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Redefining Commercial Bus Models in Brazil

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第5期6卷 557-573页

作者： Artur Carlos de Morais Maria luiza Bastos da Silva e Galindo Heitor Pereira do Nascimento Wilier Luciano Carvalho Marcos Fleming Balieiro Alves and Joaquim Jose Guilherme de Aragao

Currently, Brazilian buses are divided in three categories： city buses, intercity buses and coaches. That categorization results from the understanding that citizens only need to move around urban perimeters. However, the current bus models available do not fully meet legal demands or cater for all of society＇s demands. Rural workers and students that live in rural areas also must be conveyed in buses and minibuses. Municipal and state directives prohibit employers to convey them in improper vehicles, such as trucks. Social demands, on the other hand, can be i[llustrated by federal and state programs that provide vehicles to transport students who dwell in rural settings. Accordingly, this paper proposes a new categorization of bus models available in the Brazilian market, which should account for the unique local operating conditions rural buses face, instead of only considering the type of service they provide. Further, a purpose-built vehicle is suggested i[n order to cater for the needs of rural workers and students. Rural students represent, in average, five million rural school bus riders.

关键词： Bus models rural matters rural vehicle category.

Histopathological Analysis about Autopsies from HIV/AIDS Patients—About Two Decades of Research Comparing Results before and after Antiretroviral Therapy Advent

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第3期3卷 207-215页

作者： Aline Domingos Pinto Ruppert Alexandre de Matos Soeiro Maria Carolina Fde Almeida Vera luiza Capelozzi Carlos VSerrano Jr Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo Medical SchoolSao PauloBrazil Heart Institute University of Sao Paulo Medical SchoolSao PauloBrazil

Objectives: This study considers 489 autopsies of HIV/AIDS patients who died from acute respiratory failure and describes the demographic data, etiology, and histological pulmonary findings of HIV associated diseases, comparing results before and after introduction of antiretroviral therapy. Methods: The following data were obtained: age, sex, and major associated diseases (found at the autopsy). Pulmonary histopathology was categorized as: diffuse alveolar damage;pulmonary edema;alveolar hemorrhage;and acute interstitial pneumonia. Odds ratio of the HIV/AIDS-associated diseases developing a specific histopathological pattern was determined by logistic regression. Results: A total of 355 men were studied. The mean age was 37 years old. Bronchopneumonia presented in 43% and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in 38% of patients. Pulmonary histopathology showed diffuse alveolar damage in 31% and acute interstitial pneumonia in 23%. The multivariate analysis showed a significant and positive association between diffuse alveolar damage with disseminated tuberculosis, cirrhosis and sepsis;and acute interstitial pneumonia with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and cytomegalovirosis. After the introduction of antiretroviral therapy we observed an increase in the prevalence of bacterial bronchopneumonia, sepsis and cirrhosis;and a decrease in Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and cytomegalovirosis. Conclusions: Coherent to literature, this study showed a decrease of respiratory failure mortality associated with some opportunistic infections after antiretroviral therapy introduction. But an increased prevalence of sepsis, bronchopneumonia and sepsis was observed too. The most prevalent pulmonary histopathological pattern was diffuse alveolar damage, which suggested a positive association with disseminated tuberculosis, sepsis and cirrhosis.

关键词： AIDS Acute Respiratory Failure Pathology

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巴黎协定促进或阻碍一带一路基础设施建设

巴黎协定促进或阻碍一带一路基础设施建设

作者：爱莲娜（Zus Elena luiza）哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

本文的重点是尚未充分研究的主题,即中国的旗舰国际项目“一带一路”倡议与联合国的《巴黎协定》。本研究提出了一种综合方法,涉及两个不同领域的主题——全球基础设施发展战略项目和全球环境保护框架约束性文件——并从跨学科的角度对... 详细信息

