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A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio Jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-Vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen Valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos susan luciana Puelles-leon Elena de Jesus Alvarado-leon Frans leiva-Cabrera Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga Jose Paz-Ibarra Universidad Cientifica del sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide *** causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme *** sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDlINE,Embase and sciElO databases and included 161 *** search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case *** The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body ***,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain *** causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this *** are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric *** Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

Carbocysteine as Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients without Underlying Chronic Conditions: systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 39-50页

作者： Myriam Calle Rubio Olga de la serna Blazquez José luis R. Martin Manuel Ruiz Cuetos Pulmonology Department Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid Spain Department of Medicine School of Medicine Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Instituto de Investigacion sanitaria del Hospital Clínico san Carlos (IdIssC) Madrid Spain Pediatric Pulmonology Unit Pediatrics Department Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain simplifying Research Institute Layos Spain Medical department in ITF Research Pharma s.l.U. Alcobendas Spain

Objective: This study aims to systematically examine the existing evidence regarding the clinical benefits of carbocysteine as an adjunctive treatment in acute bronchopulmonary and otorhinological processes. Design: systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: An electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane library, ***, and the European Clinical Trial Register, with the search dated to May 2023. Bibliographic references from other literature reviews and meta-analyses were also reviewed. The search was limited to randomized clinical trials published in any language and year. It was completed by cross-checking the references of the located articles. Methods: Inclusion criteria covered studies assessing systemic or inhaled carbocysteine, regardless of dosing regimen. Concomitant medication use was acceptable if balanced between intervention and control groups. Authors independently extracted data, resolving disagreements through consensus. Methodological quality assessment relied on critical reading of each study. Dichotomous variables were analyzed using odds ratio (OR), and a final effect size was calculated. statistical significance was established when confidence intervals did not cross the neutral value. Heterogeneity was assessed via the Xsup>2sup> test and Isup>2sup> index. Results: Out of 318 initially identified studies, 4 met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for poor general condition yielded an OR of 0.45 in favor of intervention, p = 0.013, with non-significant heterogeneity. Cough events showed a percentage of 15.8% for carbocysteine vs. 27.2% for placebo. On the seventh day, expectoration rates were 18.37% for carbocysteinevs 33.3% for placebo. Conclusions: The observed clinical benefits align with carbocysteine’s mucoactive and muco-regulatory properties, complemented by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Carbocysteine stands out among mucolytic agents. In the context of persistent infectious diseases,

关键词： Acute Respiratory Infections Carbocystenine systematic Review Meta-Analysis

soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina:a useful surrogate for mitigation and conservation planning under climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo l.Peri Juan Gaitán Matías Mastrangelo Marcelo Nosetto Pablo E.Villagra Ezequiel Balducci Martín Pinazo Roxana P.Eclesia Alejandra Von Wallis sebastián Villarino Francisco Alaggia Marina González Polo silvina Manrique Pablo A.Meglioli Julián Rodríguez-souilla Martín Mónaco Jimena E.Chaves Ariel Medina Ignacio Gasparri Eugenio Alvarez Arnesi María Paula Barral Axel von Müller Norberto M.Pahr Josefina Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fernández Marina Morsucci Dardo lópez Juan Manuel Cellini leandro Alvarez Ignacio Barberis Hernán Colomb ludmila la Manna sebastián Barbaro Cecilia Blundo Ximena sirimarco laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar Guillermo Martínez Pastur Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCT san luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección Nacional de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación Instituto de Ecología Regional Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Universidad Nacional de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (lIMAD) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Administración de Parques Nacionales (APN) Parque Nacional Los Alerces Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background The nationally determined contribution（NDC） presented by Argentina within the framework of the Paris Agreement is aligned with the decisions made in the context of the United Nations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change（UNFCCC） on the reduction of emissions derived from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as forest carbon conservation（REDD+）. In addition, climate change constitutes one of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the soil organic carbon（sOC） stocks of native forests have not been incorporated into the Forest Reference Emission levels calculations and for conservation planning under cli-mate variability due to a lack of information. The objectives of this study were:（i） to model sOC stocks to 30 cm of native forests at a national scale using climatic, topographic and vegetation as predictor variables, and（ii） to relate sOC stocks with spatial–temporal remotely sensed indices to determine biodiversity conservation concerns due to threats from high inter-annual climate *** We used 1040 forest soil samples（0–30 cm） to generate spatially explicit estimates of sOC native forests in Argentina at a spatial resolution of approximately 200 m. We selected 52 potential predictive environmental covari-ates, which represent key factors for the spatial distribution of sOC. All covariate maps were uploaded to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based computing platform for subsequent modelling. To determine the biodiversity threats from high inter-annual climate variability, we employed the spatial–temporal satellite-derived indices based on Enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI） and land surface temperature（lsT） images from landsat *** sOC model（0–30 cm depth） prediction accounted for 69% of the variation of this soil property across the whole native forest coverage in Argentina. Total mean sOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km2,

