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Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Models in Hate Speech detection in English

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao Pan Joséantonio García-d.az Rafael Valencia-García departamento de Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Models(LLMs)are increasingly demonstrating their ability to understand natural language and solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capabilities is contextual learning,which involves the ability to receive instructions in natural language or task demonstrations to generate expected outputs for test instances without the need for additional training or gradient *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provided a medium through which some users can engage in offensive and harmful online *** this study,we investigate the ability of different LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can identify sexist and hateful online texts using zero-shot and few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found that the encoder-decoder model called Zephyr achieves the best results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the Explainable detection of Online Sexism(EdOS)test-set and 57.453%on the Multilingual detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter(HatEval)***,it is confirmed that the evaluated models perform well in hate text detection,as they beat the best result in the HatEval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had difficulty distinguishing between types of hate speech and figurative ***,the fine-tuned approach tends to produce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech detection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer:Techniques,applications,and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1680-1705页

作者： Cristina d.az del Arco M Jesús Fernández Aceñero luis Ortega Medina department of Surgical Pathology Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San CarlosHospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain department of Legal Medicine Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain

After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy(LB),this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor,such as nucleic acids,extracellular vesicles,tumor-educated platelets,and other ***,research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma,such as saliva,gastric juice,urine,or *** techniques are diverse,intricate,and *** must be highly sensitive,and pre-analytical,patient,and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold,diagnostic method selection,and potential ***,the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several *** potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases,monitoring treatment response,early identification of relapses,or assessing patient *** the other hand,gastric cancer(GC)is a disease often diagnosed at advanced *** recent advances in molecular understanding,the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these *** application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these *** this comprehensive review,from a pathologist’s perspective,we provide an overview of the main options available in LB,delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques,explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC,and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.

关键词： Liquid biopsy Gastric cancer Circulating tumor cells Cell-free dNA Circulating tumor dNA Molecular

MicroRNA-630:A promising avenue for alleviating inflammation in diabetic kidney disease

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World Journal of diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1398-1403页

作者： Javier donate-Correa Ainhoa González-luis Jésica d.az-Vera Juan Ramón Hernandez-Fernaud Research Unit University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria(UHNSC)Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010Spain department of Biochemistry MicrobiologyCell Biology and GeneticsInstituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de La LagunaSanta Cruz de Tenerife 38000Spain

diabetic kidney disease(dKd)is one of the complications of diabetes,affecting millions of people *** relentless progression of this condition can lead to kidney failure,requiring life-altering interventions such as dialysis or *** evidence suggests that immunologic and inflammatory elements play an important role in initiating and perpetuating the damage inflicted on renal tissues,exacerbating the decline in organ ***-like receptors(TLRs)are a family of receptors that play a role in the activation of the innate immune system by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular *** data from in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the critical role of TLRs,mainly TLR2 and TLR4,in the pathogenesis of *** the diabetic milieu,these TLRs recognize diabetic-associated molecular signals,triggering a proinflammatory cascade that initiates and perpetuates inflammation and fibrogenesis in the diabetic *** non-traditional strategies targeting TLR signaling with potential therapeutic implications in dKd have been *** of these approaches is the use of microRNAs,small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene *** editorial comments on the results of this approach carried out in a rat model of diabetes by Wu et al,published in this issue of the World Journal of *** results of the experimental study by Wu et al shows that microRNA-630 decreased levels compared to non-diabetic ***,microRNA-630 exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the kidneys of diabetic rats through the modulation of *** findings indicate that the microRNA-630/TLR4 axis might represent a pathological mechanism of dKd and a potential therapeutic target capable of curbing the destructive inflammation characteristic of dKd.

关键词： diabetes diabetic kidney disease Inflammation Toll-like receptor 4 microRNA-630

Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Products, Articles, and the Environment in Ecuador

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 49-61页

作者： Heidelore Fiedler luis Vega-Bustillos Jenny Arias-Pastrano Lander Vinicio Pérez-Aldás Jose Castro-d.az MTM Research Centre School of Science and TechnologyÖrebro UniversityÖrebro 70182Sweden Undersecretariat of Environmental Quality Ministry of EnvironmentWater and Ecological Transition of EcuadorQuito 170525Ecuador department of Environmental Chemistry The Technical University of AmbatoHuachi CampusAmbato 180207Ecuador Alternativavision Ambiental Cia.Ltda. Mexico 03100Mexico

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally binding instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accordingly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged to report the production,import,or export of the POPs listed in Annexes A,B,or C;provide information to registers;maintain inventories;and monitor the presence of POPs in the *** the broader context of international chemicals and waste management,producer responsibilities,harmonized reporting,and compliance with national and international regulations,Ecuador has addressed the newly listed group of perfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and sent selected products from its national market for PFAS *** products analyzed came from the initially listed fields of specific exemptions and acceptable purposes,including:fire-fighting foams;photographic aids;greasers/degreasers;various kinds of paper/packaging;textiles;and leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and *** results showed that the three PFAS presently listed in the Stockholm Convention could be quantified in only a few samples;additional PFAS,not yet listed in the Convention also had low detection *** the number of samples was limited,the samples covered a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclude that—once these products become waste and are regulated under the Basel Convention—they would not constitute a disposal ***,verification of the presence of PFAS in products on the market is expected to pose an analytical challenge for both,developed and developing countries.

