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Litter production and leaf nutrient concentration and remobilization in response to climate seasonality in the central Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 131-141页

作者： ricardo Antonio Marenco Saul Alfredo Antezana-Vera daniela Pereira Dias luiz Antonio Candido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia Coordenagao de Uso da Terra e Mudanca ClimaticaAv.Andre Araujo 2936ManausAM69067-375Brazil Programa de pos-Graduagao em Agricultura no Tropico Umido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia-INPAManausAMBrazil Unidade Academica de Ciencias Agrarias Universidade Federal de JataiBR 364km 195JataiGO 75801-615Brazil

Litterfall is the largest source of nutrients to for-est soils of tropical ***,variability in lit-terfall production,nutrient remobilization,and changes in leaf nutrient concentration with climate seasonality remain largely unknown for the central *** study meas-ured litterfall production,leaf nutrient remobilization,and leaf area index on a forest plateau in the central *** was measured at monthly intervals during 2014,while nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and mag-nesium concentrations of leaf litter and canopy leaves were measured in the dry and rainy seasons,and remobilization rates *** area index was also recorded in the dry and rainy *** litterfall varied from 33.2(in the rainy season)to 87.6 g m^(-2) in the dry season,while leaf area index increased slightly in the rainy *** seasonality had no effect on concentrations of nitrogen,calcium,and magnesium,whereas phosphorous and potassium responded to rainfall seasonality *** phosphorous increased,potassium decreased during the dry *** seasons,nitrogen,potassium,and phosphorous decreased in leaf litter;calcium increased in leaf litter,while magnesium remained unaffected with leaf ***,the five nutrients had similar remobilization rates over the *** absence of climate seasonality on nutrient remobilization suggests that the current length of the dry season does not alter nutrient remobilization rates but this may change as dry periods become more prolonged in the future due to climate change.

关键词： Throughfall Nutrient cycling Climatic seasonality Leaf mass per area

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The effect of abiotic stresses on plant C:N:P homeostasis and their mitigation by silicon

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 340-353页

作者： Milton Garcia costa Renato de Mello Prado luiz Fabiano Palaretti Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior Department of Agricultural Production Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesSão Paulo State UniversityJaboticabalBrazil

In crop plants, various environmental stresses affect the balance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus(C:N:P), leading to biochemical and physiological alterations and reductions in yield. Silicon(Si) is a beneficial element that alleviates plant stress. Most studies involving silicon have focused on physiological responses, such as improvements in photosynthetic processes, water use efficiency, and antioxidant defense systems. But recent research suggests that stressed plants facing either limited or excessive resources(water, light, nutrients, and toxic elements), strategically employ Si to maintain C:N:P homeostasis, thereby minimizing biomass losses. Understanding the role of Si in mitigating the impact of abiotic stresses on plants by regulating C:N:P homeostasis holds great potential for advancing sustainable agricultural practices in crop production. This review presents recent advances in characterizing the influence of environmental stresses on C:N:P homeostasis, as well as the role of Si in preserving C:N:P equilibrium and attenuating biological damage associated with abiotic stress. It underscores the beneficial effects of Si in sustaining C:N:P homeostasis and increasing yield via improved nutritional efficiency and stress mitigation.

关键词： Nutritional stoichiometry Elemental stoichiometry Beneficial element Environmental stresses Nutritional efficiency Carbon use efficiency Agricultural sustainability

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Extreme drought triggers parallel shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits in upper treeline of the Mediterranean Andes

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Ecological Processes 2024年第01期13卷 132-143页

作者： luiz Santini Jr. Dylan Craven daigard ricardo Ortega Rodriguez Manolo Trindade Quintilhan Stephanie Gibson-Carpintero Cristina Aravena Torres Fidel A.Roig Ariel A.Mu?oz Alejandro Venegas-Gonzalez Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Universidad Mayor GEMA Center for Genomics Ecology and Environment Universidad Mayor data Observatory Foundation ANID Technology Center Depart-ment of Forest Sciences ESALQ-University of Sao Paulo Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Argentine Institute of Nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICET ) Institute of Geography Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) Universidad de O'Higgins

