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Update in lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 452-464页

作者： Karina Sato-Espinoza Perapa Chotiprasidhi Mariella r Huaman Javier díaz-Ferrer division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States Obesity and Metabolic Center for Obesity and Metabolic HealthLima 02002LimaPeru Hepatology Service Department of Digestive DiseasesHospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 02002LimaPeru Medicine Faculty Universidad San Martin de PorresLima 02002LimaPeru Gastroenterology Service Clinica InternacionalLima 02002LimaPeru

BACKGrOUNd A new nomenclature consensus has emerged for liver diseases that were previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLd)and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLd).They are now defined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLd),which includes cardiometabolic criteria in *** condition,extensively studied in obese or overweight patients,constitutes around 30%of the population,with a steady increase *** patients account for approximately 10%-15%of the MASLd ***,the pathogenesis is complex and is not well *** To systematically review the literature on the diagnosis,pathogenesis,characteristics,and prognosis in lean MASLd patients and provide an interpretation of these new *** We conducted a comprehensive database search on PubMed and Google Scholar between January 2012 and September 2023,specifically focusing on lean NAFLd,MAFLd,or MASLd *** include original articles with patients aged 18 years or older,with a lean body mass index categorized according to the World Health Organization criteria,using a cutoff of 25 kg/m2 for the general population and 23 kg/m2 for the Asian *** We include 85 studies in our *** findings revealed that,for lean NAFLd patients,the prevalence rate varied widely,ranging from 3.8%to 34.1%.The precise pathogenesis mechanism remained elusive,with associations found in genetic variants,epigenetic modifications,and adaptative metabolic *** risk factors included metabolic syndrome,hypertension,and type 2 diabetes mellitus,but their prevalence varied based on the comparison group involving lean *** non-invasive tools,Fibrosis-4 index outperformed the NAFLd fibrosis score in lean *** modifications aided in reducing hepatic steatosis and improving cardiometabolic profiles,with some medications showing efficacy to a lesser ***,lean NAFLd patients ex

关键词： Lean Non-obese Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Guidelines diagnosis Management Pathogenesis Treatment

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Assessing the biennial conference on science and technology (BICOST IX) 2023 technical output on renewable energy, energy storage, and green hydrogen in line with UN SdG commitments

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CLEAN ENErGY 2024年第2期8卷 85-88页

作者： Silva, S. K. B. d. Piyumali, K. G. d. Perera, rasitha Thilini Suranjana Kaluarachchi, K. d. K. G. Munagamage, Thilini Ahammed, r. M. r. Piyankarage, C. S. P. Shahmy, Seyed Karunaratne, Veranja Natl Sci & Technol Commiss Sri Lanka Colombo Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Technol Campus Padukka 10500 Sri Lanka Univ Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka

The development, production and utilization of renewable energy, energy storage and green hydrogen and the associated technologies in Sri Lanka have great potential to contribute to the United Nations' Sustainable development Goals (SdGs). The island aims to achieve 70% electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2030 (within the target of 40% utilization of renewable energy sources for the entire energy generation of the country by 2030). The power sector has to invest US$11 billion from 2023 to 2030 to contribute to reaching this target. This commentary aims to provide a critical perspective on the recommendations of the report from the National Science and Technology Commission's 9th biennial conference in 2023 on science and technology, the sub-thematic technical report on clean energy, energy storage and green hydrogen in line with the SdGs in the Sri Lankan context. The technical report provides insightful recommendations for Sri Lanka's energy sector under three main sections: renewable energy, energy storage and green hydrogen. Also, it explores the potential of various renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and green hydrogen as sustainable solutions to address the country's energy challenges while emphasizing the spillover effects of them, which could contribute to the enterprise's job creation and uplift the economy. This commentary provides a critical perspective on clean energy, energy storage and green hydrogen in line with the United Nations SdGs in the Sri Lankan context based on a recent report from the National Science and Technology Commission of Sri Lanka. Graphical Abstract

