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Efficient fully blade-coated perovskite solar cells in air with nanometer-thick bathocuproine buffer layer

Nano Research 2021年第4期14卷 1034-1042页

作者： Sergio castro-Hermosa Luana Wouk Izabela Silva Bicalho Luiza de Queiroz Correa Bas de Jong Lucio Cina Thomas M.Brown Diego Bagnis CSEM Brasil Avenida Jose Candido da Silveira200031035-536 Belo HorizonteBrazil CHOSE(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) Department of Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia del Politecnico 100133 RomeItaly Hydro Engineering and Agricultural development Research Group(GHIDA) Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad SurcolombianaAvenida Pastrana Borrero-Carrera 1410001 NeivaColombia Cicci Research srl via Giordania 227 58100 GrossetoItaly department of Biotechnology Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of SienaVia A.Moro 253100 SienaItaly

Fully printed perovskite solar cells(PSCs)were fabricated in air with all constituent layers,except for electrodes,deposited by the blade coating *** PSCs incorporated,for the first time,a nanometer-thick printed bathocuproine(BCP)hole blocking buffer using blade coating and deposited at relative humidity up to 50%.The PSCs with a p-i-n structure(glass/indium tin oxide(ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)/CH_(3)NH_(3)Pbl_(3)/[6,6]-phenyl-C_(61)-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM)/BCP/Ag)delivered a maximum power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 14.9%on an active area of 0.5 cm^(2)when measured under standard test *** PSCs with a blade coated BCP delivered performance of 10%and 63%higher(in relative terms)than those incorporating a spin coated BCP or without any BCP film,*** atomic force microscopy(AFM)showed that blade coated films were more homogeneous and acted also as a surface planarizer leading to a reduction of roughness which improved BCP/Ag interface lowering charge *** demonstration of 15%efficient devices with all constituent layers,including nanometer-thick BCP(〜10 nm),deposited by blade coating in air,demonstrates a route for industrialization of this technology.

关键词： perovskite buffer bathocuproine(BCP) blade coating printed electronics

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Damage-associated molecular patterns in inflammatory bowel disease:From biomarkers to therapeutic targets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第41期24卷 4622-4634页

作者： Hayandra Ferreira Nanini Claudio Bernardazzi Fernando castro Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza Servico de Gastroenterologia e Laboratorio Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa Departamento de Clinica MedicaHospital Universitario Clementino Fraga FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJ 21941-913Brazil D’Or Institute for Research and Education(IDOR) Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30BotafogoRio de JaneiroRJ 22281-100Brazil

The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. These components include environmental elements and gut microbiota a dysbiosis. For decades, immune abnormalities have been investigated as critically important in IBD pathogenesis, and attempts to develop effective therapies have predominantly targeted the immune system. Nevertheless, immune events represent only one of the constituents contributing to IBD pathogenesis within the context of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying chronic intestinal inflammation. These factors need to be appreciated within the milieu of nonimmune components. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are essentially endogenous stress proteins expressed or released as a result of cell or tissue damage, have been shown to act as direct proinflammatory mediators. Excessive or persistent signalling mediated by such molecules can underlie several chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. The release of endogenous DAMPs amplifies the inflammatory response driven by immune and non-immune cells and promotes epigenetic reprogramming in *** effects determine pathologic changes,which may sustain chronic intestinal inflammation and also underlie specific disease *** addition to highlighting the potential use of DAMPs such as calprotectin as biomarkers,research on DAMPs may reveal novel mechanistic associations in IBD pathogenesis and is expected to uncover putative therapeutic targets.

关键词： Damage-associated molecular patterns Environmental factors Epigenetics Inflammatory bowel disease Therapeutic targets

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The off-crust origin of granite batholiths

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第1期5卷 63-75页

作者： Antonio castro Unidad Asociada de Petrología Experimental CSIC-Universidad de Huelva.Campus El Carmen21071 Huelva Spain

