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Pathogenesis and significance of hepatitis C virus steatosis:An update on survival strategy of a successful pathogen

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7089-7103页

作者： Amedeo Lonardo Luigi Elio Adinolfi luciano restivo Stefano Ballestri Dante Romagnoli Enrica Baldelli Fabio Nascimbeni Paola Loriaca Division of Internal Medicine Department of BiomedicalMetabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia41126 ModenaItaly Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolicand Geriatric SciencesSecond University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a successful pathogen on the grounds that it exploits its host’s metabolism to build up viral particles;moreover it favours its own survival by inducing chronic disease and the development of specific anatomic changes in the infected ***,therefore,is associated with HCV infection by necessity rather than by chance ***6%of HCV patients have ***,HCV steatosis occurs in the setting of multiple metabolic abnormalities(hyperuricemia,reversible hypocholesterolemia,insulin resistance,arterial hypertension and expansion of visceral adipose tissue)collectively referred to as"hepatitis C-associated dysmetabolic syndrome"(HCADS).General,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)-like,mechanisms of steatogenesis(including increased availability of lipogenic substrates and de novo lipogenesis;decreased oxidation of fatty substrates and export of fatty substrates)are shared by all HCV ***,genotype 3 seemingly amplifies such steatogenic molecular mechanisms reported to occur in NAFLD via more profound changes in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein;peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha;sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and phosphatase and tensin *** steatosis has a remarkable clinical impact in as much as it is an acknowledged risk factor for accelerated fibrogenesis;for impaired treatment response to interferon and ribavirin;and development of hepatocellular *** data,moreover,suggest that HCV-steatosis contributes to premature atherogenesis via both direct and indirect *** conclusion,HCV steatosis fulfills all expected requirements necessary to perpetuate the HCV life cycle.A better understanding of the physiology of HCADS will likely result in a more successful handling of disease with improved antiviral success rates.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Fibrosis Hepatitis C-associated dy

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Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and atherosclerosis: Clinical impact and mechanisms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3410-3417页

作者： Luigi E Adinolfi Rosa Zampino luciano restivo Amedeo Lonardo Barbara Guerrera Aldo Marrone Fabio Nascimbeni Anna Florio Paola Loria Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolicand Geriatric SciencesSecond University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly Department of Internal Medicine EndocrinologyMetabolism and GeriatricsUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia41126 Modena Italy Vascular Surgery Second University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection represents a major health issue worldwide due to its burden of chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations including cardiovascular diseases,which are associated with excess *** of published studies supports the view that HCV infection should be considered a risk factor for the development of carotid atherosclerosis,heart failure and *** contrast,findings from studies addressing coronary artery disease and HCV have yielded conflicting ***,meta-analytic reviews and prospective studies are *** pathogenic mechanisms connecting HCV infection,chronic liver disease,and atherogenesis are not completely ***,it has been hypothesized that HCV may promote atherogenesis and its complications through several direct and indirect biological mechanisms involving HCV colonization and replication within arterial walls,liver steatosis and fibrosis,enhanced and imbalanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines,oxidative stress,endotoxemia,mixed cryoglobulinemia,perturbed cellular and humoral immunity,hyperhomocysteinemia,hypo-adiponectinaemia,insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes and other components of the metabolic *** these complex mechanisms is of fundamental importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and to treat vascular complications in patients with chronic HCV ***,it seems that HCV clearance by interferon and ribavirin treatment significantly reduces non-liver-related mortality;moreover,interferon-based treatment appears to decrease the risk of ischemic stroke.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Atherosclerosis Coronary artery

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Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders:An overview

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第8期21卷 2269-2280页

作者： Luigi Elio Adinolfi Riccardo Nevola Giacomo Lus luciano restivo Barbara Guerrera Ciro Romano Rosa Zampino Luca Rinaldi Ausilia Sellitto Mauro Giordano Aldo Marrone Clinical Hospital of Marcianise Second University of Naples Department of Medical Surgical Neurological Geriatric and Metabolic Sciences Second University of Naples Neurological Sciences Second University of Naples