关键词： renewable energy energy storage green hydrogen sustainable development goals Sri Lanka social economic environmental sustainable affordable

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radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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Matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.r.d.rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur d.Singappuli d.Molloy d.raffestin M.Alonzo G.G.rapisarda d.Lattuada G.L.Guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.Palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani G.di Giorgio G.Cristofari r.de Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone d.Margarone L.Giuffrida d.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani r.Lera L.Volpe d.Giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

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Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis: A review of clinicopathologic hallmarks and multimodal imaging manifestations

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World Journal of radiology 2024年第1期16卷 1-8页

作者： Bryce david Beutler Alastair E Moody Jerry Mathew Thomas Benjamin Phillip Sugar Mark B Ulanja daniel Antwi-Amoabeng lucas Anthony Tsikitas department of radiology University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States department of Anesthesiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States department of Internal Medicine Christus Ochsner St.Patrick HospitalLake CharlesLA 70601United States

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis(NMdArE)is a rare immune-mediated neuroinflammatory condition characterized by the rapid onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic *** mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood,but is thought to be related to antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMdA receptor with resultant downstream dysregulation of dopaminergic *** adults are most frequently affected;the median age at diagnosis is 21 *** is a strong female predilection with a female sex predominance of 4:*** often develops as a paraneoplastic process and is most commonly associated with ovarian ***,NMdArE has also been described in patients with small cell lung cancer,clear cell renal carcinoma,and other benign and malignant *** is based on correlation of the clinical presentation,electro-encephalography,laboratory studies,and *** tomography,positron emission tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging are essential to identify an underlying tumor,exclude clinicopathologic mimics,and predict the likelihood of long-term functional *** imaging may be of value for prognostication and to assess the response to *** may involve high-dose corticosteroids,intravenous immunoglobulin,and plasma ***,we review the hallmark clinicopathologic features and imaging findings of this rare but potentially devastating condition and summarize diagnostic criteria,treatment regimens,and proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.

关键词： Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis Encephalitis Ovarian teratoma Paraneoplastic syndrome Teratoma

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2024 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities:An update of activity codes and energy expenditure values

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 18-23页

作者： Scott A.Conger Stephen d.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Tom E.Nightingale Joseph r.Sherman Barbara E.Ainsworth department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham AL B152TTUK Centre for Trauma Sciences research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham AL B152TTUK College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair *** Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May *** added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through ***:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.

关键词： disability Exercise MET Mobility

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Energy design and Optimization of Greenhouse by Natural Convection

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Fluid dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1903-1913页

作者： H.Benzzine H.Labrim Aouatif Saad Y.Achour d.Zejli r.El Bouayadi Advanced Systems Engineering Laboratory(ASELab) National School of Applied SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitraMorocco

This study addresses the pressing need for energy-efficient greenhouse management by focusing on the innovative application of natural *** primary objective of this study is to evaluate various ventilation strategies to enhance energy efficiency and optimize crop production in agricultural *** advanced numerical simulation tools,the study conducts a comprehensive assessment of natural ventilation’s effectiveness under real-world *** results underscore the crucial role of the stack effect and strategic window positioning in greenhouse cooling,providing valuable insights for greenhouse *** findings shed light on the significant benefits of optimized ventilation and also offer practical implications for improving greenhouse design,ensuring sustainable and efficient agricultural *** study demonstrated energy savings in cooling from November to April,with a maximum saving of 680 kWh in March,indicating the effectiveness of strategically positioning windows to leverage the stack *** approach enhances plant growth and reduces the need for costly cooling systems,thereby improving overall energy efficiency and lowering operational expenses.