本文的重点是尚未充分研究的主题,即中国的旗舰国际项目“一带一路”倡议与联合国的《巴黎协定》。本研究提出了一种综合方法,涉及两个不同领域的主题——全球基础设施发展战略项目和全球环境保护框架约束性文件——并从跨学科的角度对其进行分析。这两个主题的共同基础都与国际合作、全球治理、区域间的连通性、资源的保存和整体发展有关,所有这些都是在可持续发展的前提下进行的。所选主题的理论意义在于两个概念的主干:“一带一路”倡议和“巴黎协定”。前者与丝绸之路以及社会和经济发展历史中的一切都息息相关。后者是继续在《协定》中体现的众多国际法特殊性。本文的研究结果揭示了该研究课题的实际意义,对“一带一路”倡议和《巴黎协定》的意义将是重大的,涉及前所未有的合作,创新和文化支持。主要研究内容遵循简单而连贯的结构,围绕对“一带一路”倡议和“巴黎协定”这两个主要概念的详尽说明进行解释;其次是当他们的目标被视为一个共同的目标时,这两个目标相互交织的各个方面对他们的成功产生影响。本研究基于理论和概念,这些理论和概念将被提出来形成另一个理论:“一带一路”基础设施建设中实施的新技术及其二次利用将有助于实现“巴黎协定”的目标。主要研究方法是二次研究,扎根理论和定性研。由于该主题的新颖性,相关领域(针对“一带一路”倡议和《巴黎协定》)的具体文献较为缺乏。“一带一路”倡议和《巴黎协定》都处于实施阶段,因此其实施步骤、效果和影响已具有大量研究。目前尚无任何针对主题的最终、全面而详尽的论文,并且很可能要等到两个项目都完全实施或它们开始产生可衡量的效果时才会有.设置和解释了研究的主要问题,以便最终得出结论,即只有在“一带一路”倡议涉及的国家愿意的情况下,《巴黎协定》才能实现其既定目标。合作并为实现该目标做出改进。与第一个结论密切相关的第二个结论是,只有实践《巴黎协定》的规定,才能实现“一带一路”合作和改善所有有关国家乃至生活的最终愿望.

关键词： “一带一路”倡议基础设施《巴黎协定》可持续发展环境

Pediatric functional constipation treatment with Bifi dobacterium-containing yogurt:A crossover,double-blind,controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第34期17卷 3916-3921页

作者： Paula VP Guerra luiza N Lima Tassia C Souza Vanessa Mazochi Francisco J Penna Andreia M Silva Jacques R Nicoli Elizabet V Guimares Departamento de Pediatria Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Departamento de Micro-biologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federalde Minas Gerais32270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Andreia M Silva Universidade Federal deSo Joo del Rei Campus de Sete Lagoas35701-970 So Joodel Rey MG Brazil

AIM: To evaluate the treatment of pediatric functional chronic intestinal constipation (FCIC) with a probiotic goat yogurt. METHODS: A crossover double-blind formula-controlled trial was carried out on 59 students (age range: 5-15 years) of a public school in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, presenting a FCIC diagnostic, according to Roma Ⅲ criteria. The students were randomized in two groups to receive a goat yogurt supplemented with 109 colony forming unit/mL Bifidobacterium longum (***) (probiotic) daily or only the yogurt for a period of 5 wk (formula). Afterwards, the groups were intercrossed for another 5 wk. Defecation frequency, stool consistency and abdominal and defecation pain were ***: Both treatment groups demonstrated improvement in defecation frequency compared to baseline. However, the group treated with probiotic showed most signif icant improvement in the f irst phase of the study. An inversion was observed after crossing over, resulting in a reduction in stool frequency when this group was treated by formula. Probiotic and formula improved stool consistency in the f irst phase of treatment, but the improvement obtained with probiotic was significantly higher (P = 0.03). In the second phase of treatment, the group initially treated with probiotic showed worseningstool consistency when using formula. However, the difference was not signif icant. A signif icant improvement in abdominal pain and defecation pain was observed with both probiotic and formula in the first phase of treatment, but again the improvement was more signif icant for the group treated with B. longum during phase I (P < 0.05). When all data of the crossover study were analyzed, significant differences were observed between probiotic yogurt and yogurt only for defecation frequency (P = 0.012), defecation pain (P = 0.046) and abdominal pain (P = 0.015).

