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Global inequality in built-up land per capita and its change traj.ctories between 1985 and 2020

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 541-547页

作者： j.sper van vliet Hang Yang Vita Bakker Mengmeng Li Institute for Environmental studies Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11111081 HV Amsterdamthe Netherlands School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

Built-up land has increased rapidly in recent decades,thus aggravating the competition for land between multiple *** increase in urban land can be decomposed into changes in population and changes in built-up land per ***,it is unclear how this decomposition differs by country and how this decomposition changes over ***,we don’t know whether these changes affect the inequality in built-up land per ***,we analyze the global distribution of built-up land per capita in the year 2020,as well as the changes therein between 1985 and *** find that built-up land per capita in 2020 differs by an order of magnitude between countries,ranging from 15 m^(2) per person in Ethiopia to 734 m^(2) per person in ***,we find a wide range of different change traj.ctories,including both increases and decreases in built-up land per capita and in total *** the total area of urban land increased in all countries,decreases in urban land consumption reflect a situation where the population increases faster than the total amount of urban *** also find a large inequality in urban land consumption across countries,as indicated by a Gini index of 0.47 in 1985,decreasing only slightly to 0.45 in *** findings suggest the need for a regionally differentiated approach to reduce urban land take,focusing first on mitigating further increases in those countries that already have a high urban land consumption.

关键词： Urban expansion Human settlements Inequality Urban densification SDG 11 Sustainable development

Soil health and root-zone enrichment characteristics between paired grassland and cropland fields in the southeastern United States

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 299-308页

作者： Alan j.Franzluebbers Stephan van vliet Sierra Young Matt H.Poore USDA-Agricultural Research Service RaleighNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Nutrition Dietetics&Food SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Utah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA

Background:Soil organic C and N data from privately managed pastures in the southeastern United States are relatively ***:A paired-farm approach was deployed to determine how a variety of soil health parameters related to nutrient and water cycling might be altered under grazed,botanically diverse perennial pastures compared with annual monoculture croplands in three Maj.r Land Resource Areas of the southeastern United ***:Soil stability index averaged 0.64 and 0.91mm mm^(-1) under cropland and grazed pasture,respectively,suggesting that pastures had a more stable soil surface that was resistant to erosion and allowed rapid water ***-soil organic C and N fractions(i.e.,total,particulate,and mineralizable fractions at 0-10 cm depth)were greater under pasture than under *** locations,root-zone enrichments(0-30 cm depth)of organic C and N fractions were greater under pasture than under *** locations,root-zone enrichment of total soil N was greater(p<0.05)under pasture than under cropland in the Blue Ridge(2.87 vs.1.10 MgN ha^(-1),respectively)and the Piedmont(2.80 vs.2.10 MgNha^(-1)),but not in the Blackland Prairie(2.40 vs.2.12 MgNha^(-1)).Conclusions:This study provides evidence that rotationally grazed,perennial grasslands can store more soil organic C and N and improve soil surface stability conditions compared with neighboring croplands producing commodity feed grains for feedlot finishing.

关键词： land use soil aggregation soil health soil organic matter

Trade-offs between prosperity and urban land per capita in maj.r world cities

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第2期2卷 134-138页

作者： Vita Bakker Peter H.Verburg j.sper van vliet Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Globally,urban land expands at a faster rate than the corresponding urban population,which comes at a cost of agricultural and natural *** has been identified as an underlying driver of this trend,but it is unclear whether more prosperous cities inevitably have a greater urban land ***,we map urban pros-perity indicators to their relevant Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 64 maj.r world cities and relate these to the corresponding urban land consumption(defined here as built-up land per capita).Results indicate a moderately-weak but significant correlation between overall prosperity and urban land consumption(Spear-man’s correlation,𝜌ρ=0.47,p<0.001),suggesting a trade-offbetween *** addition,we find a regional clustering,with for example cities with relatively low prosperity and low urban land consumption in Africa,and cities with high prosperity and low-to-medium urban land consumption in *** moderately-weak correlation in combination with these regional differences suggests that the observed trade-offis avertable and that other drivers moderate this ***,cities can increase their prosperity without additional environmental consequences entailing land take and the conversion of natural and agricultural land.