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is considered a systemic disease because of involvement of other organs and tissues concomitantly with liver *** the extrahepatic manifestations,neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported in up to 50%of chronic HCV infected *** the central and peripheral nervous system may be involved with a wide variety of clinical *** HCV-associated neurological conditions include cerebrovascular events,encephalopathy,myelitis,encephalomyelitis,and cognitive impairment,whereas"brain fog",depression,anxiety,and fatigue are at the top of the list of psychiatric ***,HCV infection is known to cause both motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy in the context of mixed cryoglobulinemia,and has also been recently recognized as an independent risk factor for *** extrahepatic manifestations are independent of severity of the underlying chronic liver disease and hepatic *** brain is a suitable site for HCV replication,where the virus may directly exert neurotoxicity;other mechanisms proposed to explain the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic HCV infection include derangement of metabolic pathways of infected cells,alterations in neurotransmitter circuits,autoimmune disorders,and cerebral or systemic inflammation.A pathogenic role for HCV is also suggested by improvement of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients achieving a sustained virologic response following interferon treatment;however,further ad hoc trials are needed to fully assess the impact of HCV infection and specific antiviral treatments on associated neuropsychiatric disorders.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Neurological disorders Psychiatr

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Chronic HCV infection and inflammation:Clinical impact on hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第10期5卷 528-540页

作者： Rosa Zampino Aldo Marrone luciano restivo Barbara Guerrera Ausilia Sellitto Luca Rinaldi Ciro Romano Luigi E Adinolfi Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Second University of Naples Polyclinic Hospital Division of Internal Medicine Second University of NaplesClinical Hospital of MarcianiseCaserta Local Health Unit Division of Internal Medicine Allergy and Clinical ImmunologySecond University of Naples Polyclinic Hospital

The liver has a central role in regulating inflammation by its capacity to secrete a number of proteins that control both local and systemic inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation or an exaggerated inflammatory response can produce detrimental effects on target organs. Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection causes liver inflammation by complex and not yet well-understood molecular pathways, including direct viral effects and indirect mechanisms involving cytokine pathways,oxidative stress and steatosis induction. An increasing body of evidence recognizes the inflammatory response in chronic hepatitis C as pathogenically linked to the development of both liver-limited injury(fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic HCV-related diseases(lymphoproliferative disease,atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and brain disease). Defining the complex mechanisms of HCV-induced inflammation could be crucial to determine the global impact of infection, to estimate progression of the disease, and to explore novel therapeutic approaches to avert HCVrelated diseases. This review focuses on HCV-related clinical conditions as a result of chronic liver and systemic inflammatory states.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Inflammation Cytokines Oxidative stress Hepatic disease Extra-hepatic diseases

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Insulin resistance and steatosis in HBV-HCV co-infected patients: Role of PNPLA3 polymorphisms and impact on liver fibrosis progression

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第9期6卷 677-684页

作者： Rosa Zampino Adriana Boemio Aldo Marrone luciano restivo Maria Chiara Fascione Riccardo Nevola Luigi Elio Adinolfi Nicola Coppola Carmine Minichini Mario Starace Evangelista Sagnelli Grazia Cirillo Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice Maria Stanzione Emanuele Durante-Mangoni Giovanna Salzillo Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolicand GeriatricSciencesSecond University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly Clinical Hospital of Marcianise ASL Caserta81025 Marcianise (CE)Italy Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMeta-bolicand GeriatricSciencesSecond University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine Section of Infectious DiseasesSecond University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly Department of Pediatrics Second University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara"Second University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly Internal Medicine Monaldi Hospital Second University of 80100 NaplesItaly

