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Functional diversity of small-mammal postcrania is linked to both substrate preference and body size

Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 539-553页

作者： lucas n.weaver David M.Grossnickle Department of Biology Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Selective pressures favor morphologies that are adapted to distinct ecologies,resulting in trait partition!ng among ***,the effects of these selective pressures vary across taxa,especially because morphology is also influenced by factors such as phylogeny,body size,and functional *** this study,we examine how these factors impact functional diversification in *** has been proposed that trait partitioning among mammalian ecomorphotypes is less pronoun ced at small body sizes due to biomecha nical,energetic,and environ mental factors that favor a"generalist"body plan,whereas larger taxa exhibit more substantial functional *** title this the Diverge nee Hypothesis(DH)because it predicts greater morphological divergence among ecomorphotypes at larger body *** test DH by using phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the postcranial skeletons of 129 species of taxonomically diverse,small-tomedium-sized(nd-dwellers."In some analyses,the morphologies of ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers suggest greater between-group differentiation at larger sizes,providing some evidence for ***,this trend is n either particularly strong nor supported by all an *** stead,a more pronoun ced patter n emerges that is distinct from the predictions of DH:within-group phenotypic disparity increases with body size in both ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers,driven by morphological outliers among"medium'-sized ***,evolutionary increases in body size are more closely linked to increases in within-locomotor-group disparity tha n to in creases in betwee n-group *** discuss biomechanical and ecological factors that may drive these evolutionary patter ns,and we emphasize the significant evolutionary influences of ecology and body size on phenotypic diversity.

关键词： adaptive landscapes ecomorphology morphometries phenotypic diversity phylogenetic comparative methods trait partitioning

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IL-10 Inhibits LPS-Induced Expression of miR-147 in Murine Macrophages

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2014年第4期4卷 261-273页

作者： Leah n. Cardwell Brian K. weaver Department of Biology Missouri State University Springfield USA

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) mediates an anti-inflammatory response that constrains immune responses and limits inflammation-associated pathology. IL-10 does so, in part, by selectively inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression induced in macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. The IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory response is executed through the activation of STAT3 leading to induction of target genes referred to as IL-10-induced genes. As miRnAs have emerged as important negative regulators of gene expression in various systems, we sought to address whether the IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory response acts through regulated expression of miRnA genes. Using quantitative PCR-based arrays, we examined 140 miRnA genes with putative roles in inflammation for changes in expression in response to IL-10 and lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) in primary mouse macrophages. IL-10 stimulation resulted in the inhibition of miR-147 expression induced in response to LPS, while having a potentiating effect on the induction of miR-455. miR-147 is the second TLR-induced miRnA, in addition to miR-155, identified to be counter-regulated by IL-10. Its suppression by IL-10 suggests that miR-147 may have an unknown pro-inflammatory function in TLR-triggered macrophages. The results extend the notion that IL-10 selectively regulates expression of miRnA genes, and that miRnA-mediated pathways are a component of the IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory response.

关键词： IL-10 Lipopolysaccharide Macrophage Inflammation MicroRnA

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Electricity consumption patterns within cities:application of a data-driven settlement characterization method

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 119-135页

作者： Pranab K.Roy Chowdhury Jeanette E.weaver Eric M.Weber Dalton Lunga St.Thomas M.LeDoux Amy n.Rose Budhendra L.Bhaduri Urban Dynamics Institute&Geographic Information Science and Technology Group Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Bredesen Center For Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA

Urban areas presently consume around 75%of global primary energy supply,which is expected to significantly increase in the future due to urban *** sustainable,universal energy access is a pressing challenge for most parts of the *** urban energy consumption patterns may help to address the challenges to urban sustainability and energy ***,urban energy analyses are severely limited by the lack of urban energy *** datasets are virtually non-existent for the developing *** per current projections,most of the new urban growth is bound to occur in these data-starved ***,there is an urgent need of research methods for monitoring and quantifying urban energy utilization ***,we apply a data-driven approach to characterize urban settlements based on their formality,which is then used to assess intraurban urban energy consumption in Johannesburg,South Africa;Sana’a,Yemen;and ndola,*** is the fastest growing energy *** analyzing the relationship between the settlement types and the corresponding nighttime light emission,a proxy of electricity consumption,we assess the differential electricity consumption *** study presents a simple and scalable solution to fill the present data void to understand intra-city electricity consumption patterns.

