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Precise Agriculture:Effective Deep Learning Strategies to Detect Pest Insects

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第2期9卷 246-258页

作者： luca Butera Alberto Ferrante Mauro Jermini Mauro Prevostini Cesare Alippi Universitàdella Svizzera italiana Faculty of InformaticsLugano 6900Switzerland Agroscope Research Centre CadenazzoCadenazzo 6594Switzerland IEEE

Pest insect monitoring and control is crucial to ensure a safe and profitable crop growth in all plantation types,as well as guarantee food quality and limited use of *** aim at extending traditional monitoring by means of traps,by involving the general public in reporting the presence of insects by using *** includes the largely unexplored problem of detecting insects in images that are taken in noncontrolled ***,pest insects are,in many cases,extremely similar to other species that are ***,computer vision algorithms must not be fooled by these similar insects,not to raise unmotivated *** this work,we study the capabilities of state-of-the-art(SoA)object detection models based on convolutional neural networks(CNN)for the task of detecting beetle-like pest insects on nonhomogeneous images taken outdoors by different ***,we focus on disambiguating a pest insect from similar harmless *** consider not only detection performance of different models,but also required computational *** study aims at providing a baseline model for this kind of *** results show the suitability of current SoA models for this application,highlighting how FasterRCNN with a MobileNetV3 backbone is a particularly good starting point for accuracy and inference execution *** combination provided a mean average precision score of 92.66%that can be considered qualitatively at least as good as the score obtained by other authors that adopted more specific models.

关键词： Computer vision machine learning neural network pest insect pest monitoring Popillia japonica precise agriculture

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PVA/PVP blend polymer matrix for hosting carriers in facilitated transport membranes: Synergistic enhancement of CO2 separation performance

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Green Energy & Environment 2020年第1期5卷 59-68页

作者： Ragne Marie Lilleby Helberg Zhongde Dai luca Ansaloni Liyuan Deng Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology

CO2 separation performance in facilitated transport membranes has been reported depended not only on the CO2 carrier properties but also to a great extent on the polymeric matrix regarding the capacity of retaining water and carriers as well as the processability for coating defect-free ultra-thin films. In this study, the blends of hydrophilic polymers polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were studied to find an optimal polymer matrix to host carriers in facilitated transport membranes for enhanced CO2 separation. It is found out that the optimized blend is 50/50 PVA/PVP by weight, which shows a significant increase in the water uptake(from 63 to 84%) at equilibrium state compared to the neat PVA. Polyethyleneimine(PEI) was employed to provide sample carriers to evaluate the synergistic effect of PVA and PVP on the CO2 separation performance. A thin film composite(TFC) membrane of the optimized blend(50/50 PVA/PVP with 50 wt% PEI) was fabricated on polysulfone(PSf) porous support. The fabrication of the TFC membranes is simple and low cost, and CO2 permeance of the optimized blend membrane is nearly doubled with the CO2/N2 selectivity remained unchanged, showing great potential for industrial applications of the resulted membranes.

关键词： TFC membrane Facilitated transport CO2 separation Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl pyrrolidone

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Development of deep-learning-based autonomous agents for low-speed maneuvering in Unity

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第3期7卷 229-244页

作者： Riccardo Berta luca Lazzaroni Alessio Capello Marianna Cossu luca Forneris Alessandro Pighetti Francesco Bellotti Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department(DITEN)University of GenoaGenoa 16145Italy

This study provides a systematic analysis of the resource-consuming training of deep reinforcement-learning (DRL) agents for simulated low-speed automated driving (AD). In Unity, this study established two case studies: garage parking and navigating an obstacle-dense area. Our analysis involves training a path-planning agent with real-time-only sensor information. This study addresses research questions insufficiently covered in the literature, exploring curriculum learning (CL), agent generalization (knowledge transfer), computation distribution (CPU vs. GPU), and mapless navigation. CL proved necessary for the garage scenario and beneficial for obstacle avoidance. It involved adjustments at different stages, including terminal conditions, environment complexity, and reward function hyperparameters, guided by their evolution in multiple training attempts. Fine-tuning the simulation tick and decision period parameters was crucial for effective training. The abstraction of high-level concepts (e.g., obstacle avoidance) necessitates training the agent in sufficiently complex environments in terms of the number of obstacles. While blogs and forums discuss training machine learning models in Unity, a lack of scientific articles on DRL agents for AD persists. However, since agent development requires considerable training time and difficult procedures, there is a growing need to support such research through scientific means. In addition to our findings, we contribute to the R&D community by providing our environment with open sources.