关键词： Urban land consumption Population density Urban development Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Trade-offs

Analyzing the extent and use of impervious land in rural landscapes

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 625-636页

作者： Andreas Moser j.sper van vliet Ulrike Wissen Hayek Adrienne Grêt-Regamey Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems(PLUS) ETH ZurichStefano-Franscini-Platz 5ZurichSwitzerland Institute for Environmental Studies(IVM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1111Amsterdamthe Netherlands

The amount of impervious surface is increasing rapidly *** urban expansion has been studied extensively,the alteration of impervious land cover in rural regions remains *** particular,insights into the utilization of these sealed surfaces are crucially needed to unravel the underlying dynamics of land use changes beyond urban *** study focuses on rural regions from a Swiss case study and presents an analysis of the use of sealed surfaces in such regions,rather than solely quantifying the extent of sealed *** a synergistic approach that merges detailed cadastral plans with very-high-resolution remote sensing imagery and sophisticated deep learning algorithms,we characterized the uses of sealed surfaces,including buildings and their *** findings reveal that 2.1%of the study area’s rural regions comprises sealed surfaces-an area comparable to the sealed surfaces in the urban *** these rural regions,transport infrastructure represents 68%of this impervious *** account for 12%,and their surroundings,constituting 13%,are utilized primarily for agricultural purposes,including farming and livestock *** deep learning approach achieved a classification accuracy of 72%for a shallow model and 79%for a deeper model,indicating that mapping building types is possible with reasonable *** outcomes of this study underscore the critical need to factor in the presence and utilization of impervious land cover within rural regions for the sustainable management of land resources.

关键词： Soil sealing Rural areas Very-high-resolution aerial imagery Building types Convolutional neural networks Cadastral data

Clinical outcomes of patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type papilla of Vater adenocarcinoma

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World j.urnal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第3期12卷 347-357页

作者： Laura L Meij.r Marin Strij.er j.cob K de Bakker j.rgen Gj.Toennaer Barbara M Zonderhuis Hans j.van der vliet Hanneke Wilmink j.anne Verheij.Freek Daams Olivier R Busch Nicole CT van Grieken Marc G Besselink Geert Kazemier Department of Surgery Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamNoord-Holland 1081HVThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNoord-Holland 1105AZThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamNoord-Holland 1081HVThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam AmsterdamNoord-Holland 1105AZThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam AmsterdamNoord-Holland 1105AZThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCVU University Amsterdam Noord-Holland 1081HVThe Netherlands

BACKGROUND Duodenal adenocarcinoma(DA)and intestinal-type papilla of Vater adenocarcinoma(it-PVA)are rare malignancies of the gastrointestinal *** therapeutic options are translated nowadays from treatment strategies for patients with colorectal cancer due to histopathological *** To retrospectively investigate the clinical outcome of patients with DA and *** All patients with DA and it-PVA diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 were included at two academic centers in the *** patients with histopathologically-confirmed DA or it-PVA were eligible for *** outcome was compared between DA and it-PVA per disease *** the subgroup of stage IV disease,survival after local treatment of oligometastases was compared with systemic therapy or supportive *** In total,155 patients with DA and it-PVA were *** with it-PVA more often presented with stage I disease,while DA was more often diagnosed at stage IV(P<0.001).Of all patients,79%were treated with curative *** median survival was 39 mo,and no difference in survival was found for patients with DA and it-PVA after stratification for disease ***(23%)of 31 patients with synchronous stage IV disease underwent resection of the primary tumor,combined with local treatment of *** treatment of metastases was associated with an overall survival of 37 mo,compared to 14 and 6 mo for systemic therapy and supportive care,*** Survival of patients with DA and it-PVA is comparable per disease *** results suggest a potential benefit for local treatment strategies in selected patients with oligometastases,although additional prospective studies are needed.

关键词： Duodenal adenocarcinoma Papilla of Vater adenocarcinoma Clinical outcomes Local treatment Metastases Survival

Additive manufacturing of high aspect-ratio structures with self-focusing photopolymerization

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第3期3卷 120-149页

作者： Mingyu Yang Kavin Kowsari Nia O.Myrie Daniela Espinosa-Hoyos Anna j.gielska Seok Kim Nicholas X.Fang Krystyn j.van vliet Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139United States Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115United States Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139United States Walter H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30332United States Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139United States Department of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Changwon National UniversityChangwon51140South Korea

