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Hydrolysis of Banana Tree Pseudostem and Second-Generation Ethanol Production by Saccharomyces Cerevisae

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第1期2卷 65-69页

作者： luiz Carlos Goncaives Filho gustavo Alexandre Achilles Fischer Noeli Sellin Cintia Marangoni Ozair Souza Masters Program in Process Engineering University of the Region of Joinville-Univille Joinville 89200-000 Brazil department of Chemical Engineering University of the Region of Joinville-Univille Joinville 89200-000 Brazil

The alcoholic fermentation of substrates rich in free soluble sugars is well known and has been industrially developed. However, the production of second-generation ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, which is abundantly available worldwide, remains under development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using the Musa cavendischii banana tree pseudostem as a substrate for alcoholic fermentation. Hydrolisis methods using dilute sulfuric acid (1% and 2% H2SO4; 15 and 30 min; 90 oC, 100 oC and 120 oC) and enzymes (pH 5.5; and 45 °C for 24 h reaction time) were evaluated both separately and in combination. The effect of chemical pre-treatment of the substrate using 1% and 3% m/m NaOH (120 oC, 15 min) was verified for both methods. The highest yield coefficient of fermentable sugars from dry biomass (YTS = 74%) was obtained using enzymatic hydrolysis and pre-treatment with 3% NaOH. Using acid hydrolysis, the maximum yield obtained was 22% (1% H2SO4, 120 oC, 30 min). Fermentation of the hydrolysates was satisfactory, and the maximum yield of ethanol formed per unit of substrate consumed, total productivity and efficiency values were 0.35 g, 0.90 g ethanol L-1·h-1 and 65.9%, respectively. This demonstrates the utility of banana tree pseudostems in second-generation ethanol production.

关键词：乙醇生产第二代酸水解生产力酿酒酵母香蕉酒精发酵茎

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Update on the use of portable monitoring system for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in specific population

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World Journal of Respirology 2015年第1期5卷 17-27页

作者： Erika Treptow Marcia Goncalves Oliveira gustavo Antonio Moreira Sonia Togeiro luiz Eduardo Nery Sergio Tufik Lia Bittencourt departamento Psicobiologia Departamento de PsicobiologiaUniversidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Pneumologia Departamento de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP)

The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is higher in specific population: children, elderly,obese and patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, compared to the general population. OSA is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although full-night polysomnography is still the gold standard diagnostic sleep study for OSA, it is a time consuming, expensive and technically demanding exam. Over the last few years, there is growing evidence on the use of portable monitors(PM) as an alternative for the diagnosis of OSA. These devices were developed specially for sleep evaluation at home, at a familiar environment, with easy selfapplication of monitoring, unattended. The use of PM is stablished for populations with high pre-test probability of OSA. However, there is a lack of studies on the use of PM in age extremes and patients with comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to present the studies that evaluated the use of PM in specific population, as well as to describe the advantages, limitations and applications of these devices in this particular group of patients. Although the total loss rate of recordings is variable in different studies, the agreement with fullnight polysomnography justifies the use of PM in this population.

关键词： Out-of-center sleep testing Obesity Home unattended portable monitoring Elderly Children Portable monitoring Cardiovascular diseases Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Polysomnography

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