Granitod batholiths of I-type features （mostly granodiorites and tonalites）, and particularly those forming the large plutonic associations of active continental margins and intracontinental collisional belts, represent the most outstanding magmatic episodes occurred in the continental crust. The origin of magmas, however, remains controversial. The application of principles from phase equilibria is crucial to understand the problem of granitoid magma generation. An adequate comparison between rock com- positions and experimental liquids has been addressed by using a projected compositional space in the plane F（Fe ＋ Mg）-Anorthite-Orthoclase. Many calc-alkaline granitoid trends can be considered cotectic liquids. Assimilation of country rocks and other not-cotectic processes are identified in the projected diagram. The identification of cotectic patterns in batholith implies high temperatures of magma segregation and fractionation （or partial melting） from an intermediate （andesitic） source. The com- parison of batholiths with lower crust granulites, in terms of major-element geochemistry, yields that both represent liquids and solid residues respectively from a common andesitic system. This is compatible with magmas being formed by melting, and eventual reaction with the peridotite mantle, of subducted mOlanges that are finally relaminated as magmas to the lower crust. Thus, the off-crust generation of granitoids batholiths constitutes a new paradigm in which important geological implica- tions can be satisfactorily explained. Geochemical features of Cordilleran-type batholiths are totally compatible with this new conception.

关键词： Batholith Granodiorite Andesite Relamination Granulite Lower crust

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Are extrafloral nectaries efficient against herbivores? Herbivory and plant defenses in contrasting tropical species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 423-430页

作者： Cássio Cardoso Pereira Maria Gabriela Boaventura Gislene Carvalho de castro Tatiana Cornelissen departamento de Genética Ecologia e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-910 Belo HorizonteMGBrazil departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei36301-160 São João del-ReiMGBrazil

植物用于防御的资源有限,而那些具有生物防御的物种,其叶片可能会较少地用于其他类型的防御。我们比较了机械防御能力较弱,但具有花外蜜腺的植物,与没有花外蜜腺但叶片更有韧性的植物是否更不容易被取食。我们通过分析文献数据,调查有... 详细信息

植物用于防御的资源有限,而那些具有生物防御的物种,其叶片可能会较少地用于其他类型的防御。我们比较了机械防御能力较弱,但具有花外蜜腺的植物,与没有花外蜜腺但叶片更有韧性的植物是否更不容易被取食。我们通过分析文献数据,调查有无花外蜜腺的植物被取食的情况。在巴西南部的热带稀树草原植被中,我们采集了6种热带植物的叶片数据,并测定了被取食情况和比叶面积。我们进一步评估了有无花外蜜腺的物种之间以及植物之间被取食情况和比叶面积的差异。为了检验动物取食与叶片韧性之间的关系,我们对单株平均被取食情况和平均叶片韧性进行了回归。研究结果表明,植物表现出不同程度的叶片损伤,但没有蚂蚁防御的植物因被取食造成的叶面积损失最大。不同植物的机械防御水平也不相同。无花外蜜腺的植株更坚韧,比叶面积值更小。虽然无花外蜜腺的植物有更多的坚硬叶片,但这种机械防御不足以损害和/或减少食草动物的取食,这表明由蚂蚁形成的生物防御可能比用于与叶片适口性相关的机械防御更有效。

关键词：蚂蚁生物防御动物取食叶片适口性比叶面积

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Thermodynamic analysis, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: Study of its effect on pretreated rice husk

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中国化学工程学报:英文版 2023年第8期60卷 143-154页

作者： Eileen Katherine Coronado-Aldana Cindy Lizeth Ferreira-Salazar Nubia Yineth Piñeros-castro Rubén Vázquez-Medina Felipe A.Perdomo Universidad de BogotáJorge Tadeo Lozano Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IngenieríaCra.422-61CundinamarcaBogotáColombia Instituto Politecnico Nacional CICATA QueretaroCerro Blanco 141Colinas del Cimatario76090 QueretaroMexico School of Engineering University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FBUnited Kingdom

This work is focused on the determination of the optimal reaction conditions to synthesize the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([EMIM][Cl]) and assess its suitability for the pretreatment of rice husk. The modified UNIFAC(UNIversal quasi-chemical Functional-group Activity Coefficients)approach for ionic liquids is used to develop a thermodynamic model that describes the reactive system methylimidazole(MIM), chloroethane(C_(2)H_(5)Cl) and [EMIM][Cl]. The model allows to study the phase equilibria coexistence(vapor–liquid equilibria and solid–liquid equilibria) and yields the theoretically optimal conditions to synthesize the ionic liquid. The model predictions are validated with the available experimental and reported data. By implementing the developed model, a simple way to synthesize ionic liquid [EMIM][Cl] was found allowing to study its influence on the structure and morphology of pretreated rice husk. The lignocellulosic materials involved in this study are characterized by their composition, enzymatic digestibility, scanning electron microscopy, and crystallinity. Compared to untreated material, [EMIM][Cl]-pretreated rice husk produces cellulose that can be efficiently enzymatic hydrolyzed with high sugar yields. This work offers a suitable methodology to include the synthesis and thermodynamics of the solvent media within the design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment.

