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Construction,expression and binding specificity of bispecific CD3×VEGFR-2 and CD3×NCAM antibodies in the single chain and diabody format

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第5期4卷 654-664页

作者： Anke Kopacek Thomas Boldicke Sarah Lergenmüller Frank Berthold Markus Jensen Peter P.Müller ludger grosse-hovest Helmholtz Center for Infection Research Department of Molecular BiotechnologyBraunschweigGermany Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology University of CologneUniversity Hospital CologneCologneGermany Institute for Cell Biology Department of ImmunologyEberhard Karls UniversityTübingenGermany

Bispecific antibodies are recombinant proteins with novel immunological properties and therapeutic potential. Recombinant protein quality and activity of several bispecific antibodies comprising different variable domain combinations with respect to the parental monospecific single chain fragments (scFv) were evaluated after expression in bacteria or mammalian cells. The parental scFv proteins humanized anti-NCAM scFv, murine anti-VEGFR-2 scFv, murine and humanized anti-CD3 scFv, respectively, could successfully be expressed in E. coli, whereas the murine anti-NCAM scFv version could not be reliably detected. Bispecific CD3 × VEGFR-2 and CD3 × NCAM anti-bodies were expressed in the bispecific single chain and the single chain diabody format. However, the diabody derived from the murine anti-NCAM scFv could not efficiently be expressed in E. coli or in mammalian cells. Significant binding of the CD3 × NCAM single chain diabody comprising the humanized version of anti-CD3 and humanized version of anti-NCAM was efficient to both antigens. Nevertheless, binding of the bispecific single chain version to the NCAM antigen was inefficient in comparison to CD3 binding. In conclusion, the data could indicate that the result of scFv expression in bacteria may be predictive for the chances of success for functional expression of more complex bispecific derivatives.

关键词： Recombinant Antibody Single Chain Diabody Bispecific Antibody Protein Expression

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Seasonal Variability of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Under Arable Land

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 380-386页

作者： Henning SCHIEDUNG ludger BORNEMANN Gerhard WELP Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation Soil Science and Soil Ecology Nussallee 13 University of Bonn 53115 Bonn (Germany)

Carbon fractions in soils apparently vary not only in space, but also over time. A lack of knowledge on the seasonal variability of labile carbon fractions under arable land hampers the reliability and comparability of soil organic carbon(SOC) surveys from different studies. Therefore, we studied the seasonal variability of two SOC fractions, particulate organic matter(POM) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC), under maize cropping: POM was determined as the SOC content in particle-size fractions, and DOC was measured as the water-extractable SOC(WESOC) of air-dried soil. Ammonium, nitrate, and water-extractable nitrogen were measured as potential regulating factors of WESOC formation because carbon and nitrogen cycles in soils are strongly connected. There was a significant annual variation of WESOC(coefficient of variation(CV) = 30%). Temporal variations of SOC in particle-size fractions were smaller than those of WESOC. The stocks of SOC in particle-size fractions decreased with decreasing particle sizes, exhibiting a CV of 20%for the coarse sand-size fraction(250–2 000 μm), of 9% for the fine sand-size fraction(50–250 μm), and of 5% for the silt-size fraction(20–50 μm). The WESOC and SOC in particle-size fractions both peaked in March and reached the minimum in May/June and August, respectively. These results indicate the importance of the time of soil sampling during the course of a year, especially when investigating WESOC.

关键词： carbon turnover carbon pools dissolved organic carbon particle-size fractions particulate organic matter time of sailsampling water-extractable soil organic carbon

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Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure:A data-driven computational approach

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第3期13卷 639-649页

作者： Hao Hua ludger hovestadt Qian Wang School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Chair of Digital Architectonics ETH ZürichZürich 8093Switzerland Shanghai Huihuajia Software Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200082China

Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving *** propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential *** high-rise apartment buildings have widely employed shear wall-frame structure in which one big room or multiple small rooms could occupy the same *** multiple floor plans into a fixed sparse scheme of shear walls and columns is *** developed a computational framework to seek flexible structural schemes.A building scheme consists of a circulation core,shear walls,columns,and *** computer program automatically adapts floor plans to any drawn or generated *** on a large dataset of apartment layouts,the number of apartments that fit into a building scheme statistically reflects the flexibility of the *** many hypothetical plans can fit into a wallframe structure in computer simulation,this structure could probably support several generations of unknown *** a data-driven computational method provides the possibility of creating a one-to-many mapping between permanent structure and evolving apartment plans.

