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Anthropogenic pressures increase extinction risk of an isolated Asian elephant(Elephas maximus)population in southwestern China,as revealed by a combination of molecular-and landscape-scale approaches

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1078-1094页

作者： Ying CHEN Yakuan SUN luciano atzeni Luke GIBSON Mei HUA Keyu LI Kun SHI David DUDGEON School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Eco-Bridge Continental BeijingChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ChangchunChina School of Earth Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina

Identiﬁcation of the effect of anthropogenic threats on ecosystem is crucial.We used molecular tools and remote sensing to evaluate the population status of an isolated Asian elephant population in southwestern China in response to changes in habitat suitability between 1989 and 2019.A total of 22 unique genotypes were identiﬁed from 117 dung samples collected between March and June 2018 using microsatellite DNA analysis,including 13 males and 9 females.Based on the size of fecal boli,1 animal was a juvenile,9 were subadults,and 12 were adults,indicating that recruitment was limited.The effective population size was small(15.3)but there was no signature of a recent population bottleneck.We observed a low genetic diversity(He=0.46±0.05)and a high level of inbreeding(Fis of 0.43±0.11),suggesting low population viability and high risk of extinction.In total,these elephants lost nearly two thirds(62%)of their habitat in 3 decades.The expansion of agriculture and rubber plantations followed by an increase in human settlements after 1989 increased the isolation of this population.We recommend that resettlement of 800 inhabitants of 2 villages and the abandonment of associated farmland and rubber plantations would make an additional 20 km2 of suitable habitat available.This could allow a population increase of 14 elephants,possibly by translocating individuals from elsewhere in China.Ourﬁndings can be applied to the management and conservation of other fragmented populations in China or in other range countries of Asian elephants.

关键词： fragmentation inbreeding isolation land-use change population viability

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Spatiotemporal behavior of predators and prey in an arid environment of Central Asia

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 670-681页

作者： Marcello Franchini luciano atzeni Sandro Lovari Battogtokh Nasanbat Samiya Ravchig Francisco Ceacero Herrador Giovanni Bombieri Claudio Augugliaro Department of Research and Conservation Wildlife Initiative ItaliaVia Rovigo1231040 Pederobba(TV)Italy Department of Agri-Food Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineVia Sondrio 2/A33100UdineItaly Wildlife Institute School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Maremma Natural History Museum Grossetoand Department of Life SciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic Institute of Biology Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia School of Arts and Sciences National University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia World Biodiversity Association—C/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Lungadige Porta Vittoria 937129 VeronaItalia Wildlife Initiative Bayangol6th KhorooMicro District 10Ulaanbaatar 210349Mongolia Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBiophoreQuartier SorgeLausanneCH-1015Switzerland

The mechanisms of interactions between apex and smaller carnivores may range from competition to facilitation.Conversely,interactions between predators and prey are mainly driven by the prey reducing the likelihood of encounters with predators.In this study,we investigated(1)the spatiotemporal interactions between an apex(the snow leopard)and a meso-predator(the red fox),and(2)the temporal interactions between the snow leopard and its potential prey(Siberian ibex,argali,Asian wild ass,Tolai hare)through camera trapping in the Mongolian Great Gobi-A.The probability of occurrence for the red fox was higher in the presence of the snow leopard than in its absence.Moreover,the red fox activity pattern matched that of the snow leopard,with both species mostly active at sunset.This positive spatiotemporal interaction suggests that the presence of the snow leopard may be beneficial for the red fox in terms of scavenging opportunities.However,other explanations may also be possible.Amongst prey,the Siberian ibex and the argali were mainly active during the day,whereas the Asian wild ass and the Tolai hare were more nocturnal.These findings suggest that potential prey(especially the Siberian ibex and the argali)may shape their behavior to decrease the opportunity for encounters with the snow leopard.Our results have revealed complex interactions between apex and smaller predators andbetween apexpredatorand its potential prey.

关键词： avoidance facilitation Mongolia Panthera uncia ungulates Vulpes vulpes

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Assessment of habitat suitability of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve based on MaxEnt modeling

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Zoological Research 2018年第6期39卷 373-386页

作者： De-Feng Bai Peng-Ju Chen luciano atzeni Lhaba Cering Qian Li Kun Shi Wildfife Institute School of Nature Conservation Beiiing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Everest Snow Leopard Conservation Center Rikaze Xizang 857000 China Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Administration Rikaze Xizang 857000 China Eco-Bridge Continental Beijing 100085 China