关键词： automated driving autonomous agents deep reinforcement learning curriculum learning modeling and simulation

Hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver: Role of environmental and genetic factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12945-12955页

作者： Paola Dongiovanni Stefano Romeo luca Valenti Internal Medicine 1B Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico 20122 Milano Italy Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano 20122 Milano Italy Wallenberg Laboratory Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg 40530 Gothenburg Sweden Clinical Nutrition Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University Magna Graecia 88100 Catan-zaro Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fourth cause of cancer related mortality, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and exposure to hepatotoxins are major risk factors, but nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, is an increasingly recognized trigger, especially in developed countries. Older age, severity of insulin resistance and diabetes, and iron overload have been reported to predispose to HCC in this context. Remarkably, HCCs have been reported in non-cirrhotic livers in a higher proportion of cases in NAFLD patients than in other etiologies. Inherited factors have also been implicated to explain the different individual susceptibility to develop HCC, and their role seems magnified in fatty liver, where only a minority of affected subjects progresses to cancer. In particular, the common I148 M variant of the PNPLA3 gene influencing hepatic lipid metabolism influences HCC risk independently of its effect on the progression of liver fibrosis. Recently, rare loss-of-function mutations in Apolipoprotein B resulting in very low density lipoproteins hepatic retention and in Telomerase reverse transcriptase influencing cellular senescence have also been linked to HCC in NAFLD. Indeed, hepatic stellate cells senescence has been suggested to bridge tissue aging with alterations of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity-related HCC. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms mediating hepatic carcinogenesis during insulin resistance, and the identification of its genetic determinants will hopefully provide new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Fibrogenesis Liver disease Genetics Single nucleotide polymorphism Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3

Inflammatory pathways in the early steps of colorectal cancer development

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9716-9731页

作者： Francesco Mariani Paola Sena luca Roncucci Department of Diagnostic Clinical and Public Health MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesSection of Human MorphologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in many *** carcinogenesis is a stepwise process which,from normal mucosa leads to *** factors have been shown to influence this process,however,at present,several points remain *** recent years some hypotheses have been considered on the mechanisms involved in cancer development,expecially in its early *** injury resulting from infectious,mechanical,or chemical agents may elicit a chronic immune response resulting in cellular proliferation and *** inflammation of the large bowel(as in inflammatory bowel diseases),has been associated with the subsequent development of colorectal *** this review we examine the inflammatory pathways involved in the early steps of carcinogenesis,with particular emphasis on ***,we describe cells and proteins recently suggested as central in the mechanism leading to tumor *** and neutrophils are among the cells mostly involved in these processes and proteins,as cyclooxygenases and resolvins,are crucial in these inflammatory ***,the activation of these pathways establishes an oxidative and anaerobic microenvironment with DNA damage to epithelial cells,and shifting from an aerobic to an anaerobic *** cellular mechanisms,such as proliferation,apoptosis,and autophagy are altered causing failure to control normal mucosa repair and renewal.

关键词： Myeloperoxidase Colorectal carcinogenesis Inflammation Aberrant crypt foci Autophagy Hypoxia Apoptosis

Current and future treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第5期6卷 104-108页

作者： luca Mologni Molecular Oncology Lab Department Health SciencesUniversity of Milano-Bicocca

Aberrant forms of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) are involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer, including anaplastic large cell lymphoma, non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma and others. In general, the ALK catalytic domain is rearranged and fused to a dimerization domain encoded by an unrelated gene. Less frequently, full-length ALK is activated by point mutations. The common theme is unregulated firing of ALK downstream signalling, leading to uncontrolled cell division and increased cell survival. ALK-driven tumors can be treated with Crizotinib, an orally available dual ALK/MET inhibitor, currently approved for advanced ALK-positive NSCLCs. Crizotinibtreated patients achieve high response rates, with an excellent toxicity profile. However, drug-resistant disease often develops, particularly in NSCLC patients. The processes leading to drug resistance include both ALKdependent(point mutations or gene amplification), as well as ALK-independent mechanisms, which are here briefly discussed. Recently, Ceritinib has been approved for Crizotinib-refractory NSCLC, further extending patients' survival, but resistance again emerged. Novel ALK kinase inhibitors are currently under clinical development, showing great promise for improved efficacy in drugresistance disease. It is opinion of the author that drugresistance is likely to arise under any treatment, due to intrinsic heterogeneity and adaptability of cancer. To prevent or delay this phenomenon, we need to treat less advanced disease, with drugs that are rapidly effective in order not to allow enough time for tumor evolution, and we want to have more and more drugs with nonoverlapping resistance profiles, for subsequent lines of targeted therapy. Finally, the use of drug combinations may exponentially decrease the chances of resistance.