关键词： Flexible housing High-rise apartment Data driven Computational design Wall-frame structure

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Upper risk bounds in internal factor models with constrained specification sets

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2020年第1期5卷 38-67页

作者： Jonathan Ansari ludger Ruschendorf Department of Quantitative Finance Albert-Ludwigs University of FreiburgPlatz der Alten Synagoge 1KG II79098 Freiburg i.Br.Germany Department of Mathematical Stochastics Albert-Ludwigs University of FreiburgErnst-Zermelo-Straße 179104 FreiburgGermany

For the class of(partially specified)internal risk factor models we establish strongly simplified supermodular ordering results in comparison to the case of general risk factor *** allows us to derive meaningful and improved risk bounds for the joint portfolio in risk factor models with dependence information given by constrained specification sets for the copulas of the risk components and the systemic risk *** proof of our main comparison result is not *** is based on grid copula approximation of upper products of copulas and on the theory of mass *** application to real market data shows considerable improvement over the standard method.

关键词： Risk bounds Risk factor model Supermodular order Convex order Convex risk measure Upper product of bivariate copulas Comonotonicity

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Urban traffic modeling and pattern detection using online map vendors and self-organizing maps

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第4期10卷 715-728页

作者： Zifeng Guo Biao Li ludger hovestadt Department of Architecture Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich(ETHZ)Zurich8093Switzerland School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China

Typical traffic modeling approaches,such as network-based methods and simulation models,have been shown inadequate for urban-scale studies due to the fidelity issue of *** a go-around,data-driven models have received increasing attention ***,most data-driven methods have been restricted by their data source and cannot be scaled up to manage urban-and regional-scale *** this issue,this research proposes a pipeline that collects traffic data from online map vendors to bypass data limitations for large-scale *** study consists of two experiments:1)recognizing the dominant traffic patterns of cities and 2)site-specific predictions of typical traffic or the most probable locations of patterns of *** experiments were conducted on 32 Swiss cities using traffic data that were collected for a two-month *** results show that dominant patterns can be extracted from the temporal traffic data,and similar patterns exist not only in various parts of a city but also in different ***,the results reveal that a country-level lockdown decreased traffic congestions in regional highways but increased those connections near the city centers and the country borders.

关键词： Urban traffic patterns Data-driven modeling Urban management Map vendors

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Cloud Computing Based Optimal Driving for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2019年第1期28卷 155-161页

作者： Jie Fan Yuan Zou Zehui Kong ludger Heide National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of Technology

A cloud computing based optimal driving method is proposed and its feasibility is validated through a real-world scenario *** on principles of vehicle dynamics,the driving optimization problem has been formulated into an optimal control problem constrained by traffic rules,directed at achieving lower equivalent fuel consumption and shorter travel *** order to conveniently specify the constraints and facilitate the application of the dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,the driving optimization problem is transformed into spatial domain and discretized *** the heavy computational costs of the DP algorithm,a cloud computing based platform structure is proposed to solve the optimal driving problem in real-time.A case study is simulated based on a real-world traffic scenario in *** results demonstrate that the cloud computing framework is promising toward realizing the real-time energy management for hybrid electric vehicles.

关键词： hybrid electric vehicle cloud computing optimal driving energy management

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Root overlap and allocation of above- and belowground growth of European beech in pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir and Norway spruce

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 591-602页

作者： Amani S.Lwila Christian Ammer Oliver Gailing ludger Leinemann Martina Mund Department of Silviculture&Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Center for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-Use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 237077GöttingenGermany Forestry Research and Competence Centre Gotha Jägerstraße 1D-99867Germany

Site conditions and species identity have a combined effect on fine root growth of trees in pure and mixed ***,mechanisms that may contribute to this effect are rarely studied,even though they are essential to assess the potential of species to cope with climate *** study examined fine root overlap and the linkage between fine root and stem growth of European beech(Fagus sylvatica)growing in pure and mixed stands with Douglas fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii)or Norway spruce(Picea abies)at two different study sites in northwestern *** study sites represented substantially different soil and climate *** each site,three stands,and at each stand,three pairs of trees were *** the pure beech stand,the pairs consisted of two beech trees,while in the mixed stands each pair was composed of a beech tree and a *** each pair,three evenly spaced soil cores were taken monthly throughout the growing *** the pure beech stands,microsatellite markers were used to assign the fine roots to individual *** in stem diameter of beech were quantified and then upscaled to aboveground wood productivity with automatic high-resolution circumference *** found that fine root overlap between neighboring trees varied independently of the distance between the paired trees or the stand types(pure versus mixed stands),indicating that there was no territorial *** wood productivity(wood NPP)and fine root productivity(root NPP)showed similar unimodal seasonal patterns,peaking in ***,this pattern was more distinct for root NPP,and root NPP started earlier and lasted longer than wood *** influence of site conditions on the variation in wood and root NPP of beech was stronger than that of stand *** NPP was,as expected,higher at the richer site than at the poorer *** contrast,root NPP was higher at the poorer than at the richer *** concluded that beech can respond to limited resources