关键词： Functional chronic constipation Probiotic Bifi dobacterium longum Yogurt Adolescents Children

Antinecrotic and Antiapoptotic Effects of Different Concentrations of Copaiferalangsdorffii Essential Oil in Macrophages and Lymphocytes of Mice

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第8期3卷 659-665页

作者： Marcelo Bettega Lucas Wagner Gortz luiza Fernanda Schier Aniele Cristine Ott Clemente Osvaldo Malafaia Claudia do Carmo Consuelo Ota Department of Medical Research Faculdade Evangdlicado Parana Evangelical University of Paran6 Curitiba Paran6 80240050Brazil

Purpose： to evaluate the in vitro influence of Copaiferalangsdorffii essential oil on the antinecrotic activity in macrophages, and on the antiapoptotic activity in macrophages and lymphocytes of Swiss mice. Methods： lymphocytes and macrophages were obtained from ten 60-day-old male mice weighing 42-45 g, and then cultured in 24-well plates. Cells were treated with concentrations of 2%, 5%, 10% and 20% of oil from Copaiferalangsdorffii before or after induction of apoptosis with ultraviolet light. We used positive and negative controls. Hoechst staining was performed, and then images of cells under fluorescence microscope were captured and digitalized. We used Image J_1.46o to quantify the fluorescence intensity/brightness of condensation of the chromatin ofapoptotic cells. We used one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni＇s and Tukey＇s multiple comparison tests. Results are expressed as the means of relative densities after adjustment and 95% confidence intervals; P 〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results： oil from Copaiferalangsdorffii at different concentrations has decreased necrosis and apoptosis of both lymphocytes and macrophages from mice, when compared to C＋（all P 〈 0.05）. Discussion： Copaiferalangsdorffii is typically Brazilian and found in the Amazon region, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic effects due to its oil compounds, such as xyloglucans and kaurenoic acid. Its potential therapeutical usage was demonstrated in a national study. The present study showed that its oil has significant in vitro antiapoptotic and antinecrotic activity and it should be tested experimentally in vivo.

关键词： Necrosis apoptosis tropical tree species phytopharmacology.

Role of the phase angle in the prognosis of the cirrhotic patient:15 years of follow-up

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World Journal of Methodology 2023年第4期13卷 238-247页

作者： Letícia Pereira Pinto Claudio Augusto Marroni Juliana Czermainski Maria luiza Fernandes Dahlem Randhall B Carteri Sabrina Alves Fernandes Department of Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 91540-000Brazil Department of Nutrition Centro Universitário Metodista IPAPorto Alegre 90420-060Brazil Department of Nutrition Centro Universitário CesucaCachoerinha 94935-630Brazil

BACKGROUND In 2019,cirrhosis accounted for 2.4%of global *** projection for 2030 is an increase in this *** recent years,hospitalization costs have escalated by 36%for compensated cirrhosis and 24%for decompensated ***,it is necessary to identify a tool capable of predicting the mortality of these patients according to their clinical condition and consequently extending their survival *** studies have shown that the phase angle(PA)can be a feasible method in clinical practice,with the potential to guide assertive patient management in the therapeutic of chronic liver *** To evaluate the prognostic role of PA in cirrhotic patients over a 15-year followup *** Retrospective cohort study with 129 cirrhotic patients of both sexes over 18 years *** of cirrhosis by liver *** first year of data collection was 2007,and data regarding outcomes was collected in *** were gathered from medical records,such as esophageal varices(EV),EV bleeding,ascites,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP),encephalopathy,laboratory findings and *** cut-off value for the PA was 5.4°,a value described in 2012 by Fernandes et al for 129 patients evaluated in this study and the cut-off points for the Brazilian population presented in percentiles(P),as described by Mattiello et *** mortality was assessed using the PA percentile through Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate binary logistic regression *** Patients were divided into two groups according to the PA 5.4th(PA>5.4°,n=40;PA≤5.4°,n=89)PA percentile(

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Phase angle Prognosis Liver transplantation Electrical bioimpedance

Hepatic encephalopathy:Lessons from preclinical studies

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第2期11卷 173-185页

作者： luiza Cioglia Dias Lima Aline Silva Miranda Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira Milene Alvarenga Rachid Ana Cristina Sim?es e Silva Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG) Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUFMG Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investiga??o Médica Faculdade de MedicinaUFMG

