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Effect of stress-dependent microannulus aperture on well leakage

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 1967-1976页

作者： Meng Meng luke p.Frash J.William Carey Mohamed Mehana Wenfeng Li Bailian Chen Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA

Debonding at the cement-casing interface is recognized as a principal failure mechanism leading to Co_(2) leakage in *** detachment gives rise to a microannulus,which notably possesses greater permeability than undamaged cement,undermining its sealing ***,the permeability of the microannulus is regarded as a uniform value throughout the ***,fundamentally,a microannulus is one type of fracture,and its gap or aperture size is affected by the effective *** this work,we developed a unique experimental *** equipment facilitates the curing of cement inside a steel casing,the formation of a microannulus between the casing and the cement,and the investigation of the fluid flow dynamics along the microannulus under laboratory-replicated in situ *** microannulus was formed by injecting fluid from one end of the setup,and receiving similar amount of fluid on the other end signified the development of the leakage ***,strain gauges affixed to the casing’s external surface yielded key information on the microannulus’s opening and *** observed a noticeable decline in microannulus hydraulic aperture(or permeability)in relation to effective stress and an exponential equation fits their *** findings also indicate a distinct behavior when comparing liquid Co_(2) with ***,it is easier for liquid Co_(2) to create the ***,the hydraulic aperture range for this microannulus(0.7-6 mm)is considerably smaller than that created by water flow(2-17 mm).Finally,we integrated the stressdependent microannulus aperture size into the combined analysis of well mechanical integrity and well *** outcomes consistently demonstrated that when factoring in the stress-dependent aperture sizes,the leakage rates are 3e5 times compared to a fixed aperture *** traditional assumption of a constant aperture significantly underestimates fluid leakage risks.

关键词： Microannulus Leakage assessment Aperture size Triaxial experiment Carbon sequestration

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Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： Sean p.Roach luke C.McLean Jeff W.MacLeod Leslie S.phillmore psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

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Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil J William Carey Meng Meng luke p.Frash philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porosityperhaps an underestimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

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Exploring hemp seed hull biomass for an integrated C-5 biorefinery:Xylose and activated carbon

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 310-321页

作者： Sreesha Malayil luke Loughran Frederik Mendoza Ulken Jagannadh Satyavolu Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of LouisvilleKentucky 40292United States Bioproducts LLC LouisvilleKentucky 40206United States RTI International Research Triangle ParkNC 27709United States

Large quantities of hemp hulls can be completely utilized for creation of value-added products (cost effective biofuels and biochemicals) through a biorefinery approach. A sustainable approach in making xylose, a low calorie sweetener and high surface area activated carbons (AC) for super capacitors, attracts interest. The AC when leveraged as a co-product from biorefinery process makes it more cost effective and, in this paper, we discuss the production of xylose and AC from hemp seed hull with methane sulphonic acid (MSA) hydrolysis. Xylose recovery with MSA hydrolysis was 25.15 g/L when compared to the traditional sulphuric acid (SA) hydrolysis of 19.96 g/L at the same acid loading of 1.8 %. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicate partial delignification along with hemicellulose hydrolysis responsible for high xylose recovery. post hydrolysis fibers were KoH activated and carbonized to make AC. The MSA hydrolyzed and KoH activated fiber produced pure, fluffier and finer particle AC with a drastic increase in surface area 1 452 m2/g when compared to SA hydrolyzed of 977 m2/g. These results indicate the potential of MSA in dilute acid hydrolysis of biomass for xylose recovery and production of high surface area activated carbon. From a production standpoint this can lead to increased use of sustainable low-cost agricultural biomass for making high surface area AC as components in supercapacitors.

关键词： Xylose C-5 biorefinery Methane sulphonic acid Delignification Activated carbon Dilute acid hydrolysis

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An advanced 2D/3D g-C_(3)N_(4)/Tio_(2)@Mno_(2) multifunctional membrane for sunlight-driven sustainable water purification

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2368-2380页

作者： Fan Yu Chunjia Luo Xiaohan Niu Min Chao pengfei Zhang luke Yan polymer Materials&Engineering Department School of Materials Science&EngineeringChang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment MOEChang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China School of Textile Science and Engineering Xi’an Polytechnic UniversityXi’an 710064China

Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets have attracted widespread interest in the construction of advanced separation ***,dense stacking and a single functionality have limited the membrane ***,an advanced two-/three-dimensional(2D/3D)g-C_(3)N_(4)/Tio_(2)@Mno_(2) membrane is constructed by intercalating 3D Tio_(2)@Mno_(2) nanostructures into g-C_(3)N_(4) *** 3D flower-like nanostructures broaden the transport channels of the composite *** membrane can effectively separate five oil-in-water(o/W)emulsions,with a maximum flux of 3265.67±15.01 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1) and a maximum efficiency of 99.69%±0.45%for toluene-in-water emulsion(T/W).Meanwhile,the Tio_(2)@Mno_(2) acts as an excellent electron acceptor and provides positive spatial separation of electrons–holes(e^(-)–h^(+)).The formation of 2D/3D heterojunctions allows the material with wider light absorption and smaller bandgap(2.10 eV).These photoelectric properties give the membrane good degradation of three different pollutants,with about 100%degradation for methylene blue(MB)and malachite green(MG).The photocatalytic antibacterial efficiency of the membrane is also about 100%.After cyclic experiment,the membrane maintains its original separation and photocatalytic *** remarkable multifunctional and self-cleaning properties of the g-C_(3)N_(4) based membrane represent its potential value for complex wastewater treatment.

关键词： graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))based membrane three-dimensional(3D)nanostructures self-cleaning multifunction

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A Vertex Network Model of Arabidopsis Leaf Growth

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 454-488页

作者： luke Andrejek Janet Best Ching-Shan Chou Aman Husbands Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Biology provides many examples of complex systems whose properties allow organisms to develop in a highly reproducible,or robust,*** such system is the growth and development of flat leaves in Arabidopsis *** mechanistically challenging process results from multiple inputs including gene interactions,cellular geometry,growth rates,and coordinated cell *** better understand how this complex genetic and cellular information controls leaf growth,we developed a mathematical model of flat leaf *** two-dimensional model describes the gene interactions in a vertex network of cells which grow and divide according to physical forces and genetic ***,the model predicts the presence of an unknown additional factor required for the formation of biologically realistic gene expression domains and iterative cell *** two-dimensional model will form the basis for future studies into robustness of adaxial-abaxial patterning.

关键词： Robustness Adaxial-abaxial patterning Mathematical modeling Gene regulatory networks(GRNs) Transcription factors Small RNAs

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Differential modulation of crown allometry and stem growth at gap edges in five European tree species by drought conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 618-631页

作者： luke Bohnhorst peter Biber Torben Hilmers Enno Uhl Hans pretzsch Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Bavarian State Institute of Forestry Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 185354FreisingGermany

Background In Central Europe,forests are increasingly affected by various disturbances,resulting in an increasing gap formation in the *** order to support goal-oriented management,more knowledge is required about the acclimation of the crown and its effects on the basal area growth of trees at the edge of a *** This work compared trees'growth and crown structure at the edge of a transient gap,with a gap size of more than 80m^(2),with trees in the stand that were at least 30m away from the gap.A total of 249 European beeches(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruces(picea abies ***),Scots pines(pinus sylvestris L.),oaks(Quercus spp.;Quercus petraea(Matt.)Liebl.,Quercus robur L.),and silver firs(Abies alba Mill.)were examined on long-term experimental plots in southern *** crown measures were developed and calculated using high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning(TLiDAR)to capture the three-dimensional crown *** responses to edge conditions were measured based on tree *** linear mixed models,we predict the basal area increment of edge trees relative to trees in the stand under wet and dry soil moisture conditions after the gap *** We identified i)species-specific acclimation of the crown of edge trees after the gap formation,ii)under wet soil moisture conditions a growth increase of 25%–45%for beech,pine,and oak edge trees and growth losses of 5%–60%for spruce and fir and iii)coniferous tree species benefited from the edge position regarding their basal area increment under dry soil moisture conditions and deciduous tree species grew regardless of the soil moisture conditions at the edge of a *** Gaps have a species-specific effect on the habitus and growth of edge trees and can have both positive and negative impacts on silviculture.

