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The influence of grazing and cultivation on runoff, soil erosion, and soil nutrient export in the central highlands of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 252-262页

作者： Zenebe Adimassu lulseged tamene Degefie TDegefie International Water Management Institute(IWMI) Addis AbabaEthiopia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Addis AbabaEthiopia Water and Land Resource Center Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Grazing by livestock and cultivation have been considered as two important causes of soil erosion and nutrient ***,there has been limited evidence that grazing or cultivation matters to soil erosion and nutrient export in ***,this study was conducted in the Galesa watershed in Ethiopia to examine the effects of grazing and cultivation on runoff,soil loss,and nutrient *** values of runoff,soil erosion,and nutrient outflow were measured for three consecutive years following standard *** t test was performed to check if the means of runoff,soil loss,and nutrient loss from grazing and cultivated lands were significantly ***,repeated analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to test if mean values of runoff,soil loss,and nutrient export varied significantly over the study ***:Although the average annual runoff depth was 7.8%higher in grazing land(GL),soil erosion was significantly lower(39%)in GL as compared to cultivated land(CL).Similarly,sediment and runoff-associated annual losses of total nitrogen(N),available phosphorus(P),exchangeable potassium(K),and organic carbon(OC)were low in the GL *** losses of total N(9.30 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),available P(0.83 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),and exchangeable K(1.84 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1))were recorded in GL ***,lowest losses of sediment-associated total N(32.8 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),available P(0.39 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),exchangeable K(0.23 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1)),and soil organic carbon(630 kg ha^(−1) year^(−1))were recorded from GL over the 3 years of ***:Our results indicate that cultivation increased soil erosion as compared to *** there were significant reductions in soil erosion and nutrient export from grazing lands compared with cultivated lands,the absolute losses were still *** implies the need for grazing land management using appropriate physical and biological erosion control

关键词： Cultivation Land degradation Runoff coefficient Soil erosion Soil nutrient export Tillage

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Sustainable land management interventions lead to carbon sequestration in plant biomass and soil in a mixed croplivestock system:the case of Geda watershed,central highlands of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 387-398页

作者： Hailu Terefe Mekuria Argaw lulseged tamene Kindu Mekonnen Center for Environmental Science College of Natural ScienceAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) P.O Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Sustainable land management interventions were introduced in Geda watershed in 2012 to reduce soil erosion,improve water infiltration,and increase plant-carbon inputs into the *** study explored the impact of the interventions on biomass production,carbon stock,and carbon *** sampling was employed in the main and the dry seasons in the treated and untreated sub-watersheds that are found adjacent to each ***-and below-ground plant biomass,soil bulk density and organic carbon in 0-15-and 15-30-cm depths,and soil moisture content in 0-20-and 20-40-cm depths were collected from the crop,grazing,and tree lucerne *** analyses were performed based on standard ***:Plant biomass production,carbon stock,and carbon sequestration varied highly significantly(P≤0.001)among sub-watersheds,landscape positions,and land *** mean values were observed for treated subwatershed,lower landscape position,and tree lucerne *** higher mean values in the lower landscape position of the treated sub-watershed were due to tree lucerne ***,topsoil(0-15 cm)carbon stock was statistically higher(P≤0.001)in the treated sub-watershed and at tree lucerne plot(P≤0.05).In addition,carbon stock by sub-surface soil(15-30 cm)was significantly higher(P≤0.001)in the treated sub-watershed under crop and grazing lands but the higher value was in cropland and in the upper *** could be due to the decomposition of organic materials from biomasses of crops and biological supporting measures(tree lucerne and Phalaris)facilitated by *** years of sustainable land management interventions led to the sequestration of 12.25,7.77,and 13.5 Mg C ha^(−1) under cropland,tree lucerne,and grazing plots,***:Sustainable land management interventions revealed auspicious ecological impacts in Geda watershed in terms of improving plant biomass production,carbon stock,and correspondingly capturing high

关键词： Carbon stock Landscape position Land use Plant biomass Sub-watershed

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Effects of land management practices and land cover types on soil loss and crop productivity in Ethiopia:A review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 544-554页

作者： Gizaw Desta lulseged tamene Wuletawu Abera Tilahun Amede Anthony Whitbread International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics(ICRISAT) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics(ICRISAT) ArushaTanzania