关键词： Anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase receptor Protein kinase inhibitors Drug resistance Crizotinib Drug combinations

Near-bankfull floods in an Alpine stream:Effects on the sediment mobility and bedload magnitude

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第1期33卷 27-34页

作者： Riccardo Rainato luca Mao Lorenzo Picco Department of Land Environment Agriculture and Forestry University of Padova Department of Ecosystems and Environment Pontificia Universidad Catòlica de Chile

In a mountain environment, the transport of coarse material is a key factor for many fields such as geomorphology, ecology, hazard assessment, and reservoir management. Despite this, there have been only a few field investigations of bedload, in particular using multiple monitoring methods. In this sense,attention has frequently focused on the effects of "high magnitude/low frequency floods" rather than on "ordinary events". This study aims to analyze the sediment dynamics triggered by three high-frequency floods(recurrence interval "RI" between 1.1 and 1.7 yr) that occurred in the Rio Cordon basin during 2014. The flood events were investigated in terms of both sediment mobility and bedload magnitude. The Rio Cordon is an Alpine basin located in northeastern Italy. The catchment has a surface area of 5 km~2,ranging between 1763 and 2763 m above sea level. The Rio Cordon flows on an armored streambed layer,with a stable step-pool configuration and large boulders. Since 1986, the basin has been equipped with a permanent station to continuously monitor water discharge and sediment flux. To investigate sediment mobility, 250 PIT-tags were installed in the streambed in 2012. The 2014 floods showed a clear difference in terms of tracer displacement. The near-bankfull events showed equal mobility conditions, with mean travel distance one order of magnitude higher than the below-bankfull event. Furthermore, only the near-bankfull events transported coarse material to the monitoring station. Both events had a peak discharge up to 2.06 m~3 s, but the bedload transport rates differed by more than one order of magnitude, proving that under the current supply-limited condition, the bedload appears more related to the sediment supply than to the magnitude of the hydrological features. In this sense, the results demonstrated that near-bankfull events can mobilize large amounts of material for long distances, and that floods of apparently similar magnitude may lead to different se

关键词： Bedload Alpine basin Sediment dynamics Bedload tracing PIT-tags

Uncovering variation in social insect communication

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 515-518页

作者： Alessandro CINI luca Pietro CASACCI Volker NEHRING Centre for Biodiversity&Environment Research University College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK Dipartimento di Biologia Universita`degli Studi di FirenzeVia Madonna del PianoSesto FiorentinoFirenze50019Italy Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TurinVia Accademia Albertina 13Turin10123Italy Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Institute of Biology I(Zoology)University of FreiburgHauptstraße 1Freiburg(Brsg.)79104Germany

Introduction Social life within insect societies is regulated by a sophisticated multimodal communication *** blends of chemical compounds are integrated with vibrational,acoustic,and visual signals to control the division of labor in the colony,from colony defense to brood care(d’Ettorre and Moore 2008;Richard and Hunt 2013;Cervo et al.2015).It is no surprise that the study of communication has historically represented a fruitful area of investigation,leading to marvelous discoveries such as the complexities of the honeybee dance communication(von Frisch 1967;I’Anson Price and Gru¨ter 2015)and the sophisticated multimodal deception strategies adopted by socially parasitic species to exploit their hosts(Lenoir et al 2001;Nash and Boomsma 2008;Barbero et al.2009;Casacci et al.2021).

关键词： communication modal covering

A Survey of NISQ Era Hybrid Quantum-Classical Machine Learning Research

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2022年第1期2卷 9-15页

作者： Gennaro De luca Arizona State University ArizonaUSA

Quantum computing is a rapidly growing field that has received a significant amount of support in the past decade in industry and *** physical quantum computers are now freely available to use through cloud services,with some implementations supporting upwards of hundreds of *** advances mark the beginning of the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era of quantum computing,paving the way for hybrid quantum-classical(HQC)*** work provides an introductory overview of gate-model quantum computing through the Visual IoT/Robotics Programming Language Environment and a survey of recent applications of NISQ era quantum computers to HQC machine learning.

关键词： hybrid quantum-classical NISQ era quantum computing quantum ML