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a major complication that is closely related to the progression of end-stage liver *** changes in advanced liver failure can promote cognition impairment,attention deficits and motor dysfunction that may result in coma and *** can be subdivided according to the type of hepatic injury,namely,type A,which results from acute liver failure,type B,which is associated with a portosystemic shunting without intrinsic liver disease,and type C,which is due to chronic liver *** studies have investigated the pathogenesis of the disease,and most of the mechanisms have been explored using animal *** article aimed to review the use of preclinical models to investigate *** most used animal species are rats and *** models of type A HE include surgical procedures and the administration of hepatotoxic medications,whereas models of types B and C HE are generally surgically induced lesions in liver tissue,which evolve to hepatic *** models have allowed the comprehension of the pathways related to HE.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Preclinical studies Hepatic cirrhosis Neuroinflammation Hyperammonemia

Neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma expressing somatostatin: A highly malignant, rare tumor

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第24期12卷 3944-3947页

作者： Jaques Waisberg Leandro Luongo de Matos Ana Maria do Amaral Antonio Mader Sérgio Pezzolo Esmeralda Miristene Eher Vera luiza Capelozzi Manlio Basilio Speranzini Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine of ABC Santo AndréBrazil Faculty of Medicine of ABC Santo André S(a|~)o PauloBrazil Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine of ABC Santo AndréBrazil Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine S(a|~)o Paulo UniversityBrazil

Poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas, although rare, deserve particular attention, as they are aggressive and have an extremely poor prognosis. In this report we describe a gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma with rapidly fatal outcome. Immunohistological staining of the resected specimens revealed that the tumor was an endocrine carcinoma. The tumor disclosed intense immunoreactivity to pan-neuroendocrine markers and diffuse somatostatin immunoreactivity. There were no psammoma bodies and no demonstrable association with yon Recklinghausen＇s neurofibromatosis. In the gastrointestinal tract, neuroendocrine tumors producing predominantly somatostatin have been described only in the duodenum. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the second case report of a neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma expressing diffusely somatostatin as the only neuroendocrine regulatory peptide.

关键词： Neuroendocrine carcinoma Neuroendocrinetumors Carcinoid Stomach neoplasms Somatostatin Immunohistochemistry Tumor markers Enterochromaffin-like cells

The Action of p-Synephrine on Lipid Metabolism in the Perfused Rat Liver

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第5期5卷 8-21页

作者： Juliany Fontoura da Silva-Pereira Andrea luiza de Oliveira Valoto Livia Bracht Geferson de Almeida Goncalves Rosane Marina Peralta Adelar Bracht Department of Biochemistry University of MaringaMaringaBrazil Faculdade Integrado Campo MouraoBrazil

p-synephrine and p-octopamine were found to increase lipolysis in adipocytes. The present study approaches the question if these compounds, natural products of the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium fruit), increase lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver. Experiments were done in the perfused rat liver. Non-recirculating hemoglobin-free perfusion was done using the Krebs/ Henseleit-bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) as perfusion fluid. Both p-synephrine and p-octopamine, at the concentrations of 100 μM, were found to stimulate the hepatic triacylglycerol lipase by 40% and 51%, respectively. These seem to be the maximal stimulations possible in the liver. In the perfused liver, p-synephrine, when present at an initial concentration of 500 μM, was able to increase the non-esterified fatty acid release after one hour of recirculating perfusion. The effects of p-synephrine on the oxidation of exogenously supplied [1-14C]octanoate and [1-14C]oleate were minimal. Only oxygen uptake, already stimulated by octanoate or oleate, was additionally increased by the infusion of p-synephrine. These results contrast with those obtained in a previous study with p-octopamine, which increased the production of 14CO2 from both [1-14C]octanoate and [1-14C]oleate. Apparently only the oxidation of endogenous fatty acids is stimulated by p-synephrine. On the other hand, both p-synephrine and p-octopamine stimulate the hepatic triacylglycerol lipase to a much lesser extent than the adipocyte lipase. It can be concluded that p-synephrine affects much more carbohydrate metabolism in the liver than lipid metabolism.

关键词： Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Lipolysis Fatty Acid Release Fatty Acid Oxidation