Identifying land management practices(LMPs)that enhance on-site sediment management and crop productivity is crucial for the prevention,reduction,and restoration of land degradation and contributing to achieving land degradation neutrality(LDN).We reviewed studies in Ethiopia to assess the effects of LMPs on soil loss(84 studies)and crop productivity(34 studies)relative to control *** variability on conserved lands was assessed using 12,796 fixed plot *** of LMP on soil loss were 0.5-55 t ha^(−1)y^(−1)compared to control practices yielding 50 to 140 t ha^(−1)y^(−1).More than 55%of soil loss records revealed soil loss less than the tolerable rate(10 t ha^(−1)).Area closure,perennial vegetation cover,agronomic practices,mechanical erosion control practices,annual cropland cover,and drainage groups of practices led to 74.0±18.3%,69.0±24.6%,66.2±30.5%,66.1±18.0%,63.5±20.0%,and 40±11,1%soil loss reduction,respectively.A yield increase of 25.2±15.0%,37.5±28.0%,and 75.4±85.0%was found from drainage,agronomy,and mechanical erosion control practices,*** average yield loss by erosion on fields without appropriate land management practice and on conserved fields was 26.5±26.0%and 25±3.7%,*** findings suggest that practices that entail a continuous presence of soil cover during the rainy season,perennial vegetation,retention of moisture,and barriers for sediment transport were most effective at decreasing soil loss and increasing *** review provides evidence to identify the best LMP practices for wider adoption and inform decision-making on LMP investments towards achieving sustainable solutions to reverse land degradation.

关键词： LMP practices Soil loss Crop yield Yield loss by erosion Ethiopia

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Assessing Soil Properties and Landforms in the Mai-Negus Catchment, Northern Ethiopia

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 745-759页

作者： Gebreyesus Brhane TESFAHUNEGN lulseged tamene Paul L.G.VLEK College of Agriculture Aksum University-Shire Campus Center for Development Research (ZEF) University of Bonn International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Chitedze Agricultural Research Station

Soil degradation is a serious environmental problem in Ethiopia. However, little information is documented on indicators such as variations in soil properties across different landforms in a catchment. This study was aimed to assess soil properties and their changes across sites with different erosion statuses, and identify landscape positions that require prior management attention in the Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. Three types of erosion-status sites(stable, eroding and aggrading) were identified using reconnaissance surveys, and then the corresponding soil samples were collected and analyzed. The major soil properties were significantly varied(P ≤ 0.05) among the three erosion-status sites. The highest soil p H, organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, iron and zinc were recorded from the aggrading sites in the reservoir and valley landforms of the study catchment. A higher bulk density was generally recorded in the eroding sites, whereas a lower value was observed in the aggrading sites. The highest sand content was observed in the eroding sites of the mountain followed by the central ridge landform. The paired mean difference and the correlation matrix of most soil properties between the different erosion statuses also showed significant differences. About 95% of the erosionstatus sites were correctly classified by the discriminant function, indicating that the field survey-based classification was acceptable for decision making. On the basis of this study, suitable interventions should thus be introduced to the prioritized landforms, which are the mountain and central ridge, and eroding sites with severely degraded soil properties across the catchment.

关键词：埃塞俄比亚土壤性质流域地貌评估阳离子交换量麦土壤退化土壤pH值

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Estimating landscape susceptibility to soil erosion using a GIS-based approach in Northern Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 221-230页

作者： lulseged tamene Zenebe Adimassu Ermias Aynekulu Tesfaye Yaekob International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Chitedze Agricultural Research StationP.O.Box 158LilongweMalawi International Water Management Institute(IWMI) PO.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia Agroforestry Center UN AvenueGigiriNairobiKenya Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) P.O.Box 2003Addis AbabaEthiopia

Soil erosion is a very critical form of land degradation resulting in the loss of soil nutrients and downstream sedimentation of water storages in the highlands of *** it is technically and financially impossible to conserve all landscapes affected by erosion,identification of priority areas of intervention is *** distributed erosion models can help map landscape susceptibility to erosion and identify high erosion risk *** of erosion models with geographic information systems(GIS)enables assessing evaluate the spatial variability of soil erosion and plan implementing conservation measures at landscape *** this study,the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation adjusted for sediment delivery ratio was used in a GIS system to assess landscape sensitivity to erosion and identify *** approach was applied in three catchments with size being 10–20 km^(2) and results were compared against quantitative and semi-quantitative *** model estimated mean soil loss rates of about 45 t ha^(−1) y^(−1) with an average variability of 30%between *** estimated soil loss rate is above the tolerable limit of 10 t ha^(−1) y^(−1).The model predicted high soil loss rates at steep slopes and shoulder positions as well as along *** results of the study demonstrate that knowledge of spatial patterns of high soil loss risk areas can help deploy site-specific conservation measures.