关键词： soil organic carbon Biodiversity Native forest Climate change mitigation Modelling Resilience

Phagocytosis: A Practical Approach for Evaluating Neutrophil Function in Health and Disease

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2024年第2期13卷 9-28页

作者： Oscar Rojas-Espinosa Patricia Arce-Paredes sergio Islas-Trujillo luis Enrique Becerril-Villanueva María Dolores Ponce-Regalado Departamento de Inmunologa Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolgicas Instituto Politcnico Nacional Ciudad de Mxico Mxico laboratorio de Psicoinmunologa Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatra Ramn de la Fuente Ciudad de Mxico Mxico Departamento de Ciencias de la salud Centro Universitario de los Altos Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco Mxico

Neutrophils, crucial players in the effector phase of the immune response, are recognized as important mediators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Through the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, they modulate the function of T and other lymphoid cells. Countless reports have highlighted the importance of these cells as efficient antimicrobial agents and annotated their involvement in the pathology of infectious and noninfectious diseases. The development of modern, sophisticated technologies has allowed the study of the functions of these cells in clinical settings. These advanced technologies include fluorescence-activated cell sorters, confocal microscopy, automated cell image analyzers, and live cell analysis instruments. Unfortunately, the cost of these modern instruments, maintenance, reagents, and the need for qualified technicians prohibit their use in low-income laboratories and universities in developing countries. With this in mind, we propose a series of basic tests that can be used in low-input clinical laboratories and universities to evaluate the function of neutrophils in health and disease. Our methodology allows us to assess in a practical and low-cost manner the functions of neutrophils in the phagocytic process, including opsonization, ingestion, ROI production (NBT reduction), myeloperoxidase content, phagosome-lysosome fusion, microbicidal activity, and NET production. Thus, under a disadvantageous ambiance, this may guide physicians in deciding whether a patient’s illness involves phagocytic defects without imposing a heavy financial *** Abstract[-rId13-]

关键词： Phagocytosis Neutrophils Microbicidal Activity Netosis

Camera traps reveal the natural corridors used by mammalian species in eastern Mexico

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 711-722页

作者： Jonathan O.Huerta‑Rodríguez Octavio C.Rosas‑Rosas lauro lópez‑Mata Josél.Alcántara‑Carbajal luis A.Tarango‑Arámbula Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad‑Ganadería Colegio de Post‑graduadosCampus MontecilloTexcocoMexico Programa de Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales Colegio de PostgraduadosCampus San Luis PotosíSan Luis PotosíMexico Programa de Dinámica y Conservación de Bosques y selvas Macroecología y BiodiversidadColegio de PostgraduadosCampus MontecilloTexcocoMexico

Background:Habitat loss and fragmentation in the sierra Madre Oriental(sMO)ecological corridor have negative impacts on the movement and distribution of mammalian species that are of great ecological and evolutionary *** of the sMO ecological corridor that is located in the state of Hidalgo is less studied despite being a potential dispersal route for *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence and activity of terrestrial mammals in the riparian and non‑riparian zones of ***:Camera traps detected 15 mammalian species(i.e.,14 native and 1 domestic)in the non‑riparian zone,and 12 mammalian species in the riparian zone(i.e.,10 wild and 2 domestic).The riparian corridor was mainly used by opportunistic medium‑sized carnivores,while large carnivores and their potential prey were more frequent in the non‑riparian ***:Our findings suggest terrestrial mammals avoid the use of natural corridors due to the presence of domestic dogs,cattle and humans and look for new dispersal routes to move through their habitat and find the resources they need to *** though some species can use disturbed corridors to move and find resources,they will change their activity patterns to avoid contact with humans and potential threats like *** is,therefore,crucial to identify not one,but several corridors that must be preserved to improve the connectivity of terrestrial mammals in disturbed landscapes.

关键词： Activity Jaguar Cattle Detectability Dog Herbivore Disturbance Prey Relative abundance

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long-term monitoring reveals the effect of precipitation and silviculture on Nothofagus regeneration in Northern Patagonia mixed forests

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期 103-117页

作者： Georgina sola Camila Mateo Alejandro Dezzotti Paula Marchelli Hernán Attis Beltrán Renato sbrancia luis Chauchard Marcelo González Pe?alba Martín lara Verónica El Mujtar Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Asentamiento Universitario san Martín de los Andes (AUsMA-UNCo) Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Departamento de Conservación y Manejo Parque Nacional Lanín- Administración de Parques Nacionales (PNL-APN)

