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Twenty years of population dynamics in European beech-oak forest at their rear range margin anticipate changes in its structure and composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 358-370页

作者： álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado Iciar Alberdi Isabel canellas Fernando Montes Jesús Rodríguez-calcerrada Rosana López Guillermo G.Gordaliza María Valbuena-carabana Nikos Nanos Ramón Perea luis.Gil Departamento de dinamica y gestion forestal Instituto de Ciencias Forestales(ICIFOR-INIA)CSICCtra.La Coruna km 7.528040MadridSpain Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingeniería de MontesForestal y del Medio NaturalUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid.Ciudad Universitaria s/n28040MadridSpain School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversity Campus54124ThessalonikiGreece

There is an increasing interest in restoring degraded forests,which occupy half of the forest *** the forms of restoration,passive restoration,which involves the elimination of degrading factors and the free evolution of natural dynamics by applying minimal or no management,is gaining *** dynamics is difficult to predict due to the influence of multiple interacting factors such as climatic and edaphic conditions,composition and abundance of species,and the successional character of these ***,we study the natural dynamics of a mixed forest located in central Spain,which maintained an open forest structure,due to intensive use,until grazing and cutting were banned in the *** most frequent woody species in this forest are Fagus sylvatica,Quercus petraea,Quercus pyrenaica,Ilex aquifolium,Sorbus aucuparia,Sorbus aria and Prunus avium,with contrasting shade and drought *** species are common in temperate European deciduous forest and are found here near their southern distribution limit,except for *** order to analyze forest dynamics and composition,three inventories were carried out in 1994,2005 and *** results show that,despite the Mediterranean influence,the natural dynamics of this forest has been mainly determined by different levels of shade *** the abandonment of grazing and cutting,*** expanded rapidly due to its lower shade tolerance,whereas after canopy closure and forest densification,shade-tolerant species gained ground,particularly ***,despite its lower drought and late-frost *** the current dynamics continue,*** will overtake the rest of the species,which will be relegated to sites with shallow soils and steep ***,all the multi-centennial beech trees,which are undergoing a rapid mortality and decline process,will disappear.

关键词： Forest succession Secondary forest Woodland Mixed forest Competition Recruitment

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ca-based materials derived from calcined cigarette butts for CO_(2)capture and thermochemical energy storage

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 230-241页

作者： Nabil Amghar Virginia Moreno Pedro E.Sánchez-Jiménez Antonio Perejón luis.A.Pérez-Maqueda Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla C.S.I.C.-Universidad de SevillaC.Américo Vespucio4941092 SevillaSpain Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales(ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València(UPV)Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1AlcoyAlicante 03801Spain Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Sevilla41012 SevillaSpain

Cigarette butts(CBs)are one of the most common types of litter in the *** to the toxic substances they contain,the waste generated poses a harmful risk to the environment,and therefore there is an urgent need for alternative solutions to landfill ***,this work presents a possible revalorization of this waste material,which implies interesting environmental *** were used as sacrificial templates for the preparation of caO-based materials by impregnation with calcium and magnesium nitrates followed by flaming *** materials presented enhanced porosity for their use in the calcium Looping process applied either to thermochemical energy storage or CO_(2)capture *** influence of the concentration of ca and Mg in the impregnating solutions on the multicycle reactivity of the samples was *** improved multicycle performance was obtained in terms of conversion for both applications.

关键词： Cigarette butts calcium-Looping CO_(2)capture Thermochemical energy storage

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The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1129-1150页

作者： Paula Berman luis.Alejandro de Haro Ana-Rita cavaco Sayantan Panda Younghui Dong Nikolay Kuzmich Gabriel Lichtenstein Yoav Peleg Hila Harat Adam Jozwiaki Jianghua cai Uwe Heinig Sagit Meir Ilana Rogachev Asaph Aharoni Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel The Maurice and Vivienne Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Present address:Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Department of Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami Miler School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Mescaline,among the earliest identified natural hallucinogens,holds great potential in psychotherapy ***,despite the existence of a postulated biosynthetic pathway for more than half a century,the specific enzymes involved in this process are yet to be *** this study,we investigated the cactus Lophophora williamsii(Peyote),the largest known natural producer of the phenethylamine *** employed a multi-faceted approach,combining de novo whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing with comprehensive chemical profiling,enzymatic assays,molecular modeling,and pathway engineering for pathway *** identified four groups of enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway,and an N-methyltransferase enzyme that N-methylates all phenethylamine intermediates,likely modulating mescaline levels in ***,we reconstructed the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in both Nicotiana benthamiana plants and yeast cells,providing novel insights into several challenges hindering complete heterologous mescaline *** together,our study opens up avenues for exploration of sustainable production approaches and responsible utilization of mescaline,safeguarding this valuable natural resource for future generations.