关键词： Ionic liquids Fluid-phase equilibria Thermodynamics Waste treatment UNIFAC approach

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Erythropoietin modulates bone marrow stromal cell differentiation

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 272-285页

作者： Sukanya Suresh Luis Fernandez de castro Soumyadeep dey Pamela G. Robey Constance Tom Noguchi Molecular Medicine Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Skeletal Biology Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Erythropoietin is essential for bone marrow erythropoiesis and erythropoietin receptor on non-erythroid cells including bone marrow stromal cells suggests systemic effects of erythropoietin. Tg6 mice with chronic erythropoietin overexpression have a high hematocrit, reduced trabecular and cortical bone and bone marrow adipocytes, and decreased bone morphogenic protein 2 driven ectopic bone and adipocyte formation. Erythropoietin treatment(1 200 IU·kg–1) for 10 days similarly exhibit increased hematocrit,reduced bone and bone marrow adipocytes without increased osteoclasts, and reduced bone morphogenic protein signaling in the bone marrow. Interestingly, endogenous erythropoietin is required for normal differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes.ΔEpoR_E mice with erythroid restricted erythropoietin receptor exhibit reduced trabecular bone, increased bone marrow adipocytes, and decreased bone morphogenic protein 2 ectopic bone formation. Erythropoietin treated ΔEpoR_E mice achieved hematocrit similar to wild-type mice without reduced bone, suggesting that bone reduction with erythropoietin treatment is associated with non-erythropoietic erythropoietin response. Bone marrow stromal cells from wild-type,Tg6, and ΔEpoR_E-mice were transplanted into immunodeficient mice to assess development into a bone/marrow organ. Like endogenous bone formation, Tg6 bone marrow cells exhibited reduced differentiation to bone and adipocytes indicating that high erythropoietin inhibits osteogenesis and adipogenesis, while ΔEpoR_E bone marrow cells formed ectopic bones with reduced trabecular regions and increased adipocytes, indicating that loss of erythropoietin signaling favors adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis. In summary, endogenous erythropoietin signaling regulates bone marrow stromal cell fate and aberrant erythropoietin levels result in their impaired differentiation.

关键词： bone marrow adipocyte normal differentiation

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Integrated risk management: a Petrobras application in offshore well construction safety to minimize critical emergency disconnections

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Petroleum Science 2018年第2期15卷 421-431页

作者： Claudio Benevenuto de Campos Lima Pedro Esteves Aranha Jose Francisco Tebaldi de castro Gilson Brito Alves Lima Augusto Borella Hougaz Felipe de Souza Terra Petrobras department of Production Engineering Federal Fluminense University

In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disconnect sequence （EDS） available. A solution was developed based on the characteristics of the rigs and blowout preventers （BOPs）, and six variables were considered that directly affect the choice of EDS. All possible combinations of 64 scenarios were analyzed, and the priority of choice of the EDS was defined empirically. This paper presents an approach to EDS risk management and examples of exposure time （time without riser safety margin and shear capability） for the same well, which can be lowered from 13% to 0.1%. The impact of this reduction is related to the ability of the BOP to cut some of the heavy casings, in addition to improved availability of EDS modes. This implementation opened up many possibilities for the performance of risk exposure analysis, enabling comparison of several BOP configurations of contracted rigs and selection of the best options. This innovative approach allowed a better management of the rig schedules, prioritizing safety aspects and making it possible to allocate the fleet in a systematic way.

关键词： Well safety Safety barriers Emergency disconnect sequence (EDS) Well control Kick Well design

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Evaluating the potential of(epi)genotype‑by‑low pass nanopore sequencing in dairy cattle:a study on direct genomic value and methylation analysis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2276-2289页

作者： Oscar Gonzalez‑Recio Adrian Lopez‑Catalina Ramon Peiro‑Pastor Alicia Nieto‑Valle Monica castro Almudena Fernandez Dpt.Mejora Genetica Animal INIA-CSICCtra La Coruna Km 7.528040 MadridSpain. ETSIAAB Universidad Politecnica de Madrid.Ciudad Universitaria S/N28040 MadridSpain.