AIM:To evaluate steatosis,insulin resistance(IR)and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3(PNPLA3) and their relation to disease progression in hepatitis B and C viruses(HCV-HBV) coinfected ***:Three hundred and thirty patients with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis were enrolled:66 had HBV-HCV,66 HBV and 198 HCV *** of steatosis,IR and PNPLA3 polymorphisms and their relation to anthropometric,biochemical,virological and histological parameters were ***:Prevalence of steatosis in group HBV-HCV was similar to that in HCV(47.0% vs 49.5%,respec-tively);group HBV showed the lowest steatosis(33.3%).Group HBV-HCV had a lesser degree of steatosis than HCV(P = 0.016),lower HCV RNA levels(P = 0.025) and lower prevalence and degree of IR(P = 0.01).PNPLA3 polymorphisms were associated with *** HBV-HCV showed higher levels of liver fibrosis than group HCV(P = 0.001),but similar to that ob-served in HBV *** HBV-HCV group,liver fibrosis was not associated with steatosis,IR or *** infection was the independent predictor of advanced liver ***:HBV-HCV co-infected patients have lower degree of hepatic steatosis,IR and HCV RNA than HCV mono-infected;co-infected patients showed a more rapid liver fibrosis progression that seems to be due to the double infection and/or HBV dominance.

关键词： Steatosis Insulin resistance Hepatitis B and C viruses co-infection Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 Liver fibrosis

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China's Solution to Global Governance Crisis

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Contemporary World 2022年第3期 35-38页

作者： Néstor restivo Working Group on China at Argentine Council for International Relations

In today’s highly globalized world, countries and regions are ever more closely intertwined with more complex relations. As COVID-19 pandemic changes international order in a profound way, the challenges facing global governance system have intensified. There is an urgent call for change. In this context, China offers a new solution to improving global governance by proposing the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind.

关键词： intensified today profound

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新冠肺炎疫情下应对全球治理危机的中国方案

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当代世界 2022年第4期 40-44页

作者： [阿根廷]内斯托尔·雷斯蒂沃阿根廷国际关系理事会阿根廷外交部咨询委员会

当今世界高度全球化,国家间和地区间关系紧密交织、日趋复杂,国际秩序正发生深刻变化。新冠肺炎疫情在全球持续蔓延,全球治理体系面临的挑战进一步加剧,亟需进行变革。在此背景下,中国提出的构建人类命运共同体和弘扬全人类共同价值的... 详细信息

当今世界高度全球化,国家间和地区间关系紧密交织、日趋复杂,国际秩序正发生深刻变化。新冠肺炎疫情在全球持续蔓延,全球治理体系面临的挑战进一步加剧,亟需进行变革。在此背景下,中国提出的构建人类命运共同体和弘扬全人类共同价值的理念为改善全球治理提供了一种全新方案。

关键词：全球治理治理危机人类命运共同体肺炎全球化疫情面临的挑战

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杂原子修饰的碳纳米管对高级氧化过程的催化性能(英文)

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催化学报 2014年第6期35卷 896-905页

作者： Joo restivo Raquel P.Rocha Adrián M.T.Silva José J.M.órfo Manuel F.R.Pereira José L.Figueiredo Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr.Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were submitted to chemical and thermal treatments in order to incorporate different heteroatoms on the surface. O-, S- and N-containing groups were successfully introduced onto the CNTs without significant changes of the textural properties. The cata-lytic activity of these heteroatom-modified CNTs was studied in two liquid phase oxidation processes: catalytic ozonation and catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO), using oxalic acid and phenol as model compounds. In both cases, the presence of strongly acidic O-containing groups was found to decrease the catalytic activity of the CNTs. On the other hand, the introduction of S species (mainly sulfonic acids) enhanced the removal rate of the model compounds, particularly in the CWAO of phenol. Additional experiments were performed with a radical scavenger and sodium persulfate, in order to clarify the reaction mechanism. Nitrogen functionalities improve the catalytic performance of the original CNTs, regardless of the process or of the pollutant.

关键词：多壁碳纳米管催化性能高级氧化技术杂原子修饰模型化合物含氮基团催化湿式氧化

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