Background Treeline ecotones of Mediterranean ecoregions have been affected by the increasing intensity and severity of droughts. Even though the effect of droughts on forest dynamics has been widely documented, knowledge is relatively scarce of how extreme climate episodes affect the hydraulic structure and, therefore, the phys-iology of woody plants. The Mediterranean Andes have experienced an uninterrupted period of drought since 2010, including an extremely dry year in 2019 with approximately 80% rainfall deficit. Here, we investigated shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits of Kageneckia angustifolia, an endemic treeline species, in response to this drought *** We evaluated the xylem plasticity of three K. angustifolia populations across their natural distribution(31–35° SL) based on anatomical(vessel structure and distribution) and physiological(intrinsic water-use efficiency) variables in the tree rings. We focused on the period 2000–2020 that corresponds to before the megadrought(2000–2007),(ii) megadrought(2008–2018) and(iii) hyperdrought(2019–2020). The variables were annualized and analyzed by linear mixed-effects *** Our results provide insights to the anatomical and physiological mechanisms underlying the resilience of treeline forests to persistent droughts in central Chile. We found that the extreme drought in 2019–2020 triggered shifts in vessel size and frequency that increased hydraulic safety. These significant shifts in vessel traits occurred in parallel with a decrease in pit aperture area and an increase in water-use efficiency, further increasing the resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme drought *** Our results revealed coordinated shifts in vessel size and frequency and water-use efficiency in response to the megadrought, thereby reducing vulnerability to hydraulic failure. The apparent resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme droughts suggests that this adaptation to drought stress may incre

关键词： Dendro-anatomy Kageneckia angustifolia Xylem vulnerability Drought Climate change

香椿的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为的相互关系:对树轮学研究的警示

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 165-171页

作者： Monique Silva costa Thaís Jorge de vasconcellos Claudio Sergio Lisi Arno Fritz Neves Brandes Mario Tomazello-Filho Cátia Henriques Callado Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Barão de Itapagipe96.Rio Comprido 20261-005Rio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua São Francisco Xavier524Maracanã20550-013Rio de JaneiroBrazil Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de SergipeAv.Marechal Rondon s/n-Rosa Elze.São Cristóvão 49100-000SergipeBrazil Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal FluminenseRua Prof.Marcos Waldemar de Freitas ReisS/N.Gragoatá24210-201Rio de JaneiroBrazil Escola Superior de Agricultura luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11.Piracicaba 13418-900São PauloBrazil

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(Cedrela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的... 详细信息

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(Cedrela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为相关联。总体而言,生殖结构的发育发生在湿润的年份,在生长季初期没有出现水分亏缺。然而,在这些年份,树木年轮宽度较小。这些结果可能与树木年轮宽度与当地气候之间缺乏相关性有关。因此,我们强调在径向生长研究中纳入生殖数据的重要性,以扩大对热带森林生长变异性的理解。

关键词：植物生长策略树木年轮学树木生态学生殖权衡

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease in a Brazilian Amazon Cohort

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第6期14卷 287-302页

作者： Jose Tadeu Colares Monteiro Adriana Rodrigues Barretto Ruan Seguin Azevedo Quaresma Bianca Miranda Gouveia Ismari Perini Furlaneto Victória Menezes da costa Yan Corrêa Rodrigues Layana Rufino Ribeiro ricardo J. de Paula Souza e Guimarães Alex Brito Souza Ana Roberta Fusco da costa Karla Valéria Batista Lima Joao de Barros Barreto University Hospital Federal University of Par Belm Brazil Center for Biological and Health Sciences Ph.D. Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon Region (PPGBPA) State University of Par (UEPA) Belm Brazil Department of Medicine Centro Universitrio do Par CESUPA Belm Brazil Bacteriology and Mycology Section Evandro Chagas Institute (SABMI/IEC) Ministry of Health Ananindeua Brazil Geoprocessing Laboratory Evandro Chagas Institute/SVSA/MS Ananineua Brazil

The incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MACPD) has been globally increasing. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics and treatment response among patients in the Amazon region of Brazil and conduct a retrospective cohort study at a prominent referral hospital in the State of Par, Brazil, from 2012 to 2020. The M. avium group represented 58.9% of cases, followed by M. intracellulare (35.7%), M. colombiense (3.6%), and M. chimaera (1.8%). The majority of patients (73.2%) were female and with an average age of 63 years. Primary clinical manifestations included persistent cough and sputum production. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) averaged 2.47, with 36.3% of patients having a CCI score equal to higher than 3. Notably, over 70% of patients had received treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis before initiating treatment for MAC infection. The fibrocavitary radiologic form was the most prevalent (55.4%), frequently exhibiting a bilateral distribution (53.6%). Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed a significant prevalence of MAC resistance to drugs in the therapeutic regimen. Despite this, most of the patients experienced clinical improvement (50%). In conclusion, this study highlights a higher prevalence of MAC infections among middle-aged women, with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and presenting the fibrocavitary radiological form was predominant.