关键词： mescaline Lophophora williamsi Peyote biosynthetic pathway de novo genome sequencing mo-lecular modeling

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Woody plant taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity decrease along elevational gradients in Andean tropical montane forests:Environmental filtering and arrival of temperate taxa

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 491-501页

作者： Guillermo Bañares-de-Dios Manuel J.Macía Gabriel Arellano Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda Julia Vega-álvarez Itziar Arnelas carlos I.Espinosa Norma Salinas luis.cayuela Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain Departamento de Biología Área de BotánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Oikobit LLC ***AlbuquerqueNM87120USA Real Jardín Botánico–CSIC Plaza Murillo 2MadridES-28014Spain Departamento de Biología Animal EcologíaParasitologíaEdafología y Química AgrícolaUniversidad de SalamancaCalle Donantes de Sangre s/nSalamancaES-37007Spain Departamento de Biodiversidad Ecología y EvoluciónUniversidad Complutense de MadridCalle JoséAntonio Nováis 12Ciudad UniversitariaES-28040Spain Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Técnica Particular de LojaA.P.11-01-608 LojaEcuador Sección Química Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúA.P.Lima 32LimaPeru ECI School of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOX13QYOxfordshireUnited Kingdom Instituto de Investigación en cambio Global(IICG-URJC) Universidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain

Mountains are paramount for exploring biodiversity patterns due to the mosaic of topographies and climates encompassed over short *** research has traditionally focused on taxonomic diversity when investigating changes along elevational gradients,but other facets should be *** first time,we simultaneously assessed elevational trends in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in Andean tropical montane forests and explored their underlying ecological and evolutionary *** investigation covered four transects(traversing ca.2200 m a.s.l.) encompassing 114 plots of 0.1 ha across a broad latitudinal range(ca.10°).Using Hill numbers to quantify abundance-based diversity among 37,869 individuals we observed a consistent decrease in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity as elevation increased,although the decrease was less pronounced for higher Hill *** exception was a slight increase in phylogenetic diversity when dominant species were *** decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity might be attributed to an environmental filtering process towards highlands,where the increasingly harsher conditions exclude species and functional ***,the differences in steepness decrease between Hill orders suggest that rare species disproportionately contribute to functional *** phylogenetic diversity the shifting elevational trend between Hill orders indicates a greater than previously considered influence in central Andean highlands of tropical lowlands originated species with strong niche conservatism relative to distantly related temperate *** could be explained by a decreasing presence and abundance of temperate,extratropical taxa towards the central Andes relative to northern or southern Andes,where they are more prevalent.

关键词： Altitudinal gradients Andes Environmentalﬁltering Out of the Tropical Lowlands Functional rarity Tropical Niche Conservatism

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Epidemiology of work-related hand and wrist injuries in a referral center: A descriptive study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 650-659页

作者： Angélica M Rodríguez Ginna P Tocanchón Jessica T Villalba luis.M Pombo Aníbal A Teherán Gabriel camero-Ramos Karen P Ayala Gerhard M Acero Research Center Fundación Universitaria Juan N.CorpasBogotá111321Colombia Red Cross Cruz Roja Colombiana-Seccional Cundinamarca BogotáBogotá111221Colombia Vigilancia Epidemiológica Instituto Nacional de SaludBogotá111321Colombia