关键词： Revised universal soil loss equation Sediment delivery ratio Hot-spot areas Watershed Sediment deposition

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Awareness and adoption of land,soil and water conservation practices in the Chinyanja Triangle,Southern Africa

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 122-129页

作者： Nelson Mango Clifton Makate lulseged tamene Powell Mponela Gift Ndengu International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) c/o Kawanda Research StationP.O.Box 6247KampalaUganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.MP 228HarareZimbabwe International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) c/o Chitedze Agricultural Research StationP.O.Box 158LilongweMalawi

The promotion of land,soil and water conservation measures has been a widespread development in sub-Saharan Africa in a bid to tackle degradation and improve *** a result,several gov-ernments have launched various campaigns on soil,land and water conservation *** aim of this study is to determine some of the factors that influence farmers'awareness(knowledge)and adoption of land,soil and water conservation *** for this study was collected from 312 households using a questionnaire survey in the Chinyanja Triangle of Southern *** study *** sampled from Tete province of Mozambique,central and southern regions of Malawi and eastern Province of *** used t-tests to classify adopters and non-adopters of soil,land and water con-servation measures and binomial logit models to identify the factors that infuence farmers'knowledge of conservation measures and adoption of land productivity *** results show that the household head's age,education,agricultural advice reception and farmer group membership are critical in raising *** the household head's age,education,agricultural advice reception,farmer group membership,pieces of land owned or used in production and land-to-man ratio influenced adoption *** study,therefore,concludes that in order to improve land productivity in the Chinyanja Triangle,there is a need to consider farmers'heterogeneity in terms of household head's age,level of education,extension services outreach,and socio-economic char *** suggests that governments'policies in the region should be aimed at improving farmers'level of education,extension delivery that will target the elderly and the youth,land ownership,credit access,and social capital such as group formation.

关键词： Conservation Agriculture Awareness Adoption Chinyanja Triangle

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Competition for land resources:driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 333-347页

作者： Wuletaw Mekuria Kindu Mekonnen Peter Thorne Melkamu Bezabih lulseged tamene Wuletawu Abera Centre for Rural Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 5689 Addis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:Ethiopia has made efforts to tackle the challenges of low crop and livestock productivity and degradation of land resources through various rural development ***,increasing demands for food,animal feed,fuel,and income-generating activities are putting pressure on the *** this paper,we describe the production pressure and competition between crop and livestock production,quantify rates of land-use/cover(LULC)changes,and examine driving forces and consequences of land ***:The study was conducted in Gudo Beret watershed,North Shewa Zone of Amhara region,*** used a combination of methods including remote sensing,household interviews,field observations,focus group discussions,and key informant *** and unsupervised image classification methods were employed to map LULC classes for 31 years(1984–2016).Results:The results of satellite remote sensing revealed that 51%of the land in the study area was subject to accelerated land *** household survey results indicated that feed resources and grain production pressures were 1.43 and 1.34 t ha^(−1) *** observed annual changes in plantation and settlement areas were 2.6%and 2.9%.This was mainly at the expense of bushland and grazing land *** increased(0.4%year^(−1))while grazing land reduced(3.5%year^(−1))under contrasting dynamics and competitive *** increase in human and livestock populations and farm expansion were major drivers of land conversion that adversely affected household livelihoods and the natural *** consequences of these pressures resulted in a lack of animal feed,low crop-livestock productivity,and a reduction in natural vegetation ***:We suggest that sustainable land resource management,more integrated crop-livestock production,and the use of productivity-enhancing technologies could play a role in managing competition for land resources.

关键词： Cropland Land pressure Livestock Population growth Production dynamics

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Effects of sustainable land management interventions on selected soil properties in Geda watershed,central highlands of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 161-171页

作者： Hailu Terefe Mekuria Argaw lulseged tamene Kindu Mekonnen John Recha Dawit Solomon Center for Environmental Science College of Natural ScienceAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) P.O.Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) P.O.Box 30709Nairobi 00100Kenya