Background Genotype-by-sequencing has been proposed as an alternative to SNP genotyping arrays in genomic selection to obtain a high density of markers along the *** requires a low sequencing depth to be cost effective,which may increase the error at the genotype *** generation nanopore sequencing technology offers low cost sequencing and the possibility to detect genome methylation,which provides added value to *** aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of genotype-by-low pass nanopore sequencing for estimating the direct genomic value in dairy cattle,and the possibility to obtain methylation marks *** Latest nanopore chemistry(LSK14 and Q20)achieved a modal base calling accuracy of 99.55%,whereas previous kit(LSK109)achieved slightly lower accuracy(99.1%).The direct genomic value accuracy from genotype-by-low pass sequencing ranged between 0.79 and 0.99,depending on the trait(milk,fat or protein yield),with a sequencing depth as low as 2×and using the latest chemistry(LSK114).Lower sequencing depth led to biased estimates,yet with high rank *** LSK109 and Q20 achieved lower accuracies(0.57-0.93).More than one million high reliable methylated sites were obtained,even at low sequencing depth,located mainly in distal intergenic(87%)and promoter(5%)*** This study showed that the latest nanopore technology in useful in a LowPass sequencing framework to estimate direct genomic values with high *** may provide advantages in populations with no available SNP chip,or when a large density of markers with a wide range of allele frequencies is *** addition,low pass sequencing provided nucleotide methylation status of>1 million nucleotides at≥10×,which is an added value for epigenetic studies.

关键词： Genomic selection Genomic values Low pass sequencing Low sequencing imputation Polygenic risk score

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2009年第5期30卷 505-512页

作者： Angel castro Diego CóRDOBA Instituto de Ciencias Matemticas CSIC-UAM-UC3M-UCMConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

The authors construct self-similar solutions for an N-dimensional transport equation,where the velocity is given by the Riezs *** solutions imply nonuniqueness of weak *** addition,self-similar solution for a one-dime... 详细信息

关键词：输运方程自相似解流量希尔伯特变换 N维类似弱解一维

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Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is associated with low muscle mass and strength in patients with chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第8期14卷 1652-1666页

作者： Cecy Maria de Lima Santos Matheus Duarte Brito Pedro Alves Soares Vaz de castro Thais Pontello de Vries Nataly Lopes Viana Marta Paula Pereira Coelho Olívio Brito Malheiro Tatiana Bering Maria Cristina Gonzalez Rosangela Teixeira Rodrigo Dias Cambraia Gifone Aguiar Rocha Luciana Diniz Silva Sciences Applied to Adult Health Care Post-Graduate Programme Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil Outpatient Clinic of Viral Hepatitis Instituto Alfa de GastroenterologiaFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil department of Locomotor System Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil department of Food and Nutrition Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoCuiabá78060-900Mato GrossoBrazil Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour Catholic University of PelotasPelotas 96015-560Rio Grande do SulBrazil Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil

BACKGROUND Although the prognostic relevance of sarcopenia has been increasingly recognised in the context of liver disease,there is a paucity of data evaluating body composition in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Beyond virus-related factors,nutritional and metabolic aspects can be associated with skeletal muscle abnormalities in these patients and should not be *** To evaluate the association between components of sarcopenia and demographic,clinical,lifestyle,nutritional,and biochemical variables in CHB *** Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)was used to assess muscle mass by quantifying appendicular lean mass(ALM)adjusted for body mass index(ALMBMI).Muscle function was evaluated by hand grip strength(HGS)and the timed up and go ***-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)was defined according to the criteria proposed by an international expert panel.A body shape index and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to assess central obesity and physical activity level,*** This cross-sectional study included 105 CHB outpatients followed at the tertiary care ambulatory centre(mean age,48.5±12.0 years;58.1%males;76.2%without cirrhosis;23.8%with compensated cirrhosis).The DXA-derived fat mass percentage was inversely correlated with the ALMBMI(r=-0.87)and HGS(r=-0.63).In the multivariable analysis,MAFLD,sedentarism and central obesity were positively and independently associated with low *** and central obesity were independently associated with low *** MAFLD and central obesity were associated with low muscle mass and strength in patients with chronic hepatitis B,independent of the liver disease stage.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Appendicular lean mass Muscle strength Metabolic associated fatty liver disease Central obesity Physical performance

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