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Climate change and infectious disease: a review of evidence and research trends

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 89-89页

作者： Paige Van de Vuurst luis e.escobar Virginia Tech Graduate School Translational BiologyMedicineand Health ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Center for emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Global Change Center Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia

Background Climate change presents an imminent threat to almost all biological systems across the *** recent years there have been a series of studies showing how changes in climate can impact infectious disease *** of these publications focus on simulations based on in silico data,shadowing empirical research based on feld and laboratory data.A synthesis work of empirical climate change and infectious disease research is still *** We conducted a systemic review of research from 2015 to 2020 period on climate change and infectious diseases to identify major trends and current gaps of *** was sourced from Web of Science and PubMed literary repositories using a key word search,and was reviewed using a delineated inclusion criteria by a team of *** Our review revealed that both taxonomic and geographic biases are present in climate and infectious disease research,specifcally with regard to types of disease transmission and localities *** investigations on vector-borne diseases associated with mosquitoes comprised the majority of research on the climate change and infectious disease ***,demographic trends in the institutions and individuals published revealed research bias towards research conducted across temperate,high-income *** also identifed key trends in funding sources for most resent literature and a discrepancy in the gender identities of publishing authors which may refect current systemic inequities in the scientifc *** Future research lines on climate change and infectious diseases should considered diseases of direct transmission(non-vector-borne)and more research efort in the *** of local research in low-and middle-income countries was generally *** on climate change and infectious disease has failed to be socially inclusive,geographically balanced,and broad in terms of the disease systems studied,limiting our cap

关键词： Climate change Infectious disease Research trend Systematic review

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Reconstructing landscapes of ungulate parturition and predation using vegetation phenology

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 275-283页

作者： Paige VAN De VUURST Seth A.MOORe edmund J.ISAAC Yvette CHeNAUX-IBRAHIM Tiffany M.WOLF luis e.escobar Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Biology and environment Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior ChippewaGrand PortageMN 55605USA Veterinary Population Medicine University of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

enhanced vegetation index(eVI)data can be used to identify and define the space in which ungulates practice parturition and encounter *** study explores the use of eVI data to identify landscapes linked to ungulate parturition and predation events across space,time,and environmental *** a case study,we used the moose population(Alces alces)of northern Minnesota in the *** remotely sensed eVI data rasters and global positioning system collar data,we quantified how vegetation phenology and moose movement shaped the births and predation of 52 moose calves from 2013 to 2020 on or adjacent to the Grand Portage Indian *** known sources of predation were American black bears(Ursus americanus,n=22)and gray wolves(Canis lupus,n=28).Satellite-derived data summarizing seasonal landscape features at the local level revealed that landscape heterogeneity use by moose can help to quantitatively identify landscapes of parturition and predation in space and time across large *** phenology proved to be differentiable between adult moose ranges,sites of cow parturition,and sites of calf *** characteristics of each moose group were consistent and tractable based on environment,suggesting that sites of parturition and predation of moose are predictable in space and *** is possible that moose selected specific landscapes for parturition despite risk of increased predation of their calves,which could be an example of an"ecological trap."This analytical framework can be employed to identify areas for future ungulate research on the impacts of landscape on parturition and predation dynamics.

关键词： bear eVI moose parturition predation prey vegetation phenology

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Revealing the complexity of vampire bat rabies "spillover transmission"

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第1期12卷 102-110页

作者： luis e.escobar Andres Velasco-Villa Panayampalli S.Satheshkumar Yoshinori Nakazawa Paige Van de Vuurst Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Virginia Tech Graduate School Translational BiologyMedicineand Health ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA Global Change Center Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Center for emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod‑Borne Pathogens Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia Poxvirus and Rabies Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1600 Clifton Rd.NEAtlantaGA 30333USA

Background The term virus'spillover’embodies a highly complex phenomenon and is often used to refer to viral transmission from a primary reservoir host to a new,naïve yet susceptible and permissive host *** transmission can result in a virus becoming pathogenic,causing disease and death to the new host if successful infection and transmission takes *** text The scientific literature across diverse disciplines has used the terms virus spillover,spillover transmission,cross-species transmission,and host shift almost indistinctly to imply the complex process of establishment of a virus from an original host(source/donor)to a naïve host(recipient),which have close or distant taxonomic or evolutionary *** transmission may result in unsuccessful onward transmission,if the virus dies off before ***,successful viral establishment in the new host can occur if subsequent secondary transmission among individuals of the same novel species and among other sympatric susceptible species *** such,virus spillover transmission is a common yet highly complex phenomenon that encompasses multiple subtle stages that can be deconstructed to be studied separately to better understand the drivers of disease *** virus(RABV)is a well-documented viral pathogen which still inflicts heavy impact on humans,companion animals,wildlife,and livestock throughout Latin America due substantial spatial temporal and ecological—natural and expansional—overlap with several virus reservoir ***,the rabies disease system represents a robust avenue through which the drivers and uncertainties surrounding spillover transmission can be unravel at its different subtle stages to better understand how they may be affected by coarse,medium,and fine scale *** The continued study of viral spillover transmission necessitates the elucidation of its complexities to better assess the cross-scale impacts of ecological force

