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Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children: The role of nasal cytology

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2013年第2期3卷 133-138页

作者： Maria Cristina Provero Alberto Macchi Sara Antognazza Maddalena Marinoni luigi nespoli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Insubria c/o Ospedale Filippo del Ponte Varese Italy Otorhinolaringology Clinic University of Insubria Varese AICNA c/o Ospedale di Circolo Varese Italy

Nasal cytology is a diagnostic tool currently used in rhinology to study either allergic and vasomotor rhinological disorders or infectious and inflammatory rhinitis. Over the past few years nasal cytology has been rarely used in pediatrics, nevertheless its clinical and scientific applications seem to be very promising. The advantages of this technique are different: the ease of performance, the noninvasiveness allowing repetition and the low cost. We evaluated 100 children, from 2 to 15 years old, referred to our outpatient service for allergic children for suspected allergic rhinitis (AR). After skin prick test (SPT) or Radio Allergo Sorbent Test (RAST), 59/100 subjects were classified as affected by AR, while 8 children refused to be tested. According to ARIA guidelines, the 59 children with AR (4 - 15 years old) were divided in 56 with persistent AR and 3 with an intermittent form. Nine out of 59 children with AR had a significant number of neutrophils and eosinophils at the nasal cytology, documenting the presence of “minimal persistent inflammation”. Eleven out of 59 AR patients showed a positive swab for bacteria. Children with nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) were 33/100 (2 - 15 years old). After nasal cytology, 17/33 children were classified as NARES (nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophils), including one X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) child, 1/33 as NARESMA (nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophils and mast cell) and another 1/33 as NARMA (nonallergic rhinitis with mast cell). In conclusion, nasal cytology allowed us to correctly classify children with NAR and to better assess the condition of children with AR.

关键词： Allergic Rhinitis Children Nasal Cytology Nonallergic Rhinitis X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

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Allergies in Children: What’s New?—A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第4期5卷 296-303页

作者： Daniela Simoncini Anna Peirolo Alberto Macchi Stefania Porcu Daniela Graziani luigi nespoli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Insubria c/o Ospedale Filippo del Ponte Varese Italy Otorhinolaringology Clinic University of Insubria Varese AICNA c/o Ospedale di Circolo Varese Italy

Background: The prevalence of respiratory allergies is increasing worldwide, with important consequences especially for little children. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory allergies, such as rhinitis and asthma, and to point out the risk factors and their relationship with allergic diseases in a specific area of Northern Italy. Methods: 110 children, male and female, from our outpatient service for allergic children, between 3 and 17 years old, were examined. After a skin prick test and a nasal cytology, the written questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was filled by parents together with their children. Results: 110 children were examined. 74% of children had rhinitis and 71% asthma. 88 patients were allergic, grass pollen and house dust mite was the most frequent allergens. A family history of atopy, family background, geographic area, active and passive smoking and home pets were associated to allergies. Older children (6 - 15 years old) had more often rhinitis associated with asthma and conjunctivitis as compared to younger. 21 Children were also affected by non allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: Respiratory allergies are widespread and associated to a low quality of life among little children. Sensitization to Ragweed is increasing with important consequences. Rhinitis precedes the onset of asthmatic symptoms. Moreover non allergic rhinitis is increasing and frequently underdiagnosed.

关键词： Allergies Environment Asthma Rhinitis

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