BACKGROUND Occupational hand and wrist injuries(OHWIs)account for 25%of work-related accidents in low-and middle-income *** Colombia,more than 500000 occupational accidents occurred in 2021,and although the rate declined to less than 5%in 2020 and 2021,at least one in four accidents involved a hand or wrist *** To describe the OHWIs in workers seen at the emergency room at a second-level hospital in *** An observational study was performed using data from workers who experienced OHWIs and attended a second-level hospital,between June,2020 and May,*** overall frequency of OHWIs,as well as their distribution by sociodemo-graphic,clinical,and occupational variables,are ***,association patterns between sex,anatomical area(fingers,hand,wrist),and type of job were analyzed by correspondence analysis(ca).RESULTS There were 2.101 workers treated for occupational accidents,423(20.3%)were cases of OHWIs,which mainly affected men(93.9%)with a median age of 31 years and who worked mainly in mining(75.9%).OHWIs were more common in the right upper extremity(55.3%)and comprised different types of injuries,such as contusion(42.1%),laceration(27.9%),fracture(18.7%),and crush injury(15.6%).They primarily affected the phalanges(95.2%),especially those of the first finger(25.7%).The cas showed associations between the injured anatomical area and the worker’s job that differed in men and women(explained variance>90%).CONCLUSION One out of five workers who suffered occupational accidents in Cundinamarca,Columbia had an OHWI,affecting mainly males employed in *** occupational profile is likely to lead to prolonged rehabilitation,and permanent functional *** results might be useful for adjusting preventive measures in cluster risk groups.

关键词： Accidents Occupational Epidemiology Hand injuries Wrist injuries Occupational health

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A tumor-associated heparan sulfate-related glycosaminoglycan promotes the generation of functional regulatory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第12期20卷 1499-1512页

作者： Leticia Martín-Cruz Marcos Viñuela Ioanna Kalograiaki Alba Angelina Paola Oquist-Phillips Irene Real-Arévalo Francisco Javier cañada JoséIgnacio Tudela luis.Moltó Jesús Moreno-Sierra Joséluis.Subiza Oscar Palomares Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of ChemistryComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain Inmunotek Alcaláde HenaresMadridSpain Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico San carlos Martin Lagos s/n28040MadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSICRamiro de Maetzu 928040MadridSpain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias(CIBERES)Avda Monforte de Lemos3-528029MadridSpain Servicio de Urología Hospital Clínico San CarlosUniversidad Complutense de MadridMartín Lagos s/n28040MadridSpain

Functional Tregs play a key role in tumor development and progression,representing a major barrier to anticancer *** mechanisms by which Tregs are generated in cancer and the influence of the tumor microenvironment on these processes remain incompletely ***,by using NMR,chemoenzymatic structural assays and a plethora of in vitro and in vivo functional analyses,we demonstrate that the tumoral carbohydrate A10(ca10),a cell-surface carbohydrate derived from Ehrlich’s tumor(ET)cells,is a heparan sulfate-related proteoglycan that enhances glycolysis and promotes the development of tolerogenic features in human ***10-stimulated human DCs generate highly suppressive Tregs by mechanisms partially dependent on metabolic reprogramming,PD-L1,IL-10,and ***10 also reprograms the differentiation of human monocytes into DCs with tolerogenic *** solid ET-bearing mice,we found positive correlations between ca10 serum levels,tumor size and splenic Treg *** of isolated ca10 also increases the proportion of splenic Tregs in tumor-free ***,we provide evidence supporting the presence of a circulating human ca10 counterpart(ca10H)and show,for the first time,that serum levels of ca10H are increased in patients suffering from different cancer types compared to healthy *** note,these levels are higher in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases than in prostate cancer patients without ***,we reveal novel molecular mechanisms by which heparan sulfate-related structures associated with tumor cells promote the generation of functional Tregs in *** discovery of this novel structural-functional relationship may open new avenues of research with important clinical implications in cancer treatment.

关键词： Tumoral carbohydrate A10 Heparan sulfate-related proteoglycan cancer immunology Dendritic cell Regulatory T cell

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Online risk‑based portfolio allocation on subsets of crypto assets applying a prototype‑based clustering algorithm

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 797-836页

作者： luis.Lorenzo Javier Arroyo Faculty of Statistic Studies Complutense UniversityAvda.Puerta de Hierros/n28040 MadridSpain

Mean-variance portfolio optimization models are sensitive to uncertainty in risk-return estimates,which may result in poor out-of-sample *** particular,the estimates may suffer when the number of assets considered is high and the length of the return time series is not sufficiently *** is precisely the case in the cryptocur-rency market,where there are hundreds of crypto assets that have been traded for a few *** propose enhancing the mean-variance(MV)model with a pre-selection stage that uses a prototype-based clustering algorithm to reduce the number of crypto assets considered at each investment *** the pre-selection stage,we run a prototype-based clustering algorithm where the assets are described by variables representing the profit-risk *** prototypes of the clustering partition are auto-matically examined and the one that best suits our risk-aversion preference is *** then run the MV portfolio optimization with the crypto assets of the selected *** proposed approach is tested for a period of 17 months in the whole cryp-tocurrency market and two selections of the cryptocurrencies with the higher market capitalization(175 and 250 cryptos).We compare the results against three methods applied to the whole market:classic MV,risk parity,and hierarchical risk parity *** also compare our results with those from investing in the market index *** simulation results generally favor our proposal in terms of profit and risk-profit financial *** result reaffirms the convenience of using machine learning methods to guide financial investments in complex and highly-volatile environments such as the cryptocurrency market.