关键词： Bat-borne diseases Rabies Spillover Transmission

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Transmission risk of Oropouche fever across the Americas

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 90-90页

作者： Daniel Romero-Alvarez luis e.escobar Albert J.Auguste Sara Y.Del Valle Carrie A.Manore Biodiversity Institute and Department of ecology&evolutionary Biology Uni-versity of KansasLawrenceKS 66044USA Information Systems and Mod-eling(A-1) Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA OneHealth Research Group Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de las AméricasQuitoEcuador Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacks-burgVA 24061USA Center for emerging Zoonoticand Arthropod-Borne PathogensVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of ento-mology Fralin Life Science InstituteCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Theoretical Biology and Biophysics(T-6) Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA

Background Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)are important contributors to the global burden of infectious diseases due to their epidemic potential,which can result in signifcant population and economic *** fever,caused by Oropouche virus(OROV),is an understudied zoonotic VBD febrile illness reported in Central and South *** epidemic potential and areas of likely OROV spread remain unexplored,limiting capacities to improve epidemiological *** To better understand the capacity for spread of OROV,we developed spatial epidemiology models using human outbreaks as OROV transmission-locality data,coupled with high-resolution satellite-derived vegetation phe‑*** were integrated using hypervolume modeling to infer likely areas of OROV transmission and emergence across the *** Models based on one-support vector machine hypervolumes consistently predicted risk areas for OROV transmission across the tropics of Latin America despite the inclusion of diferent parameters such as diferent study areas and environmental *** estimate that up to 5 million people are at risk of exposure to ***,the limited epidemiological data available generates uncertainty in *** example,some out‑breaks have occurred under climatic conditions outside those where most transmission events *** distribu‑tion models also revealed that landscape variation,expressed as vegetation loss,is linked to OROV *** Hotspots of OROV transmission risk were detected along the tropics of South *** loss might be a driver of Oropouche fever *** based on hypervolumes in spatial epidemiology might be considered an exploratory tool for analyzing data-limited emerging infectious diseases for which little understand‑ing exists on their sylvatic *** transmission risk maps can be used to improve surveillance,investigate OROV ecology and epidemiology,and inform early detection.

关键词： Oropouche virus Oropouche fever Spatial modeling Hypervolumes Distribution modeling Risk mapping One-class support vector machines Convex-hulls

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Neglected tropical diseases risk correlates with poverty and early ecosystem destruction

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 129-129页

作者： Arthur Ramalho Magalhães Cláudia Torres Codeço Jens-Christian Svenning luis e.escobar Paige Van de Vuurst Thiago Gonçalves-Souza Laboratory of ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation (eCOFUN) Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Scientific Computation Program (PROCC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center for ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (eCONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGe) Department of Biology. Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Center for emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Translational Biology Medicine and Health Program Virginia Tech Graduate School Blacksburg USA

Background Neglected tropical diseases affect the most vulnerable populations and cause chronic and debilitating *** vulnerability is a well-known and important determinant of neglected tropical *** example,poverty and sanitation could influence parasite ***,the quantitative impact of socioeconomic conditions on disease transmission risk remains poorly *** This study investigated the role of socioeconomic variables in the predictive capacity of risk models of neglected tropical zoonoses using a decade of epidemiological data(2007–2018)from ***-borne diseases investigated in this study included dengue,malaria,Chagas disease,leishmaniasis,and Brazilian spotted fever,while directly-transmitted zoonotic diseases included schistosomiasis,leptospirosis,and *** and socioeconomic predictors were combined with infectious disease data to build environmental and socioenvironmental sets of ecological niche models and their performances were *** Socioeconomic variables were found to be as important as environmental variables in influencing the estimated likelihood of disease transmission across large spatial *** combination of socioeconomic and environmental variables improved overall model accuracy(or predictive power)by 10%on average(Peaching a maximum of 18%in the case of dengue *** domestic product was the most important socioeconomic variable(37%relative variable importance,all individual models exhibited Pecreasing relationship with disease indicating poverty as a major factor for disease *** of natural vegetation cover between 2008 and 2018 was the most important environmental variable(42%relative variable importance,Penvironmental models,exhibiting a decreasing relationship with disease probability,showing that these diseases are especially prevalent in areas where natural ecosystem destruction is

关键词： Disease ecology ecological niche model Socioecological system Vector-borne diseases Zoonosis Brazil

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel e.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain eAAT-1/GLAST eAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Network analysis to inform invasive species spread among lakes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 1037-1041页

作者： escobar luis e. ROMeRO-ALVAReZ Daniel LARKIN Daniel J. PHeLPS Nicholas B. D. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology-Biodiversity Institute University of KansasLawrenceUSA Department of Fisheries Wildlifeand Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA

Often facilitated by human-mediated pathways,aquatic invasive species are a threat to the health and biodiversity of global *** present a novel approach incorporating survey data of watercraft movement in a social network analysis to reconstruct potential pathways of aquatic invasive species spread between *** an example,we use the green alga Nitellopsis obtusa,also known as starry stonewort,an aquatic invasive species affecting the Great Lakes region in the United States and *** movement of algal fragments via human-mediated pathways(i.e.,watercraft)has been hypothesized as the primary driver of starry stonewort *** used survey data collected at boat ramps during the 2013 and 2014 openwater seasons to describe the flow of watercraft from Lake Koronis,where *** was first detected in Minnesota,to other lakes in the *** results suggest that the risk of *** expansion is not highly constrained by geographic proximity and management efforts should consider highly connected *** human movement via network analysis may help to explain past and future routes of aquatic invasive species infestation between lakes and can improve evidence-based prevention and control efforts.

