Objective: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving emergency procedure, but it is a complex skill that is difficult to teach. Recent studies have shown that video laryngoscopy is effective in teaching ETI to le...
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Objective: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving emergency procedure, but it is a complex skill that is difficult to teach. Recent studies have shown that video laryngoscopy is effective in teaching ETI to learners at various levels of medical expertise;however, it has proven to be costly and provides images of inconsistent quality. In this educational proof of concept feasibility convenience sample pilot study, we aim to explore and compare the effectiveness of using modified Google Glass? (GG) and GoPro? (GP) technologies to visualize and teach ETI to critical care physicians in the austere medical environment of a low-income country. We propose, based on our findings, that this inexpensive technology could teach lifesaving ETI to pre-hospital providers in the austere medical environment, medical students, rural emergency physicians, critical care physicians in low-income countries, far forward military medical providers, and other learners. Methods: A case series of twenty-five patients, five in the United States (US) at Memorial Hospital in South Bend, IN and twenty at Saint Luc’s Hospital in Port Au Prince, Haiti, is presented. These patients were collected from November 1st 2015 through February 1st of 2016. The anesthesiologist and the emergency physicians in the United States utilized GG to intubate five patients in the US prior to the twenty patients intubated during two separate trips to Haiti. On the two separate trips to Haiti, the GG was trialed and modified to obtain better exposure. These adaptations resulted in the final collection of twenty patients studied with the adapted GG system and GP. Physicians graded airway visualization based on LEMON and Cormack-Lehane scores. Previously published parameters for the assessment of failed intubation risk and passage of the cords were used as data points for analysis using a Likert-Scale analysis for each parameter. The data were analyzed by averages of Likert-Scale scoring with their respective sta
The objective of this study was to assess the chlorophyll content of corn lines at different vegetative stages and the diversity between them. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Roque Institute o...
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The objective of this study was to assess the chlorophyll content of corn lines at different vegetative stages and the diversity between them. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Roque Institute of Technology (ITR) located in Roque, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. We used 32 corn lines from CIMMYT and four lines from the breeding program of the ITR. The evaluation was conducted in the spring-summer cycle of 2014 at two planting dates. We used a completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental unit consisted of two rows of five linear meters with a distance of 0.75 meters between rows. Chlorophyll was measured at six different stages: V6, VT, R3, R4, R5 and MF. The agronomic variables recorded were: PH, CH, LAC, LBC, FF, MF, PM, CC, CL, DC, RC, KR and GY. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences between lines, dates and their interaction. On average, 18 lines were found with chlorophyll concentrations above 51 SPAD units in the two environments. This indicated that these materials had a high potential for field performance. Using cluster analysis UPGMA method, we identified seven groups for chlorophyll and eight groups for agronomic characteristics for a breeding program. The groups were associated to the homogeneous characteristics of each variable.
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