关键词： Emerging or newly listed POPs Stockholm Convention Products and articles PFAS analysis developing countries

Quality-adjusted life years and surgical waiting list:Systematic review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1155-1164页

作者： Roberto de la Plaza Llamas Lorena Ortega azor Marina Hernández Yuste Ludovica Gorini Raquel Aránzazu Latorre-Fragua daniel Alejandro d.az Candelas Farah Al Shwely Abduljabar Ignacio antonio Gemio del Rey department of General and digestive Surgery Hospital Universitario de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 19002Spain department of Surgery Medical and Social SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AlcaláAlcaláde Henares 28871MadridSpain

BACKGROUNd The quality-adjusted life year(QALY)is a metric that is increasingly used today in the field of health economics to evaluate the value of different medical treatments and *** waiting lists(SWLs)represent a pressing problem in public *** QALY measure has rarely been used in the context of *** would be interesting to know how many QALYs are lost by patients on *** To investigate the relationship between QALYs and SWLs in a systematic review of the scientific *** The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** unlimited search was carried out in PubMed,updated on January 19,*** on the following variables were investigated and analyzed:Specialty,country of study,procedure under study,scale used to measure QALYs,the use of a theoretical or real-life model,objectives of the study and items measured,the economic value assigned to the QALY in the country in question,and the results and conclusions *** Forty-eight articles were selected for the *** data were found regarding QALYs lost on *** specialties in which QALYs were studied the most in relation to the waiting list were urology and general surgery,with 15 articles *** country in which the most studies of QALYs were carried out was the United States(n=21),followed by the United Kingdom(n=9)and Canada(n=7).The most studied procedure was organ transplantation(n=39),including 15 kidney,14 liver,5 heart,4 lung,and 1 ***(n=4),cataract surgery(n=2),bariatric surgery(n=1),mosaicplasty(n=1),and septoplasty(n=1)completed the surgical interventions ***-nine of the models used were theoretical(the most frequently applied being the Markov model,n=34),and nine were *** survey used to measure quality of life in 11 articles was the European Quality of Life-5 dimensions,but in 32 articles the survey was not specified.T

关键词： Quality-adjusted life year Waitlist Quality of life Surgery Systematic review

Risk Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Vaginal Birth after One Cesarean (VBAC-1) in Puerto Rico

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第6期14卷 888-902页

作者： Irazú Guinan Marjorie Suárez Fabiola Angulo luis Mayol Paula Suárez Lisandris dominicci Nathalie Chang Saribel Torres antonio Rodríguez Raymond L. Tremblay Maricarmen Colón-d.az department of Physiology and Pathology San Juan Bautista School of Medicine Caguas USA

Background: Cesarean section (CS) has increased steadily over the last decade, with an estimated one-third of women delivering by cesarean section worldwide. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the demographic and associated factors influencing vaginal birth after one cesarean (VBAC-1) success focusing on variables like pre-pregnancy BMI, diabetes, hypertension, education, and smoking. Study design and Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 285 cases (81 unsuccessful VBAC-1, 204 successful VBAC-1) from San Juan City Hospital (Puerto Rico) between January 1, 2019, and december 31, 2020. We used odds ratios and model selection comparison to assess the impact of variables on successful VBAC-1, using a significance threshold of 95% CI. Model selection assessed binomial model combinations using a generalized linear approach to identify key risk factors. Results: Unsuccessful VBAC-1 (a repeat cesarean), was associated with diabetes (OR: 0.376, p = 0.086), hypertension (OR: 0.23, p = 0.006), and university-educated women (OR: 1.372, p = 0.711). High school-educated women had an OR of 3.966 (p = 0.105), while overweight women were 0.481 times more likely to have unsuccessful VBAC-1 (p = 0.041). Significant associations were not found with obesity (OR: 0.574, p = 0.122), underweight/normal (OR: 1.01, p = 0.810), or smoking (OR: 1.227, p = 0.990). Conclusion: Results revealed women with higher education levels, hypertension, or diabetes are less likely to have a successful VBAC-1. Understanding the complex interactions affecting these outcomes is aimed at establishing guidelines for healthcare professionals to conduct systematic risk/benefit assessments. This study lays a foundation for evidence-based practices and policies, offering initial insights into VBAC-1 success factors in Puerto Rico.

