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Diversity among Isolates of the Tangerine Pathotype of Alternaria alternata

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第2期9卷 196-215页

作者： Andréa Celina Ferreira Demartelaere luciana cordeiro do nascimento Cristina O.Marinho Marciano Costa Nunes Patrícia Clemente Abraao Rommel S.S.Gomes Monica Danielly de Mello Oliveira Larissa Almeida Mirelly M.Porcino Caroline Vargas e Silva Wilza C.O.Souza Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Agronomia Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciencias AmbientaisUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaAreiaBrazil

The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata is the aetiological agent of Alternaria brown spot on tangerines. In the state of Paraíba, Brazil, its occurrence on “Dancy” tangerine trees is associated with genetic aspects as well as the influence of environmental conditions on reproduction and dissemination within and between populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diversity of isolates of this pathogen using morphophysiological and molecular markers. For the analysis of mycelial growth and sporulation, 30 isolates from different locations were examined at 24-hour intervals until the seventh day, when the spores were quantified. The 30 isolates were characterised based on molecular markers (ISSR) and genetic similarity (Jaccard index). A factor arrangement was used: 30 isolates, four media (ODA, PDA, LEA and V8), three light regimes (continuous dark, alternating light and continuous light) and three temperatures (15°C, 25°C and 35°C), with 12 repetitions. Groups 1, 2 and 3 presented low genetic variability. Group 4 showed high genetic variability of the isolates obtained from the Massaranduba (state of Paraíba-Brazil) producing region and higher mycelial growth and sporulation of A. alternata. The continuous light regime and the temperature 25°C in PDA and V8 media were the ideal conditions for the mycelial growth and sporulation, respectively, of the isolates of A. alternata.

关键词： Citrus tangerine Alternaria Brown Spot Fungal Variability Environment Factors ISSR Markers

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Phoneutria Spider Toxins Target Channels Involved in Cardiac Arrhythmias, Ischemia and Pain

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014年第8期2卷 439-452页

作者： Marcus Vinicius Gomez Celio J. Castro-Junior Marta nascimento cordeiro Renato Santiago Gomez Juliano Ferreira Department of Neurotransmitters Institute of Education and Research Santa Casa Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais 30150-240Brazil Department of Biochemistry Ezequiel Dias Foundation Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais 30510-010 Brazil Department of Surgery Medical School Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais 30130-100 Brazil Department of Pharmacology Biological Sciences Centre Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis Santa Catarina80040-900 Brazil

Toxins isolated from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer either inhibit or activate a vast number of targets, such as ion channels, with high selectivity and affinity. PhTx3-1 toxin is a selective blocker of IA currents of K+ channels, and PhTx3-3 and PhTx3-4 are calcium channel blockers of the P/Q-type calcium channels. The spider neurotoxin PhTx3-6 reversibly and non-specifically inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels with varying potency (N > R > P/Q > L) in heterologous and native systems. There has been a huge increase in the range of medical disorders involving ionic channels, and blockers of these channels have potential as therapeutic agents. The mechanism of action of each toxin family is different; thus, each needs to be evaluated for its therapeutic potential. This review will focus on peptide toxins purified from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer that are currently being evaluated in preclinical tests as possible drugs for the treatment of pain, cardiac arrhythmias and ischemia.

关键词：药剂学药理学药学药物分析药典

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