关键词： MACDP Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Mycobacterium avium Lung Disease

Insights into the origin of precipitation moisture for tropical cyclones during rapid intensification process

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TROPICAL CYCLONE RESEARCH AND REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 72-87页

作者： Perez-Alarcon, Albenis Fernandez-Alvarez, Jose C. Trigo, ricardo M. Nieto, Raquel Gimeno, Luis Univ Vigo Ctr Invest Marina Environm Phys Lab EPhysLab Campus Lagoas S-N Orense Spain Univ La Habana Dept Meteorol Inst Super Tecnol & Ciencias Aplicadas Havana Cuba Univ Lisbon Fac Ciencias Inst Dom Luiz IDL Lisbon Portugal Univ Fed Rio De Janeiro Dept Meteorol Rio De Janeiro Brazil

In this study, we identified the moisture sources for the precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) during the rapid intensification (RI) process from 1980 to 2018 by applying a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic method. We detected sixteen regions on a global scale for RI events distributed as follows: four in the North Atlantic (NATL), two in the Central and East Pacific Ocean (NEPAC), the North Indian Ocean (NIO) and South Indian Ocean (SIO), and three in the South Pacific Ocean (SPO) and the Western North Pacific Ocean (WNP). The moisture uptake (MU) mostly was from the regions where TCs underwent RI. The Western NATL, tropical NATL, Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Central America and Mexico landmass supported -85.4% of the precipitating moisture in the NATL, while the latter source and the eastern North Pacific Ocean provided the higher amount of moisture in NEPAC (-84.3%). The Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Peninsula were the major moisture sources in NIO, contributing approximately 81.3%. The eastern and western parts of the Indian Ocean supplied most of the atmospheric humidity in SIO (-83.8%). The combined contributions (-87.9%) from the western and central SPO and the Coral Sea were notably higher in SPO. Meanwhile, TCs in the WNP basin mostly received moisture from the western North Pacific Ocean, the Philippine Sea and the China Sea, accounting for 80.1%. The remaining moisture support in each basin came from the summed contributions of the remote sources. Overall, RI TCs gained more moisture up to 2500 km from the cyclone centre than those slow intensification (SI) and the total MU was approximately three times higher during RI than SI. Finally, the patterns of the MU differences respond to the typical pathways of moisture transport in each basin. (c) 2024 The Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communication Co. Ltd. This is an

关键词： Tropical cyclones Rapid intensi fi cation Moisture sources Precipitation Lagrangian moisture tracking GLOBAL WATER CYCLE PART II INTENSITY CHANGE NONDEVELOPING DISTURBANCES LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS ATMOSPHERIC BRANCH RESIDENCE TIME VARIABILITY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION

Delay Times and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Comparison of Periods before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Myocardial Infarction and the Pandemic

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 392-400页

作者： Clarice Teixeira Silva Araújo Arnon Salviato Mameri Thúlio Carrera Guarçoni Venturini Marcus Tadeu Aguilar Constantino Matos Igor Morais Araujo Lopes luiz Gustavo Ribeiro de Carvalho Murad Cleberson Duartes Ovani Guilherme Vassalo Morais Fernanda Venturini de Castro danielle Lopes Rocha Lucas Crespo de Barros Rodolfo costa Sylvestre luiz Fernando Machado Barbosa Roberto Ramos Barbosa Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Esprito Santo (UFES) Vitria Brazil Hospital Santa Casa de Misericrdia de Vitria Vitria Brazil Hospital Santa Rita de Cssia Vitria Brazil Hospital Estadual Dr. Jayme Santos Neves Serra Brazil Grupo Kora Sade Vitria Brazil Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA) Vila Velha Brazil

Introduction: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a drop in the number of patients treated for cardiac emergencies raised concern about cardiovascular mortality in that period. An increase in care delay for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may have affected clinical outcomes. Objectives: To analyze delay times and clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective observational study that included patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI from December 2018 to July 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic cases were divided into two groups: pandemic I—from March to August 2020;and pandemic II—from September 2020 to July 2021. Patients were compared according to the period of hospitalization. Primary outcomes were delay times in assistance and clinical outcomes (acute kidney injury [AKI], post-procedural vascular complications and in-hospital mortality). Results: 108 patients were included, 39 (36.1%) in the pre-pandemic period, 13 (12.1%) in pandemic I and 56 (51.8%) in pandemic II. Time from onset of symptoms to arrival at the service and door-to-balloon time did not differ significantly among groups. Vascular complications were more frequent during the pandemic (I and II) than in the pre-pandemic period (2.5% pre-pandemic vs 15.4% pandemic vs 12.5% pandemic II;p = 0.03). AKI incidence was similar in all three periods. There was a non-significant increase in in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In patients with STEMI, there was an increase in vascular complications and a trend toward increased mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Delay times to admission and reperfusion did not differ significantly between before and during the pandemic.