Habitat evaluation constitutes an important and fundamental step in the management of wildlife populations and conservation policy planning. Geographic information system （GIS） and species presence data provide the means by which such evaluation can be done. Maximum Entropy （MaxEnt） is widely used in habitat suitability modeling due to its power of accuracy and additional descriptive properties To survey snow leopard populations in Qomolangma （Mt. Everest） National Nature Reserve （QNNR）, Xizang （Tibet）, China, we pooled 127 pugmarks, 415 scrape marks, and 127 non-invasive identifications of the animal along line transects and recorded 87 occurrences through camera traps from 2014-2017. We adopted the MaxEnt model to generate a map highlighting the extent of suitable snow leopard habitat in QNNR. Results showed that the accuracy of the MaxEnt model was excellent （mean AUC=0.921）. Precipitation in the driest quarter, ruggedness, elevation, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors influencing habitat suitability for snow leopards, with contribution rates of 20.0%, 14.4%, 13.3%, 8.7%, and 8.2% respectively The suitable habitat area extended for 7 001.93 km^2, representing 22.72% of the whole reserve. The regions bordering Nepal were the main suitable snow leopard habitats and consisted of three separate habitat patches Our findings revealed that precipitation, temperature conditions, ruggedness, and elevations of around 4 000 m a.s.I, influenced snow leopard preferences at the landscape level in QNNR. We advocate further research and cooperation with Nepal to evaluate habitat connectivity and to explore possible proxies of population isolation among these patches. Furthermore, evaluation of subdivisions within the protection zones of QNNR is necessary to improve conservation strategies and enhance protection.

关键词： Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Snow leopard MaxEnt Habitat suitability assessment Tibet

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Unveiling the silent crisis:global burden of suicide‑related deaths among children aged 10–14 years

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 371-391页

作者： Irmina Maria Michalek Pawel Koczkodaj Marzena Michalek Florentino luciano Caetano dos Santos Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncologyul.Wawelska 15 BWarsawPoland Private Psychiatric Practice-Marzena Michalek MDSiedlcePoland Harvard Business School Harvard UniversityBostonMAUSA

Background The rise in suicides among children aged 10–14 years demands urgent attention globally.This study aims to assess the global burden of suicide-related deaths in this age group from 1990 to 2019,considering factors such as sex,geography,and sociodemographics,to inform prevention strategies and interventions.Methods The data from Global Burden of Disease 2019,encompassing 204 countries and territories,were analyzed to investigate deaths and years of life lost(YLLs)due to suicide among children aged 10–14 years.Statistical analyses,including mortality rates,YLLs,and the sociodemographic index(SDI),were conducted using standardized tools.Results In 2019,a total of 8327[95%uncertainty interval(UI)=7073–9685]children aged 10–14 years died globally due to suicide,with a mortality rate of 1.30(95%UI=1.10–1.51)per 100,000.The rates varied across countries/territories ranging between 0.05(95%UI=0.02–0.10)in South Africa and 7.49(95%UI=5.13–10.57)in Greenland.The contribution of suicide-related deaths to all-cause mortality ranged from 0.07%(95%UI=0.04%–0.15%)in South Africa to 33.02%(95%UI=24.36%–41.53%)in Greenland.Worldwide,there were approximately 636,196(95%UI=540,383–740,009)YLLs due to suicide,with a rate of 99.07(95%UI=84.15–115.23)per 100,000.The association between SDI and suicide-related deaths was evident,with higher contributions observed in countries with higher SDI.Conclusions This study reveals a concerning global burden of suicide-related deaths among children aged 10–14 years.Despite progress in reducing mortality rates,suicide remains a significant issue.While overall rates have declined,the percentage of deaths caused by suicide in this age group is increasing.

关键词： Early adolescent Global Burden of Disease Incidence Suicide Years of life lost

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Rheological and stability analysis of cement pastes incorporating silica-based wastes

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 144-152页

作者： Julia da Rosa Martins Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha Dachamir Hotza luciano Senff Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering(PPGMAT) Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Florianópolis88040-900SCBrazil Graduate Program in Civil Engineering(PPGEC) Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Florianópolis88040-900SCBrazil Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering(POSENQ) Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Florianópolis88040-900SCBrazil Department of Mobility Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)Joinville89219-600SCBrazil