关键词： diabetes Hypertension Obesity Trial of Labor Vaginal Birth after Cesarean

COVId-19 and Indirect Liver Injury:A Narrative Synthesis of the Evidence

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第5期9卷 760-768页

作者： Francisco Idalsoaga Gustavo Ayares Juan Pablo Arab luis antonio d.az departamento de Gastroenterología Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración(CARE) Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile

The liver is frequently affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** most common manifestations are mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase,with a prevalence of 16-53%among *** with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19)seem to have higher rates of acute liver dysfunction,and the presence of abnormal liver tests at admission signifies a higher risk of severe disease during *** with chronic liver diseases also have a higher risk of severe disease and mortality(mainly seen in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease).Several pathways of damage have been proposed in the liver involvement of COVId-19 patients;although,the end-cause is most likely *** liver tests have been attributed to the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in SARS-CoV-2 *** enzyme is expressed widely in cholangiocytes and less in *** factors attributed to liver damage include drug-induced liver injury,uncontrolled release of proinflammatory molecules(“cytokine storm”),pneumonia-associated hypoxia,and direct damage by the *** steatosis,vascular thrombosis,fibrosis,and inflammatory features(including Kupffer cell hyperplasia)are the most common liver histopathological findings in deceased COVId-19 patients,suggesting important indirect mechanisms of liver *** this translational medicinebased narrative review,we summarize the current data on the possible indirect mechanisms involved in liver damage due to COVId-19,the histopathological findings,and the impact of these mechanisms in patients with chronic liver disease.

关键词： COVId-19 SARS-CoV-2 Liver hepatitis Liver injury Novel coronavirus

Microsurgical management of radicular cyst using guided tissue regeneration technique:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第7期12卷 1346-1355页

作者： Juan Carlos Gómez Mireles Eugenia Karina Martínez Carrillo Katia Alcalá Barbosa Evangelina Gutiérrez Cortés Javier González Ramos luis antonio González Gómez Rubén Alberto Bayardo González Sarah Monserrat Lomelí Martínez Periodontics Specialty Department of Integral Dentistry ClinicsCentro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340Mexico Endodontics Specialty Department of Integral Dentistry ClinicsCentro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340Mexico Endodontics Specialty Department of ClinicsCentro Universitario de Los AltosUniversidad de GuadalajaraTepatitlán de Morelos 47620Mexico Specialty in Oral Pathology Surgical-Stomatological DepartmentAutonomous University of GuadalajaraZapopan 45129Mexico Independent Researcher Guadalajara 44340Mexico department of Integral dentistry Clinics Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44340Mexico department of Medical and Life Sciences Centro Universitario de la CiénegaUniversidad de GuadalajaraOcotlán 47810Mexico Master of Public Health Department of Well-being and Sustainable DevelopmentCentro Universitario del NorteUniversidad de GuadalajaraColotlán 46200Mexico

BACKGROUNd Radicular cyst is a lesion of odontogenic origin that arises from epithelial remains due to periapical periodontitis caused by inflammatory reactions generated at the apex of affected teeth with infected or necrotic *** therapeutic mana gement of radicular cysts is *** is only one case report of enucleation of a radicular cyst managed with microsurgery and apicoectomy,but without the use of the guided tissue regeneration(GTR)technique in the same surgical *** present clinical case describes the management of a radicular cyst with microsurgical approach,performance of an apicoectomy of the tooth associated with the entity,application of GTR technique,use of a resorbable membrane of type I bovine collagen,and bovine *** SUMMARY A 68-year-old patient presented with a radicular cyst from an upper lateral *** microsurgical management used was aimed at enucleating the chemical membrane,performing apicoectomy of the tooth along with careful and precise retrograde filling,and implementing GTR technique using a resorbable collagen membrane and bovine *** diagnosis of radicular cyst was confirmed using histopathological *** patient underwent follow-up evaluations at 10 and 30 d *** 4 months postoperative evaluation,she remained asymptomatic,and radiographs showed significant periapical healing with adequate bone *** These results suggest that microsurgical management using the GTR technique with collagen membrane and xenograft,contributes to bone regeneration.

关键词： Odontogenic cysts Apical periodontal cyst dental root end cyst Case report

Ni-based catalysts obtained from perovskites oxides for ethanol steam reforming

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燃料化学学报 2018年第11期46卷 1332-1341页

作者： Fabiola Nerina Agüero Jose antonio Alonso Maria Teresa Fernández-d.az luis Eduardo Cadus Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química(INTEQUI) UNSL-CONICETAlmirante Brown 14555700 San LuisArgentina Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCantoblanco28049 MadridSpain Institut Laue-Langevin B.P.156F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9France

Perovskites as host structures of cations were used in order to generate in situ active and stable catalysts for ethanol steam reforming. For this purpose,La_(1-x)Mg_xAl_(1-y)Ni_yO_3(x = 0.1; y = 0,0.1,0.2,0.3) perovskites were synthetized by the citrate *** segregation is evident for a substitution level higher than 0. 2. The segregation of Ni as NiO generated species interacts with different metal-support after the reduction step. The y = 0.1 catalyst presents the highest H_2 yield value about 85% during reaction time,with low mean values of CH_4 and CO selectivities of 3.4% and 11%,respectively and a low carbon formation. The better performance of y = 0.1 catalyst could be attributed to the minor proportion of segregated phases,thus a controlled expulsion of Ni is successfully reached.

关键词： perovskites catalyst design ethanol steam reforming