关键词： Nitellopsis obtusa starry stonewort lake network invasion

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Comparing surgical efficiencies between phacoemulsification systems: a single surgeon retrospective study of 2000 eyes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2022年第4期15卷 581-585页

作者： luis escaf-Jaraba Jorge.escobar-DiazGranados Bartolomé Valdemarín Clínica Oftalmológica del Caribe Barranquilla 080003Colombia Universidad Simón Bolívar Barranquilla 080004Colombia

AIM: To compare under similar conditions intraoperative surgical efficiencies metrics between an active fluidics and a gravity based phacoemulsification ***: Adult patients who were diagnosed with a cataract that compromised visual acuity inferior to 20/40 were included in the study. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a history of severe retinal disorders, clinically significant corneal endothelial dystrophy or history of corneal disease. All phacoemulsification surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Both phacoemulsification systems used the 0.9 mm 45-degree aspiration bypass system Intrepid Balanced tip and the 0.9 mm Intrepid Ultra infusion sleeve. All cataracts were classified using the Lens Opacities Classification System III, cumulative dissipated energy(CDe) and aspiration fluids were measured in each ***: Totally 2000 eyes were included in the study. Phacoemulsification was performed in 1000(50%) eyes with an active fluid dynamics system and in 1000(50%) eyes with a gravity-based fluidic system. Mean CDe until fracture of the lens was 1.1 and 1.9 percent-seconds and total mean CDe used was 5.6 and 7.2 percent-seconds using an active fluidics dynamics system and gravity-based fluidic system, respectively(Pean aspiration fluids used were 70 m L using an active fluidics dynamics system and 85 m L using a gravity-based fluidic system(Pevidences that surgeries performed under similar conditions(same surgeon, phaco tip and sleeve) with the active fluidics dynamics system required significantly lower CDe and aspiration fluids.

关键词： ophthalmology phacoemulsification surgical ef ficiencies cumulative dissipated energy aspiration fluids

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Dynamics of air transport networks：A review from a complex systems perspective

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第2期30卷 469-478页

作者： luis e.C.Rocha Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 17177 Sweden Department of Mathematics University of Namur 5000 Belgium

Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to *** dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system＇s *** the evolutionary mechanisms is thus fundamental in order to better design optimal air transport networks that benefits companies,passengers and the *** this review,we briefly present and discuss the state-of-the-art on time-evolving air transport *** distinguish the structural analysis of sequences of network snapshots,ideal for long-term network evolution（*** evolution）,and temporal paths,preferred for short-term dynamics（*** evolution）.We emphasize that most previous research focused on the first modeling approach（***-term） whereas only a few studies look at high-resolution temporal *** conclude the review highlighting that much research remains to be done,both to apply already available methods and to develop new measures for temporal paths on air transport *** particular,we identify that the study of delays,network resilience and optimization of resources（aircraft and crew） are critical topics.

关键词： Air transport Airport network Complex network Dynamic network Temporal network

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Distal nucleotides affect the rate of stop codon read-through

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Quantitative Biology 2023年第1期11卷 44-58页

作者： Luciana I.escobar Andres M.Alonso Jorge R.Ronderos luis Diambra CReG Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICETLa Plata CP 1900Argentina INTechUniversidad Nacional de San MartinChascomus CP 7130Argentina FCNyMUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata CP 1900Argentina

Background:A key step in gene expression is the recognition of the stop codon to terminate translation at the correct ***,it has been observed that ribosomes can misinterpret the stop codon and continue the translation in the 3′UTR *** phenomenon is called stop codon read-through(SCR).It has been suggested that these events would occur on a programmed basis,but the underlying mechanisms are still not well ***:Here,we present a strategy for the comprehensive identification of SCR events in the Drosophila melanogaster transcriptome by evaluating the ribosomal density *** associated ribosomal leak rate was estimated for every event identified.A statistical characterization of the frequency of nucleotide use in the proximal region to the stop codon in the sequences associated to SCR events was ***:The results show that the nucleotide usage pattern in transcripts with the UGA codon is different from the pattern for those transcripts ending in the UAA codon,suggesting the existence of at least two mechanisms that could alter the translational termination ***,a linear regression models for each of the three stop codons was developed,and we show that the models using the nucleotides at informative positions outperforms those models that consider the entire sequence context to the stop ***:We report that distal nucleotides can affect the SCR rate in a stop-codon dependent manner.

关键词： translational readthrough stop codons translational termination ribosomal density profiles nucleotide usage frequency

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