Background Tree regeneration is a key component of resilience because it promotes post-disturbance recovery of forests. Northwestern Patagonia from Argentina is occupied by Nothofagus alpina（Na）, N. obliqua（No）, and N. dombeyi（Nd） forests that grow along an intense precipitation gradient, managed throughout shelterwood silvicultural system by technicians of the lanin Natural Reserve. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seeding cuttings over the dynamics of Nothofagus mixed forests across landscape（precipitation gradient） based mainly on the composition and abundance of tree regeneration, permanent sampling plots and generalized linear mixed models. In particular, we analysed:（i） the structure of sexual and asexual regeneration during 20 years after harvest（the dynamics of managed forests）, and（ii） the structure of sexual regeneration in primary and managed forests after > 20 years of harvest（the effect of silviculture）.Results Nd was the most abundant species in the regeneration of managed forests during all periods in both sites despite its lower contribution to the adult cohort. During the 10–20 years period after harvest, the humid site exhibited higher regeneration density than the mesic site(120,000 and 6000 ind ha-1, respectively), and it decreased afterwards. The number of established regeneration（> 2 m height） was lower for Na in the mesic site and for No in the humid site(0 and 57 ind ha-1, respectively). However, in comparison to No, Na showed a higher number of sprouted stumps and sprouts per stump, and a higher sprout height in the mesic site. No exhibited higher sprout mortality in the humid site. Finally, the regeneration of primary forests showed lower density and height, and a more balanced composition than that of managed *** The silvicultural effects on the mixed forest regeneration dynamics was strongly influenced by the condition of sites. Therefore, management prescriptions should be adj

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Predicting major adverse cardiovascular events after orthotopic liver transplantation using a supervised machine learning model:A cohort study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 193-210页

作者： Jonathan soldera leandro luis Corso Matheus Machado Rech Vinícius Remus Ballotin lucas Goldmann Bigarella Fernanda Tomé Nathalia Moraes Rafael sartori Balbinot santiago Rodriguez Ajacio Bandeira de Mello Brandão Bruno Hochhegger Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom Postgraduate Program in Pathology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)Porto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Department of Engineering Universidade de Caxias do SulCaxias do Sul 95070-560Brazil school of Medicine Universidade de Caxias do SulCaxias do Sul 95070-560Brazil Postgraduate Program in Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)Porto Alegre 90050-170Brazil

BACKGROUND liver transplant(lT)patients have become older and *** rate of post-lT major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)has increased,and this in turn raises 30-d post-lT *** cardiac stress testing loses accuracy when applied to pre-lT cirrhotic *** To assess the feasibility and accuracy of a machine learning model used to predict post-lT MACE in a regional *** This retrospective cohort study involved 575 lT patients from a southern Brazilian academic *** developed a predictive model for post-lT MACE(defined as a composite outcome of stroke,new-onset heart failure,severe arrhythmia,and myocardial infarction)using the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine learning *** addressed missing data(below 20%)for relevant variables using the k-nearest neighbor imputation method,calculating the mean from the ten nearest neighbors for each *** modeling dataset included 83 features,encompassing patient and laboratory data,cirrhosis complications,and pre-lT cardiac *** performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC).We also employed shapley additive explanations(sHAP)to interpret feature *** dataset was split into training(75%)and testing(25%)*** was evaluated using the Brier *** followed Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis guidelines for ***-learn and sHAP in Python 3 were used for all *** supplementary material includes code for model development and a user-friendly online MACE prediction *** Of the 537 included patients,23(4.46%)developed in-hospital MACE,with a mean age at transplantation of 52.9 *** majority,66.1%,were *** XGBoost model achieved an impressive AUROC of 0.89 during the training *** model exhibited accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score values of 0.84,0.85,0.80,and 0.79,***

关键词： liver transplantation Major adverse cardiac events Machine learning Myocardial perfusion imaging stress test

Environmental geochemistry:Introduction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 374-375页

作者： luis F.O.silva Marcos l.s.Oliveira Department of Civil and Environmental.Universidad de la Costa CUCCalle 58#55-66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura Universidad de LimaAvenida Javier Prado Este 4600Santiago de Surco 1503Peru

Assessing the physical,geographic,chemical,and geological aspects are important to understand environmental impacts as well as health concerns in view of building a more sustainable planet with circular economies that would last for the foreseeable *** the recent years,the significance of incorporating ecosystem,anthropogenic activities,and climate has fortified from being an academic concern(e.g.,WEF,2011)into a broadly societal concern as the forecasted realities of environmental deterioration and global climate change come to pass.

关键词： geochemistry climate planet

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幸福的体验 We Are Emma美发沙龙

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室内设计与装修 2024年第1期 144-145页

作者： [西班牙]Masquespacio coco(编译) luis Beltran(摄影) Masquespacio

西班牙设计公司Masquespacio为美发沙龙品牌We Are Emma米兰新店设计了一个充满欢乐和俏皮氛围的环境。设计师主要是通过色彩和有机形状的运用来实现这一想法的。充满活力的色调和异想天开的形式装饰着整个空间,增添了室内的魅力,营造... 详细信息

西班牙设计公司Masquespacio为美发沙龙品牌We Are Emma米兰新店设计了一个充满欢乐和俏皮氛围的环境。设计师主要是通过色彩和有机形状的运用来实现这一想法的。充满活力的色调和异想天开的形式装饰着整个空间,增添了室内的魅力,营造出轻松愉快的氛围。并且,这种俏皮的氛围并不以牺牲精致为代价。

关键词：美发异想天开愉快的氛围沙龙

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