关键词： Canopy gaps Disturbance Growth TLiDAR Drought stress Crown structure Acclimation

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outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection in cirrhotic patients: First American cohort

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 784-790页

作者： Robert luke pecha Fares Ayoub Ankur patel Abdullah Muftah Michael W Wright Mai A Khalaf Mohamed o othman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UC DavisSacramentoCA 95817United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Internal Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTX 77550United States Medical School Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Tropical Medicine Tanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

BACKGRoUND Among patients with cirrhosis and pre-malignant or early malignant mucosal lesions,surgical intervention carries a much higher bleeding *** such lesions are discovered,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)may offer curative therapy with lower risks than surgery and improved outcomes compared to traditional endoscopic *** To evaluate the outcomes of ESD in patients with *** patients with cirrhosis undergoing ESD between July 2015 and August 2022 were retrospectively matched in 1:2 fashion to controls based on lesion location,size,and anticoagulation *** outcomes were compared between *** A total of 64 Lesions from 59 patients were included(16 cirrhosis,43 control).There were no differences in patient or lesion characteristics between *** bloc and curative resection was achieved in 84.21%,78.94%of the cirrhosis group and 88.89%,68.89%of controls,respectively,with no significant *** patients had significantly higher rates of intra-procedural coagulation grasper use for control of bleeding(47.37%vs 20%;p=0.02).There were otherwise no significant differences in adverse event *** the 29 patients with follow up,we found higher rates of recurrence in the cirrhosis group compared to controls(40%vs 5.26%;p=0.019),however this effect did not persist on multivariable analysis controlling for known *** ESD may be safe and effective in patients with *** procedure related outcomes were not significantly different between ***-procedural bleeding requiring use of the coagulation grasper use was expectedly higher in the cirrhosis group given the known effects of liver disease on hemostasis.

关键词： Endoscopic aubmucosal dissection Cirrhosis Advanced polypectomy Intraprocedural bleeding Colon cancer

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Design of Resilient Sensor Networks Balancing Resilience and Efficiency

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 107-115页

作者： Sergey N.Vecherin Kiril D.Ratmanski luke Hogewood Igor Linkov Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterHanoverNH 03755USA Environmental Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterVicksburgMS 39180USA

In recent years,the notion of resilience has been developed and applied in many technical areas,becoming exceptionally pertinent to disaster risk *** a disaster situation,accurate sensing information is the key to efficient recovery *** general,resilience aims to minimize the impact of disruptions to systems through the fast recovery of critical functionality,but resilient design may require redundancy and could increase *** this article,we describe a method based on binary linear programming for sensor network design balancing efficiency with *** application of the developed framework is demonstrated for the case of interior building surveillance utilizing infrared sensors in both twoand three-dimensional *** method provides optimal sensor placement,taking into account critical functionality and a desired level of resilience and considering sensor type and *** problem formulation,resilience requirements,and application of the optimization algorithm are described in *** of sensor locations with and without resilience requirements shows that resilient configuration requires redundancy in number of sensors and their intelligent *** tasks are successfully solved by the described method,which can be applied to strengthen the resilience of sensor networks by *** proposed methodology is suitable for large-scale optimization problems with many sensors and extensive coverage areas.

关键词： Binary linear programming optimal sensor placement Redundant networks Resilience and efciency Resilient sensor networks

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High-yield and rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles by flocculation via orbital acoustic trapping:FLoAT

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 313-323页

作者： Joseph Rufo peiran Zhang Zeyu Wang Yuyang Gu Kaichun Yang Joseph Rich Chuyi Chen Ruoyu Zhong Ke Jin Ye He Jianping Xia Ke Li Jiarong Wu Yingshi ouyang Yoel Sadovsky luke p.Lee Tony Jun Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of obstetrics Gynecologyand Reproductive SciencesMagee-Womens Research InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Biophysics Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have been identified as promising biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of various ***,challenges in separating EVs from soluble proteins have resulted in variable EV recovery rates and low ***,we report a high-yield(>90%)and rapid(olation method called FLocculation via orbital Acoustic Trapping(FLoAT).The FLoAT approach utilizes an acoustofluidic droplet centrifuge to rotate and controllably heat liquid *** adding a thermoresponsive polymer flocculant,nanoparticles as small as 20 nm can be rapidly and selectively concentrated at the center of the *** demonstrate the ability of FLoAT to separate urinary EVs from the highly abundant Tamm-Horsfall protein,addressing a significant obstacle in the development of EV-based liquid *** to its high-yield nature,FLoAT reduces biofluid starting volume requirements by a factor of 100(from 20 mL to 200µL),demonstrating its promising potential in point-of-care diagnostics.

关键词： trapping utilize separating

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