关键词： Fintech Mean-variance Cryptocurrency Electronic market Portfolio allocation model Clustering

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Approaches for handling high-dimensional cluster expansions of ionic systems

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1254-1264页

作者： Julia H.Yang Tina Chen luis.Barroso-Luque Zinab Jadidi Gerbrand Ceder Department of Materials Science and Engineering BerkeleyCA94720USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA

Disordered multicomponent systems attract great interest due to their engineering design flexibility and subsequent rich space of ***,detailed characterization of the structure and atomic correlations remains challenging and hinders full navigation of these complex spaces.A lattice cluster expansion is one tool to obtain configurational and energetic *** in theory a cluster expansion can be applied to any system of any dimensionality,the method has primarily been used in binary systems or ternary *** we apply cluster expansions in high-component ionic systems,setting up the largest cluster expansion ever attempted to our *** doing so,we address and discuss challenges specific to high-component ionic systems,namely charge state assignments,structural relaxations,and rank-deficient *** introduce practical procedures to make the fitting and analysis of complex systems tractable,providing guidance for future computational studies of disordered ionic systems.

关键词： properties cluster ionic

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Physical and chemical characterization of sediments from an Andean river exposed to mining and agricultural activities: The Moquegua River, Peru

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第6期37卷 780-793页

作者： luis.de Los Santos Valladares Juan luis.Ccamapaza Renato Arturo Valencia-Bedregal luis.Enrique Borja-castro Jose Velazquez-Garcia Dehiwalage Harshani Nimalika Perera Adrian Ionescu David Arvidsson Eustace Peregrine Barnes Peter Newton Hugo Lepage Patrick Byrne Angel Guillermo Bustamante Dominguez Crispin H.W.Barnes cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics University of Cambridge Escuela Acad emico Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Moquegua Provincia de Mariscal Nieto Laboratorio de Cer amicos y Nanomateriales Facultad de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos School of Biological and Environmental Science Liverpool John Moores University

This study presents an analysis of sediments in an Andean river impacted by both natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. Fifty samples were collected from selected sites throughout the Moquegua River drainage basin, and Tambo River headwaters at Pasto Grande, in Peru, and analysed with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Si, ca, Al, Fe, and O, common constituents of soils, were dominant, along with K, N, and P. The latter originating as primary macronutrients or chemical residuals from fertilizers used in agriculture. Higher concentrations of macronutrients and organic components were found in agricultural and urban areas, respectively. Arsenic minerals were also detected, which occur naturally, but possibly at levels augmented by anthropogenic activity. The application of cluster analysis revealed clustering between arsenic, arsenolite, and potassium but no significant geospatial correlation between sample sites in the drainage basin.

关键词： Andean river Moquegua river Sediments Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy TG-DTG/DTA Clustering analysis

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Cellular automata model for traffic flow with safe driving conditions

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第5期23卷 216-226页

作者： María Elena Lárraga luis.Alvarez-Icaza Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México04510Coyoacán D.F.México

In this paper, a recently introduced cellular automata （ca） model is used for a statistical analysis of the inner micro-scopic structure of synchronized traffic flow. The analysis focuses on the formation and dissolution of clusters or platoons of vehicles, as the mechanism that causes the presence of this synchronized traffic state with a high flow. This platoon formation is one of the most interesting phenomena observed in traffic flows and plays an important role both in manual and automated highway systems （AHS）. Simulation results, obtained from a single-lane system under periodic boundary conditions indicate that in the density region where the synchronized state is observed, most vehicles travel together in pla- toons with approximately the same speed and small spatial distances. The examination of velocity variations and individual vehicle gaps shows that the flow corresponding to the synchronized state is stable, safe and highly correlated. Moreover, results indicate that the observed platoon formation in real traffic is reproduced in simulations by the relation between vehicle headway and velocity that is embedded in the dynamics definition of the ca model.

关键词： traffic flow models synchronized traffic cellular automata platoons formation

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