部分为医疗专业人员(82.62%);共挖掘出66个PT层面的风险信号,涉及17个SOC。报告数排前6的PT均为莫诺拉韦说明书已提示,分别为腹泻、皮疹、恶心、呕吐、头晕、荨麻疹。皮肤及皮下组织类疾病中的大疱性皮炎、胃肠系统疾病中的出血和各类神经系统疾病中的晕厥、意识丧失等信号,未在莫诺拉韦说明书提示,目前证据尚不能完全排除和莫诺拉韦的关联性。未挖掘到致突变性、影响软骨和骨骼生长等较为关注的风险信号。结论莫诺拉韦安全性较好,挖掘到的排名靠前的风险信号大多为说明书中已知不良反应或肺炎的相关症状,建议临床使用莫诺拉韦时注意大疱性皮炎、胃肠道出血、晕厥、意识丧失等风险。

关键词：莫诺拉韦不良事件风险信号数据挖掘危险性评估

Functional genomics of Brassica napus:Progresses,challenges,and perspectives

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 484-509页

作者： Zengdong Tan Xu Han Cheng Dai Shaoping Lu Hanzi He Xuan Yao Peng Chen Chao Yang lun Zhao Qing-Yong Yang Jun Zou Jing Wen Dengfeng Hong Chao Liu Xianhong Ge Chuchuan Fan Bing Yi Chunyu Zhang Chaozhi Ma Kede Liu Jinxiong Shen Jinxing Tu Guangsheng Yang Tingdong Fu Liang Guo hu Zhao National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572025China

Brassica napus,commonly known as rapeseed or canola,is a major oil crop contributing over 13%to the stable supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide.Identification and understanding the gene functions in the B.napus genome is crucial for genomic breeding.A group of genes controlling agronomic traits have been successfully cloned through functional genomics studies in B.napus.In this review,we present an overview of the progress made in the functional genomics of B.napus,including the availability of germplasm resources,omics databases and cloned functional genes.Based on the current progress,we also highlight the main challenges and perspectives in this field.The advances in the functional genomics of B.napus contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the complex agronomic traits in B.napus and will expedite the breeding of high quality,high resistance and high yield in B.napus varieties.

关键词： accelerate breeding Brassica napus functional genomics high resistance high yield