关键词： Myocardial Infarction Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Coronary Reperfusion Pandemic COVID-19

Monitoring Heat Waves and Their Impacts on Summer Crop Development in Southern Brazil

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 353-364页

作者： Anibal Gusso Jorge ricardo Ducati Mauricio Roberto Veronez Victor Sommer luiz Gonzaga da Silveira Junior Environmental Engineering Vale do Rio dos Sinos University(UNISINOS)Sao LeopoldoBrazil Center for Remote Sensing and Meteorological Research Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil VizLab-Advanced Visualization Laboratory Vale do Rio dos Sinos University(UNISINOS)Sao LeopoldoBrazil Astronomy Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil Graduate Program in Geology Vale do Rio dos Sinos University(UNISINOS)Sao LeopoldoBrazil Crop Breeding Foundation(Fundacao Pró-Sementes) Passo FundoBrazil Graduate Program in Applied Computing Vale do Rio dos Sinos University(UNISINOS)São LeopoldoBrazil

Periods in the soybean summer cycle that are sensitive to the occurrence of high temperatures were studied. An analysis was performed on the variability of soybean yields associated with crop canopy temperatures during key development periods. A land surface temperature (LST) data series from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on the Aqua satellite was processed between 2003 and 2012 that covered the entire state of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data from MODIS on the Terra satellite were used to monitor the LST during different phenological stages. Spatially interpolated maps of soybean yield distributions were generated using data obtained from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) at state and municipality levels. The results indicate that canopy-LST occurrence in mid-February, during the grain filling, is most correlated to yield reduction (R2 = 0.82 and RMSD = 14.4%). At the state level, the average yield is 2003 kg·ha-1 with a standard deviation of 308 kg·ha-1. The overall average of the canopy-LST is 305.0 K (31.8°C) with a standard deviation of 1.9 K. The slope of the downward linear relationship between canopy-LST and yield was -28.7%. These results indicate that monitoring heat wave events can provide important information for characterising agriculture vulnerability.

关键词： Land Surface Temperature Soybean Remote Sensing Canopy Vegetation Index MODIS data

Ergatoid reproductives in the Neotropical termite Nasutitermes aquilinus (Holmgren) (Blattaria: Isoptera: Termitidae): developmental origin, fecundity, and genetics

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1322-1333页

作者： Iago Bueno da Silva Ives Haifig Edward LVargo Fabiana Elaine Casarin Marcelo luiz da Mota Juliana Toledo Lima Ana Maria costa-Leonardo Laboratorio de Cupins Departamento de BiologiaInstituto de BiocienciasUniversidade Estadual Paulista-UN ESPRio ClaroSPBrazil Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABCSao Bernardo do CampoSPBrazil Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-UNIFESPDiademaSPBrazil Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias Universidade Federal de Uberlandia—UFUMonte CarmeloMGBrazil Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulDouradosMSBrazil

Termite colonies are usully headed by primary reproductives,which estab-listh nests during the swar ming ***,secondary reproductives may develop in some specics and become supplementary or replacement breeders,extending colony *** we investigate the developmental origin,fecundity and genetic characterizaion of ergatoid reproductives in the Neotropical termite Nasuitermes aquilinus(Holmgren),using morphometrical and histological techniques,five micosiallitle loci and the COI mitochondrial *** measurements performed on 208 apterous individuals of Nuauidius revealed 10 groups,including ergatoid females,which developed from major workers through two successive *** were characterized by the presence of imaginal features such as eyes andl wing *** difentiation of these features was correlated to physogastric development in these ergatoids,Histology revealed ooeytes in all matu-ration sages in worker-derived reproductives of N aquidinus,presence of nonflagellate spermatozoa inside the spermatheea,and royal fa ***,ergatoid reproduwetives were reproductively *** to the genotypes of 221 individuals from 11 nests,and mitochondrial haplotypes of 43 ergatoids,73%of the colomies were simple families,whereas 27%were extendbed *** the oecurenee of related reproductives,low inbreeding rates were detected within and among *** values could be explained given that sib mating itself cannot result in a higher inbreeding rate but depend on several factors discussed in *** is the first study to investigate the genetic structure of termite colonies influenced by the development of ergatoids and further investigations are encouraged 10 understand the inflwence of these reproductives on colony lifespan.

关键词： breeding syslem caste ifrentiation COI genotyping micosallites reproduction