关键词： Settlement characterization cities urban electricity consumption VIIRS nighttime lights developing countries

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Impacts of low level aflatoxin in feed and the use of modified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of nursery pigs

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Animal nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 177-183页

作者： Yawang Sun Inkyung Park Jiyao Guo Alexandra C.weaver Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

This study was to investigate the effect of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins(AF)under the regulatory level on the growth performance and health of nursery pigs,and the efficiency of yeast cell wall based feed additive(YC)mainly composed ofβ-glucans and mannan oligosaccharide(MOS)(Integral A+,Alltech,Lexington,KY)in prevention of ***(60 barrows and 60 gilts at 6.02 ± 0.83kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 10 pens(5 barrow and 5 gilt pens)per treatment and 3 pigs per *** were fed experimental diets for 5 *** factor was AF(0 or 20 mg/kg in feed)and the second factor was YC(0 or 2 g/kg in feed).Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly,and blood samples were used to measure blood cell counts,immunoglobulin G(Ig G),tumor necrosis factor-a(TnF-a),oxidative damage status,and serological evaluation related to liver *** decreased(Pnumber of platelet count(247.4 to 193.5×10~3/μL),and it also tended to increase the level of albumin(P=0.055,3.46 to 3.63 g/d L),albumin:globulin ratio(P=0.050,2.09 to 2.37),and Ca(P=0.080,10.79 to 10.97 mg/d L).Yeast cell wall based feed additive increased(P nd ADFI(796 to 846 g/d)of pigs whereas G:F was not affected,and it also tended to increase(P=0.055)albumin level(3.46 to 3.63 g/d L).Interactions(P n hemoglobin,hematocrit,and platelet count indicated that YC further increased their levels when pigs were eating AF contaminated ***(P n urea nitrogen and blood urea n to creatinine ratio indicated that YC further decreased their levels when feed were contaminated with *** conclusion,low level of 20 mg AF/kg under the regulatory level had minor effects on hematology without affecting growth performance,however the supplementation of 2 g/kg YC as a source ofβ-glucans and MOS in feed can improve feed intake and therefore the growth of pi

关键词： Aflatoxin β-glucans Health MOS nursery pigs modified yeast cell wall extract

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Modulation of human global/local perception by low spatial frequency filtering

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第21期48卷 2336-2339页

作者： HAnShihui J.A.weaver S.O.Murray KAnGXiaojian E.W.Yund D.L.Woods DepartmentofPsychology CenterforBrainandCognitiveSciencesPekingUniversityBeijing100871China Departmentofneurology UniversityofCaliforniaatDavisVANorthernCaliforniaSystemofClinicsDavisCA95616USA

We investigated the effect of low spatial fre-quency (SF) filtering on neural substrates underlying global and local processing in the peripheral vision by measuring hemodynamic responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects identified global or local shapes of compound letters that were either broadband in spatial- frequency spectrum or contrast balanced (CB) to removed low SFs and displayed randomly in the left or right visual fields. Attention to both broadband and CB global shapes generated stronger activation over the medial occipital cor-tex relative to local attention. Lateralized activations in association with global processing were observed over the right temporal-parietal junction for broadband stimuli whereas over the right fusiform gyrus for CB stimuli. Atten-tion to CB local shapes resulted in activations in the medial frontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal and superior tempo-ral cortices. The results were discussed in terms of the competition between global and local information in determining brain activations in association with global/local processing of compound stimuli.