This study investigates the influence of waste characteristics,especially zeta potential,on the properties of cement pastes and solutions.The focus is to evaluate the impact of the zeta potential of cement particles and waste materials on the sedimentation speed,rheology,and hardening time of stabilized cement pastes.Portland Cement II F 40,retarder additive,silica,and fly ash were used in the research.The pastes were prepared,and during the stabilization period,their rheological properties and pH were evaluated.The zeta potential and sedimentation speed of the cement and waste particles were measured at the pH that the pastes presented during the entire stabilization period.After the stabilization period,the pastes were subjected to the hardening time test.The zeta potential analyses revealed diverse values for the different powder types,with the cement particles exhibiting a zeta potential of−3.0 mV,the silica particles exhibiting−10.5 mV,and the fly ash particles exhibiting−20.3 mV.The influence of the high zeta potential modulus was observed on the sedimentation speed,with the solution containing fly ash exhibiting a speed of 40.01μm/s,whereas the solution containing only cement exhibited a speed of 99.38μm/s.In the pastes,the results indicate that the presence of fly ash particles with a significantly negative zeta potential led to a 16%reduction in hardening time compared to particles with a lower modulus of zeta potential.Rheometry tests showed that the inclusion of fly ash particles prevented the formation of agglomerates.Although the zeta potential influenced agglomerate formation and hardening time,it was found to have no effect on yield stress or viscosity.

关键词： Wastes Zeta potential Setting time Rheometry

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Overlapping approach Proton Pump Inhibitors/Nux vomica-Heel as new intervention for gastro-esophageal reflux management:Delphi consensus study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2467-2478页

作者： Edda Battaglia luciano Bertolusso Marco Del Prete Marco Monzani Marco Astegiano Gastroenterology Unit ASLTO4Ivrea 10015TurinItaly General Practitioner ASL CN2Alba-Bra 12051CuneoItaly Specialist in Nephrology International Academy of Physiological Regulating Medicine Milan 20100Italy Specialist in Endocrinology Territorial Social and Health Authority of BrianzaMonza 20900Italy Gastroenterology Specialist Retired from Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitAOU Cittàdella Salute e della ScienzaTurin 10123Italy

BACKGROUND Gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)may affect the upper digestive tract;up to 20%of population in Western nations are affected by GERD.Antacids,histamine H2-receptor antagonists,and Proton Pump Inhibitors(PPIs)are considered the referring medications for GERD.Nevertheless,PPIs must be managed carefully because their use,especially chronic,could be linked with some adverse effects.An effective and safe alternative pharmacological tool for GERD is needed.After the identification of potentially new medications to flank PPIs,it is mandatory to revise and improve good clinical practices even through a consensus process.AIM To optimize diagnosis and treatment guidelines for GERD through a consensus based on Delphi method.METHODS The availability of clinical studies describing the action of the multicomponent/multitarget medication Nux vomica-Heel,subject of the consensus,is the basic prerequisite for the consensus itself.A modified Delphi process was used to reach a consensus among a panel of Italian GERD specialists on the overlapping approach PPIs/Nux vomica-Heel as a new intervention model for the management of GERD.The Voting Consensus group was composed of 49 Italian Medical Doctors with different specializations:Gastroenterology,otolaryngology,geriatrics,and general medicine.A scientific committee analyzed the literature,determined areas that required investigation(in agreement with the multiple-choice questionnaire results),and identified two topics of interest:(1)GERD disease;and(2)GERD treatment.Statements for each of these topics were then formulated and validated.The Delphi process involved two rounds of questioning submitted to the panel experts using an online platform.RESULTS According to their routinary GERD practice and current clinical evidence,the panel members provided feedback to each questionnaire statement.The experts evaluated 15 statements and reached consensus on all 15.The statements regarding the GERD disease showed high levels of agreement,with consensus ranging from 70%to 92%.

关键词： Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Proton Pump Inhibitors Consensus Nux vomica-Heel Overlapping Decalage

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Weather influenced nestling growth of an insectivorous but not a granivorous grassland passerine in Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 156-162页

作者： Martín Alejandro Colombo Adrian Jauregui luciano N.Segura Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves.Institute“Dr.Raúl A.Ringuelet”(ILPLA)-UNLP/CONICET Boulevard 1201437La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina

Nestling growth of birds can be affected by weather fluctuations.In general,it is expected that higher temper-atures favor growth by improving food availability and nestling metabolism,while rain hinders it by reducing foraging efficiency.However,most of these patterns have been described in insectivorous cavity-nesting birds in temperate forests.We tested these predictions in two neotropical grassland ground-nesting birds with contrasting nestling diets and therefore potentially different responses to weather.We measured nestlings of the Hellmayr’s Pipit(Anthus hellmayri,an insectivorous passerine)and the Grassland Yellow-Finch(Sicalis luteola,which feeds its nestlings exclusively with seeds)during three breeding seasons(2017-2020)in central-eastern Argentina.We took measurements of tarsus and body mass,modeled growth curves using nonlinear mixed-effects models,and evaluated the effects of minimum daily temperature and precipitation during the growth period and the 30 days prior to hatching.For pipits(60 nestlings from 21 nests),minimum temperatures during the growth period were positively associated with tarsus and body mass asymptotes.Also,there was a positive association between precipitation during the pre-hatching period and tarsus asymptote.Conversely,none of the weather variables analyzed had significant effects on nestling growth of finches(131 nestlings from 35 nests).Dietary contrast between species may explain the different results.Arthropod activity and abundance can be affected by weather variations within the span of a breeding season,whereas seeds may depend on conditions from previous years,making the effects harder to detect.Fledglings with reduced asymptotic size can have reduced chances of sur-vival.Hence,pipit populations could be impacted if they experience cold and dry conditions during their breeding season,which is of major relevance in the current context of climate change.

