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Sludge thickening in a wastewater treatment plant using a modified hydrocyclone

Carbon Resources Conversion 2021年第1期4卷 132-141页

作者： Thomas Senfter lukas fritsch Manuel Berger Tobias Kofler Christian Mayerl Martin Pillei Michael Kraxner Dept.of Environmental Process&Energy EngineeringMCI-The Entrepreneurial SchoolAustria

The main application of hydrocyclones in most industry sectors is the separation of particles from *** thickening,however,the separation properties of the cyclone should be adjustable,which requires a different operating ***,we investigated an add-on thickening module,consisting of a conical plug and a secondary vortex finder in the underflow of the *** scale experiments are carried out to investigate the function of the concept of annular gap modification by the use of the thickening *** the second step,we transferred this concept to industrial scale for field tests at a municipal wastewater treatment *** the field tests,geometrical properties(annular gap modification)and operational parameters(volume flow rate,sludge type)were *** results show that thickening in terms of increasing the total solids content of sludge is possible with the modified *** the field tests,a thickening factor(total solids content of thickened sludge related to feed sludge)of 1.31(average)was reached for digested ***,a hydrocyclone could be a promising addition in wastewater treatment plants for dewatering of sludge.

关键词： Hydrocyclone Sludge thickening Dewatering Wastewater treatment Process optimization

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Scalable high-repetition-rate sub-half-cycle terahertz pulses from spatially indirect interband transitions

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1304-1311页

作者： Christian Meineke Michael Prager Johannes Hayes Qiannan Wen lukas Zheyi Kastner Dieter Schuh Kilian fritsch Oleg Pronin Markus Stein Felix Schafer Sangam Chatterjee Mackillo Kira Rupert Huber Dominique Bougeard Department of Physics University of Regensburg93040 RegensburgGermany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMl 48109USA Faculty of Electrical Engineering Helmut Schmidt University22043 HamburgGermany Institute of Experimental Physics I Justus Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany

Intense phase-locked terahertz(THz)pulses are the bedrock of THz lightwave electronics,where the carrier field creates a transient bias to control electrons on sub-cycle time *** applications such as THz scanning tunnelling microscopy or electronic devices operating at optical clock rates call for ultimately short,almost unipolar waveforms,at megahertz(MHz)repetition ***,we present a flexible and scalable scheme for the generation of strong phase-locked THz pulses based on shift currents in type-ll-aligned epitaxial semiconductor *** measured THz waveforms exhibit only 0.45 optical cycles at their centre frequency within the full width at half maximum of the intensity envelope,peak fields above 1.1 kVcm^(-1) and spectral components up to the mid-infrared,at a repetition rate of 4 *** only positive half-cycle of this waveform exceeds all negative half-cycles by almost four times,which is unexpected from shift currents *** detailed analysis reveals that local charging dynamics induces the pronounced positive THz-emission peak as electrons and holes approach charge neutrality after separation by the optical pump pulse,also enabling ultrabroadband *** unipolar emitters mark a milestone for flexibly scalable,next-generation high-repetition-rate sources of intense and strongly asymmetric electric field transients.

关键词： pump repetition cycle

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