Photocrosslinkable polymers have been exploited to attain impressive advantages in printing freestanding,micrometer-scale,mechanically compliant ***,a more integrated understanding of both the polymer photochemistry and the microfabrication processes could enable new strategic design avenues,unlocking far-reaching applications of the light-based modality of additive *** promising approach for achieving high-aspect-ratio structures is to leverage the phenomenon of light self-trapping during the photopolymerization *** this review,we discuss the design of materials that facilitate this optical behavior,the computational modeling and practical processing considerations to achieve high aspect-ratio structures,and the range of applications that can benefit from architectures fabricated using light self-trapping-especially those demanding free-standing structures and materials of stiffnesses relevant in biological *** interactions exist among material attributes,including polymer composition,and processing parameters such as light *** identify strong opportunities for predictive design of both the material and the ***,this perspective describes the wide range of existing polymers and additive manufacturing approaches,and highlights various future directions to enable constructs with new complexities and functionalities through the development of next-generation photocrosslinkable materials and micromanufacturing methods.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Optical waveguide High aspect-ratio Biocompatible structures Polymer photochemistry

Langerin-mediated internalization of a modified peptide routes antigens to early endosomes and enhances cross-presentation by human Langerhans cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第4期14卷 360-370页

作者： Cynthia M Fehres Sanne Duinkerken Sven CM Bruij.s Hakan Kalay Sandra j.van vliet Martino Ambrosini Tanj. D de Gruij. Wendy Wj.Unger j.an j.Garcia-Vallej. Yvette van Kooyk Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands

The potential of the skin immune system to generate immune responses is well established, and the skin is actively exploited as a vaccination site. Human skin contains several antigen-presenting cell subsets with specialized functions. In particular, the capacity to cross-present exogenous antigens to CD8^＋ T cells is of interest for the design of effective immunotherapies against viruses or cancer. Here, we show that primary human Langerhans cells （LCs） were able to cross-present a synthetic long peptide （SLP） to CD8^＋ T cells. In addition, modification of this SLP using antibodies against the receptor langerin, but not dectin-1, further enhanced the cross-presenting capacity of LCs through routing of internalized antigens to less proteolytic early endosome antigen 1 ^＋ early endosomes. The potency of LCs to enhance CD8^＋ T-cell responses could be further increased through activation of LCs with the toll-like receptor 3 ligand polyinosinic：polycytidylic acid （phC）. Altogether, the data provide evidence that human LCs are able to cross-present antigens after langerin-mediated internalization. Furthermore, the potential for antigen modification to target LCs specifically provides a rationale for generating effective anti-tumor or anti-viral cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.

关键词： antigen cross-presentation dectin-1 early endosomes human Langerhans cells langerin

早期大剂量左旋甲状腺素治疗先天性甲状腺功能减退患儿入学时的认知能力和行为

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 39-40页

作者： Simoneau-Roy j.Marti S. Deal C. Dr. G. van vliet 贺莉 Sainte-j.stine Hospital Endocrinology Service 3175 Cte Sainte-Catherine Montreal Que. H3T 1C5 Canada

目的:为了评价经大剂量左旋甲状腺素早期治疗的先天性甲状腺功能减退(CH)患儿入学时的认知能力和行为。试验设计:18例先天性甲状腺功能减退的患儿(CH:9例重度和9例中度,重、中度的诊断是依据膝盖骨的骨骺分别<或≥0.05cm2),从中位年龄14... 详细信息

目的:为了评价经大剂量左旋甲状腺素早期治疗的先天性甲状腺功能减退(CH)患儿入学时的认知能力和行为。试验设计:18例先天性甲状腺功能减退的患儿(CH:9例重度和9例中度,重、中度的诊断是依据膝盖骨的骨骺分别<或≥0.05cm2),从中位年龄14d起,接受中位剂量12.0μg/(kg·d)的左旋甲状腺素治疗。

关键词：甲状腺功能减退左旋甲状腺素筛查量表时用麦卡锡 hypothyroidism 试验设计 median 无显著性差异 moderate

小麦水不溶性戊聚糖对面筋形成及品质影响的研究

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粮食与饲料工业 2002年第6期 40-42页

作者：王明伟 Hamer R j.vliet T V 武汉工业学院湖北武汉430023 荷兰瓦赫宁根大学

采用改进的面筋测定仪系统地研究小麦水不溶性戊聚糖对面筋形成及品质的影响。结果表明 :小麦水不溶性戊聚糖不仅降低面筋产率 ,而且影响面筋成分及品质。延长和面时间及增加和面加水量在很大程度上克服其对面筋产率的负作用 ,但不能完... 详细信息

采用改进的面筋测定仪系统地研究小麦水不溶性戊聚糖对面筋形成及品质的影响。结果表明 :小麦水不溶性戊聚糖不仅降低面筋产率 ,而且影响面筋成分及品质。延长和面时间及增加和面加水量在很大程度上克服其对面筋产率的负作用 ,但不能完全消除其负作用。添加木聚糖酶可增加面筋产率。

关键词：小麦水不溶性戊聚糖面筋形成产率品质