关键词：神经系统血液动力学功能磁性共振图空间频率光谱

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Survey of Utah High School Football Strength and Conditioning Coaches

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Journal of Sports Science 2015年第3期3卷 117-126页

作者： Eugene Keoki weaver Mark DeBeliso Sports Performance Training Dixie Regional Medical Center lntermountain Healthcare St. George UT 84790 USA Department of Physical Education and Human Performance Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA

Strength and conditioning coaches have become a vital part of sport programs. The majority of college and professional teams have one or more strength and conditioning coaches on their staff. Currently there is limited information on the profile of high school strength and conditioning coaches. This study provides a profile, which can be used by state athletic associations, school districts, athletic directors, and head coaches, to determine the desired criteria for high school strength and conditioning coaches. This study also provides future coaches with a guide to help them become appealing candidates for positions as high school strength and conditioning coaches. PURPOSE： The purpose of this study was to identify the individual responsible for designing and implementing the football strength and conditioning programs in Utah high schools and provide a profile of the coach and the program. METHODS： The participants were high school football strength and conditioning coaches in the state of Utah. Participants were asked to complete an online survey. RESULTS： Thirty-six percent （36/100） of the surveys were completed and useable for the study. Eighty seven percent of the respondents identified the strength and conditioning coach as their secondary position in the football program. All （n = 36） of the respondents held at least a Bachelor degree and a majority （61.1%） held a graduate degree. Physical Education was the most widely reported major in undergraduate degrees, while the majority of graduate degrees were in areas outside of the physical education/exercise field （63.6%）. A total of 64.5% of the respondents did not hold a strength and conditioning certification. Strength and conditioning experience ranged from 30 to 2 years among respondents. COnCLUSIOn： Within the parameters of this study, a profile of the coaches and the respective strength and conditioning programs has been provided. The data culled during this study is inconclusive with respect to the prepa

关键词： High school football Utah strength and conditioning

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Inactivation of SACE_3446, a TetR family transcriptional regulator, stimulates erythromycin production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2016年第1期1卷 39-46页

作者： Hang Wu Yansheng Wang Li Yuan Yongrong Mao Weiwei Wang Lin Zhu Panpan Wu Chengzhang Fu Rolf Muller David T.weaver Lixin Zhang Buchang Zhang Institute of Health Sciences School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology&Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySaarland UniversityP.O.Box 1511566041 SaarbruckenGermany

Erythromycin A is a widely used antibiotic produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea;however,its biosynthetic cluster lacks a regulatory gene,limiting the yield enhancement via regulation engineering of ***,six TetR family transcriptional regulators(TFRs)belonging to three genomic context types were individually inactivated in *** A226,and one of them,SACE_3446,was proved to play a negative role in regulating erythromycin *** and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that SACE_3446 covering intact n-terminal DnA binding domain specifically bound to the promoter regions of erythromycin biosynthetic gene eryAI,the resistant gene ermE and the adjacent gene SACE_3447(encoding a longchain fatty-acid CoA ligase),and repressed their ***,we explored the interaction relationships of SACE_3446 and previously identified TFRs(SACE_3986 and SACE_7301)associated with erythromycin *** demonstrated relatively independent regulation mode of SACE_3446 and SACE_3986 in erythromycin biosynthesis,we individually and concomitantly inactivated them in an industrial *** *** with WB,the WBΔ3446 and WBΔ3446Δ3986 mutants respectively displayed 36%and 65%yield enhancement of erythromycin A,following significantly elevated transcription of eryAI and *** cultured in a 5 L fermentor,erythromycin A ofWBΔ3446 and WBΔ3446Δ3986 successively reached 4095 mg/L and 4670 mg/L with 23%and 41%production improvement relative to *** strategy reported here will be useful to improve antibiotics production in other industrial actinomycete.

关键词： Saccharopolyspora erythraea Erythromycin TetR family SACE_3446 Regulatory network

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The potential of a year-round school calendar for maintaining children’s weight status and fitness:Preliminary outcomes from a natural experiment

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 18-27,102页

作者： r.glenn.weaver ethan hunt aaron rafferty michael w.beets keith brazendale gabrielle tumer-mcgrievy russell r.pate alberto maydeu-olivares brian saelens shawn youngstedt Separtment of exercise science university of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa Department of health promotion educationand behavioruniversity of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa Department of psychology university of south carolinacolumbiasc 29208usa Center for child health behavior and development seattle children's hospitalseattlewa 98105usa Department of nursing and health innovation arizona state universitytempeaz 85281usa