Background:Land degradation through soil erosion by water is severe in the highlands of *** order to curb this problem,the government initiated sustainable land management interventions in different parts of the country since 2008,and in Geda watershed since ***,the impacts of the interventions on soil properties were not assessed so ***,this study investigated the impacts of sustainable land management interventions on selected soil properties in Geda *** samples were collected from treated and untreated subwatersheds at the upper and lower landscape positions,from cropland and grazing lands at two soil depths(0-15 cm and 15-30 cm).Selected soil physicochemical properties were assessed with respect to landscape position,land-use type,and soil depth in both treated and untreated ***:Generally,most of the soil physicochemical properties differed greatly across sub-watersheds,land-use types,and soil ***,electrical conductivity,total N,available P,exchangeable K,and organic carbon were higher in the treated sub-watershed,whereas sand,silt,bulk density,and pH were higher in the untreated *** higher sand,silt,and bulk density could be attributed to erosion,while the higher pH could be due to the higher exchangeable Na in the untreated *** of the selected soil chemical properties were not affected by landscape position,but land-use type affected available P and organic carbon with higher mean values at croplands than at grazing lands,which could be ascribed to the conservation structure and tillage of the soils in that conservation structures trap and accumulate transported organic materials from the upper slope,while tillage facilitates aeration and decomposition ***:Sustainable land management interventions improved soil physicochemical properties and brought a positive restoration of the soil *** the soil conservation measures and enhancing communi

关键词： Crop–livestock system Land degradation Land-use type Sub-watershed Soil depth

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Performance of Farmland Terraces in Maintaining Soil Fertility： A Case of Lake Maybar Watershed in Wello, Northern Highlands of Ethiopia

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第11期6卷 1251-1261页

作者： Shimeles Damene lulseged tamene Paul L.G. Vlek Center for Development Research (ZEF) University of Bonn Bonn D-53113 Germany International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIA T) Chitedze Agricultural Research Station Lilongwe Malawi

Soil-erosion-induced land degradation is a great challenge in the Ethiopian highlands. Consequently, the government has invested in soil and water conservation measures to tackle the problem where farmland terracing is one of the commonly implemented measures in the country. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of farmland terracing in maintaining soil fertility and to evaluate its performance within a terrace, across terrace age and slope of terrain. The study was conducted in the Lake Maybar watershed in Wello, northern Ethiopia. Composite topsoil samples were collected from plots representing four slope categories across the terrain and three positions within a terrace. The samples were analyzed for selected soil physico-chemical properties and statistically tested using ANOVA (analysis of variance). The study revealed that soil pH (?pH [H2O] = 0.6), exchangeable K+ (?K+ = 0.33 cmol(+)/kg) and clay (9%) content significantly increased towards the lower terrain position. Unlike other studies, all soil properties except bulk density (? 0.40 g/cm3) showed non-significant differences within a terrace. Bench terrace formation reduced soil fertility gradients within a terrace for which it has been commented. Soil fertility also showed very slight change across terrace age, which indicates terracing reduced erosion-induced soil and nutrient loss. However, in order to optimize impact of farmland terracing on soil fertility maintenance, terracing should be complemented by fertility amendment considering site-specific conditions.

关键词：埃塞俄比亚土壤肥力梯田耕地性能高地流域地形坡度

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Yield stability and relationships among stability parameters in faba bean(Vicia faba L.) genotypes

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 258-268页

作者： tamene Temesgen Gemechu Keneni Tadese Sefera Mussa Jarso Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center P.O.Box 489 Asella Ethiopia Holetta Agricultural Research Center P.O.Box 2003 Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Sixteen faba bean genotypes were evaluated in 13 environments in Ethiopia during the main cropping season for three years(2009–2011). The objectives of the study were to evaluate the yield stability of the genotypes and the relative importance of different stability parameters for improving selection in faba bean. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications. G × E interaction and yield stability were estimated using 17 different stability parameters. Pooled analysis of variance for grain yield showed that the main effects of both genotypes and environments, and the interaction effect, were highly significant(P ≤ 0.001) and(P ≤ 0.01), respectively. The environment main effect accounted for 89.27% of the total yield variation, whereas genotype and G × E interaction effects accounted for 2.12% and 3.31%, *** superiority index(Pi) and FT3 were found to be very informative for selecting both high-yielding and stable faba bean genotypes. Twelve of the 17 stability parameters,including CVi, RS, α, λ, S2 di, bi, S(2)i, Wi, σ2i, EV, P59, and ASV, were influenced simultaneously by both yield and stability. They should accordingly be used as complementary criteria to select genotypes with high yield and stability. Although none of the varieties showed consistently superior performance across all environments, the genotype EK 01024-1-2ranked in the top third of the test entries in 61.5% of the test environments and was identified as the most stable genotype, with type I stability. EK 01024-1-2 also showed a17.0% seed size advantage over the standard varieties and was released as a new variety in2013 for wide production and named "Gora". Different stability parameters explained genotypic performance differently, irrespective of yield performance. It was accordingly concluded that assessment of G × E interaction and yield stability should not be based on a single or a few stability parameters but rather on a combinati

关键词： Faba bean G×E interaction Rank correlation Stability parameters Yield stability

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