关键词： Energy greenhouse cooling natural ventilation simulation temperature

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Aerodynamics of a Tandem-Bladed Axial Compressor rotor under Circumferential distortion at different rotational Speeds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUMAr Jerry T.JOHN A.M.PrAdEEP r.A.dAKKErMANS dragan KOZULOVIC department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences20099HamburgGermany Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich85577NeubibergGermany

For most aircraft engines,inflow distortion is *** distortion is known to degrade the aerodynamic performance and stable operating limits of a *** rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the ***,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved through this unconventional design approach involving the splitting of the blade into forward and aft *** is expected that the effect of inlet flow distortion would be more severe for a tandem-rotor design due to the greater flow turning inherent in such ***,this aspect needs to be thoroughly *** present study discusses the effect of circumferential distortion on the tandem-rotor at different rotational ***-annulus rANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used in the present *** performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and different rotational speeds is *** total pressure and efficiency are observed to drop at lower mass flow rates under the influence of circumferential *** loss region in each blade passage is mainly associated with the blade wake,tip leakage vortex,secondary flow,and boundary ***,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the distorted *** the lower span,the wake width is found to be higher than that at a higher *** to the redistribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent reduces at a higher *** the undistorted sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the design rotational speed than at lower *** distortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakdown even at the design operating *** adversely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and stall *** clean flow conditions,this phenomenon is only observed near the stall *** the design operating condition,the breakdown of the forward rotor tip l

关键词： tandem rotor circumferential distortion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakdown diffusion factor aerodynamics of compressor blade

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Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： Eric r.Hoglund Andrew r.Lupini Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) aberrations

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dysregulated microrNAs in type 2 diabetes and breast cancer:Potential associated molecular mechanisms

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World Journal of diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1187-1198页

作者： Alex Cleber Improta-Caria Filipe Ferrari João lucas Penteado Gomes Paloma Brasilio Villalta Úrsula Paula renóSoci ricardo Stein Edilamar M Oliveira Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise Physical Education and Sport SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035003Brazil Laboratory of Metabolic disorders(Labdime) School of Applied SciencesUniversity of Campinas-UNICAMPCampinas 13484-350Brazil departments of Internal Medicine Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyCenter for Regenerative MedicineUSF Health Heart InstituteMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL 33602United States

Type 2 diabetes(T2d)is a multifaceted and heterogeneous syndrome associated with complications such as hypertension,coronary artery disease,and notably,breast cancer(BC).The connection between T2d and BC is established through processes that involve insulin resistance,inflammation and other *** this comprehension the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms linking T2d to BC,especially through microrNAs(mirNAs),remain *** are regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have the function of regulating target genes by modulating various signaling pathways and biological ***,the signaling pathways and biological processes regulated by mirNAs that are associated with T2d and BC have not yet been *** review aims to identify dysregulated mirNAs in both T2d and BC,exploring potential signaling pathways and biological processes that collectively contribute to the development of BC.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Breast cancer MicrorNAs Molecular mechanisms

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Effect of La on the Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of 3Ni Weathering Steel in a Simulated Marine Atmospheric Environment

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第2期37卷 308-324页

作者： Gang Niu rui Yuan r.d.K.Misra Na Gong Zhi-Hui Zhang Hao-Xiu Chen Hui-Bin Wu Cheng-Jia Shang Xin-Ping Mao Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel research Department of MetallurgicalMaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX79968USA Institute of Materials research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnologyand ResearchSingapore138634Singapore department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3E4Canada

The corrosion behavior and mechanism of 3Ni weathering steel in a simulated oceanic atmospheric environment are investigated in order to comprehend the impacts of La,as determined through electrochemical analysis and rust layer *** results of this study demonstrate that the addition of La enhances the corrosion resistance of 3Ni weathering steel in the marine atmospheric environment,thereby reducing the corrosion rate and improving the protection of the rust *** influence of La on corrosion resistance can be attributed to two primary ***,La functions as a grain refiner,minimizing the potential difference of the micro-regions on the substrate surface,thereby significantly reducing the corrosion of bare steel in the marine ***,La inhibits the process of Fe_(3)O_(4) oxidation back toγ-FeOOH during corrosion at the local site,thus decreasing the formation ofγ-FeOOH and enhancing the charge transfer *** research work may serve as a reference for expanding the application of rare earth elements in the field of weathering steel.

关键词： Weathering steel rare earth rust layer Corrosion behavior Corrosion resistance

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