关键词： Finches Grassland birds Neotropical birds Pipits Precipitation Temperature

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Verification and Validation of High-Resolution Inviscid and Viscous Conical Nozzle Flows

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 533-549页

作者： luciano K.Araki Rafael B.de R.Borges Nicholas Dicati P.da Silva Chi-Wang Shu Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of ParanáCuritiba81531-980ParanáBrazil Mathematics and Statistics Institute Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro20550-900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of MaringáMaringá87020-900ParanáBrazil Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA

Capturing elaborated flow structures and phenomena is required for well-solved numerical flows.The finite difference methods allow simple discretization of mesh and model equations.However,they need simpler meshes,e.g.,rectangular.The inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)procedure can handle complex geometries for rectangular meshes.High-resolution and high-order methods can capture elaborated flow structures and phenomena.They also have strong mathematical and physical backgrounds,such as positivity-preserving,jump conditions,and wave propagation concepts.We perceive an effort toward direct numerical simulation,for instance,regarding weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes.Thus,we propose to solve a challenging engineering application without turbulence models.We aim to verify and validate recent high-resolution and high-order methods.To check the solver accuracy,we solved vortex and Couette flows.Then,we solved inviscid and viscous nozzle flows for a conical profile.We employed the finite difference method,positivity-preserving Lax-Friedrichs splitting,high-resolution viscous terms discretization,fifth-order multi-resolution WENO,ILW,and third-order strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta.We showed the solver is high-order and captured elaborated flow structures and phenomena.One can see oblique shocks in both nozzle flows.In the viscous flow,we also captured a free-shock separation,recirculation,entrainment region,Mach disk,and the diamond-shaped pattern of nozzle flows.

关键词： High-resolution Compressible Navier-Stokes Free-shock separation Nozzle flow

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霉菌毒素的危害及其防治

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猪业科学 2024年第1期41卷 18-20页

作者：张振玲 Fernando Bittencourt luciano 徐州生物工程职业技术学院动物工程学院江苏徐州221006 不详

霉菌毒素是某些种类的真菌所产生的有毒化合物,若谷物和动物饲料受到污染则会对动物的生长以及人类的健康构成重大威胁。一定要重视并采取有效措施来避免霉菌毒素污染谷物。谷物霉菌毒素污染率可高达60%~80%,霉菌毒素含量超标的谷物约... 详细信息

霉菌毒素是某些种类的真菌所产生的有毒化合物,若谷物和动物饲料受到污染则会对动物的生长以及人类的健康构成重大威胁。一定要重视并采取有效措施来避免霉菌毒素污染谷物。谷物霉菌毒素污染率可高达60%~80%,霉菌毒素含量超标的谷物约占全部谷物的1/4左右(高于欧盟和美国食品法典的标准)。

关键词：食品法典霉菌毒素污染动物饲料谷物有毒化合物采取有效措施含量超标

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A simplified pneumatic model for air brake of passenger trains

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Railway Engineering Science 2023年第2期31卷 145-152页

作者： luciano Cantone Andrea Ottati Department of Enterprise Engineering“Mario Lucertini” University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly Technical Direction TrenitaliaFSI GroupFlorenceItaly

Braking system performance is relevant for both railway safety and network optimization. Most trains employ air brake systems;air brake systems of freight trains mostly cannot achieve a synchronous application of brake forces, which is usually customary for passenger trains. The paper generalizes a previous air brake pneumatic model to passenger trains and describes the needed modifications. Among them, the way the pressure reduces in the brake pipe is generalized. Moreover, this paper reports an analytical bi-dimensional function for calculating the nozzle diameter equivalent to the electro-pneumatic(EP) or the electronically controlled pneumatic(ECP)brake valve as a function of the wagon length and the time to vent the brake pipe locally. The numerical results of the new model are compared against several experimental tests of high-speed passenger trains of Trenitalia, namely ETR500 and ETR1000. The model is suitable to be integrated into the UIC software TrainDy, aiming to extend its computational field to passenger trains and to simulate the safety of trains during a recovery.

关键词： EP or ECP modeling Model validation TrainDy Train brake Air brake

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