关键词： Fine root growth Stem growth Trade-off Cost-benefit ratio Belowground territoriality Conspecific neighbors Heterospecific neighbors

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Risk excess measures induced by hemi-metrics

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2018年第1期3卷 175-209页

作者： Olivier P.Faugeras ludger Ruschendorf Toulouse School of Economics-Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole Manufacture des Tabacs21 All´ee´de Brienne31000 ToulouseFrance Abteilung fur Mathematische Stochastik Albert-Ludwigs University of FreiburgEckerstrasse 1¨D-79104 FreiburgGermany

The main aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of risk excess measure,to analyze its properties,and to describe some basic construction *** compare the risk excess of one distribution Q w.r.t.a given risk distribution P,we apply the concept of hemi-metrics on the space of probability *** view of risk comparison has a natural basis in the extension of orderings and hemi-metrics on the underlying space to the level of probability *** examples of these kind of extensions are induced by mass transportation and by function class induced *** view towards measuring risk excess adds to the usually considered method to compare risks of Q and P by the valuesρ(Q),ρ(P)of a risk measureρ.We argue that the differenceρ(Q)−ρ(P)neglects relevant aspects of the risk excess which are adequately described by the new notion of risk excess *** derive various concrete classes of risk excess measures and discuss corresponding ordering and measure extension properties.

关键词： Risk measure Mass transportation Hemi-metric Stochastic order

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Path-dependent backward stochastic Volterra integral equations with jumps,differentiability and duality principle

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2018年第1期3卷 109-145页

作者： ludger Overbeck Jasmin A.L.Roder Institute of Mathematics University of GießenArndtsraße 235392 GießenGermany

We study the existence and uniqueness of a solution to path-dependent backward stochastic Volterra integral equations(BSVIEs)with jumps,where path-dependence means the dependence of the free term and generator of a path of a c`adl`ag ***,we prove path-differentiability of such a solution and establish the duality principle between a linear path-dependent forward stochastic Volterra integral equation(FSVIE)with jumps and a linear path-dependent BSVIE with *** a result of the duality principle we get a comparison theorem and derive a class of dynamic coherent risk measures based on path-dependent BSVIEs with jumps.

关键词： Path-dependent backward stochastic Volterra integral equation Jump diffusion Path-differentiability Duality principle Comparison theorem Functional Ito formula Dynamic coherent risk measure

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UV-LED projection photolithography for high-resolution functional photonic components

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第4期7卷 149-159页

作者： Lei Zheng Urs Zywietz Tobias Birr Martin Duderstadt ludger Overrmeyer Bernhard Roth Carsten Reinhardt Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies Leibniz University HannoverHannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD(Photonics Opticsand Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines)HannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V HannoverLower Saxony 30167Germany Institute of Transport and Automation Technology Leibniz University HannoverGarbsenLower Saxony 30823Germany Bremen University of Applied Science BremenBremen 28199Germany

The advancement of micro-and nanostructuring techniques in optics is driven by the demand for continuous miniaturization and the high geometrical accuracy of photonic devices and integrated ***,UV-LED projection photolithography is demonstrated as a simple and low-cost approach for rapid generation of two-dimensional optical micro-and nanostructures with high resolution and accuracy using standard optics *** developed system enables the projection of structure patterns onto a substrate with 1000-fold *** devices,e.g.,waveguides and microring resonators,on rigid or flexible substrates with varied geometrical complexity and overall structure dimensions from the nanometer to centimeter scale were successfully *** particular,high-resolution gratings with feature sizes down to 150 nm and periods as small as 400 nm were realized for the first time by this *** made of doped laser active materials were fabricated,and their spontaneous emission was *** demonstrated superior performance of the developed approach may find wide applications in photonics,plasmonics,and optical materials science,among others.

关键词： projection resolution optics

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