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of a year-round school calendar (180-day school year distributed across 12 months) as an intervention comparedto a traditional school calendar (180-day school year distributed across 9 months) for mitigating children's weight gain and fitness loss viaa natural ***. Height, weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (i.e., Fitnessgram Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) were measured inchildren (5—12 years old) in 3 schools (2 traditional, 1 year-round, n = 990 students, age = 8.6 土 2.4 years, 53.1% male, 68.9% African American) from1 school district. Structure (represented by the presence of a school day) was the independent variable. Changes in body mass index (BMI), age- andsex-specific BMI z-scores (zBMI), BMI percentile, percent of overweight or obese children, and CRF (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular EnduranceRun laps completed) were assessed for summer 2017 (May—August 2017), school year 2017/2018 (August 2017—May 2018), and summer 2018(May—August 2018). Primary analyses examined the overall change in weight and CRF from summer 2017 until summer 2018 via multilevel mixedeffects regression, with group (traditional vs. year-round calendar), time, and a group-by-time interaction as the independent variables. Secondaryregression analyses estimated differences in change within and between groups during each time period, ***. Year-round students gained less BMI (difference in A = —0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): —0.67 to —0.03) and less CRF (differencein △ = — 1.92, 95%CI: —3.56 to —0.28) than students attending a traditional school overall. Compared with traditional students, during both sum・mers, year-round students gained less BMI (summer 2017 difference in A = —0.15, 95%CI: —0.21 to —0.08;summer 2018 difference in△ = —0.16, 95%CI: —0.24 to —0.07) and zBMI (summer 2017 difference in A = —0.032, 95%CI: —0.050 to —0.010;summer 2018 difference in△ = —0.033, 95%CI: —0.056 to —0.009

关键词： Children Intervention Obesity Overweight Policy School calendar

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烟气排放控制技术的工艺现状

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硫酸工业 2003年第6期 7-13页

作者： E．H．weaver n．Confuorto 胡小云瑾 BdcoTechnologies公司，美国不详

摘要:详细描述了LABSORBTM再生式二氧化硫脱除工艺以及所用的EDV洗涤器设计。FCC装置可由一个简单的工艺采用EDV洗涤器降低烟气中颗粒和SOx含量,不会引起堵塞或停车。该洗涤器可作为仅处理颗粒的设备(代替ESP),当以后环保条例更严格时,... 详细信息

摘要:详细描述了LABSORBTM再生式二氧化硫脱除工艺以及所用的EDV洗涤器设计。FCC装置可由一个简单的工艺采用EDV洗涤器降低烟气中颗粒和SOx含量,不会引起堵塞或停车。该洗涤器可作为仅处理颗粒的设备(代替ESP),当以后环保条例更严格时,也能转而处理SOx而不浪费任何组件。该洗涤器可使用LABSORBTM工艺吸收剂,也可用苛性钠、碳酸钠、氢氧化镁甚至石灰为吸收剂。但二氧化硫含量较高时,IABSORBTM可再生工艺可大幅度降低操作费用。LABSORBTM工艺已成功地用于控制硫回收(SRU)装置的尾气排放,并用于控制全世界范围内22个FCC装置的排放,累计处理能力近158000 m3/d(1000000桶/d)。文中介绍用于FCC装置排放控制的苛性钠洗涤、可再生式洗涤以及常见的电除尘器(ESP)应用之间的差别,还详细描述这些系统及其除满足环保要求外的潜在优点。

关键词： FCCU SRU 烟气排放控制净化工艺洗涤器

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利用IBM PC/XT微机做短期预报

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气象科技 1986年第5期 88-90页

作者： R.n.Green J.F.weaver 孙杨

1.引言1985年春季,在美国中部平原实施了旨在研究中尺度对流天气的第一阶段外场试验。这一试验被称为“风暴前”(PRE-STOR-M)计划,基地设在俄克拉荷马城的 Will Ro-gers 机场。计划的长期目标包括进一步深入

关键词：短期预报 IBM PC/XT 中尺度对流外场试验覆盖逆温卫星资料静止锋俄克拉荷马长期目标抬升凝结高度

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