The increasing importance of treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS),while avoiding side effects and maintaining sexual function,has allowed for the development of minimally invasive surgical therapies(MiSTs)....
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The increasing importance of treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS),while avoiding side effects and maintaining sexual function,has allowed for the development of minimally invasive surgical therapies(MiSTs).Recently,the European Association of Urology guidelines reported a paradigm shift from the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)to the management of nonneurogenic male LUTS.The aim of the present review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the most commonly used MisTs:ablative techniques such as aquablation,prostatic artery embolization,water vapor energy,and transperineal prostate laser ablation,and nonablative techniques such as prostatic urethral lift and temporarily implanted nitinol device(iTIND).MiSTs are becoming a new promise,even if clinical trials with longer follow-up are still lacking.Most of them are still under investigation and,to date,only a few options have been given as a recommendation for use.They cannot be considered as standard of care and are not suitable for all patients.Advantages and disadvantages should be underlined,without forgetting our objective:treatment of LUTS and re-treatment avoidance.
Paget’s disease(PDB)is a late-onset bone remodeling disorder with a broad spectrum of symptoms and complications.One of the most aggressive forms is caused by the P937R mutation in the ZNF687 gene.Although the geneti...
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Paget’s disease(PDB)is a late-onset bone remodeling disorder with a broad spectrum of symptoms and complications.One of the most aggressive forms is caused by the P937R mutation in the ZNF687 gene.Although the genetic involvement of ZNF687 in PDB has been extensively studied,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.Here,we describe the first Zfp687 knock-in mouse model and demonstrate that the mutation recapitulates the PDB phenotype,resulting in severely altered bone remodeling.Through microcomputed tomography analysis,we observed that 8-month-old mutant mice showed a mainly osteolytic phase,with a significant decrease in the trabecular bone volume affecting the femurs and the vertebrae.Conversely,osteoblast activity was deregulated,producing disorganized bone.Notably,this phenotype became pervasive in 16-month-old mice,where osteoblast function overtook bone resorption,as highlighted by the presence of woven bone in histological analyses,consistent with the PDB phenotype.Furthermore,we detected osteophytes and intervertebral disc degeneration,outlining for the first time the link between osteoarthritis and PDB in a PDB mouse model.RNA sequencing of wild-type and Zfp687 knockout RAW264.7 cells identified a set of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis potentially regulated by Zfp687,e.g.,Tspan7,Cpe,Vegfc,and Ggt1,confirming its role in this process.Strikingly,in this mouse model,the mutation was also associated with a high penetrance of hepatocellular carcinomas.Thus,this study established an essential role of Zfp687 in the regulation of bone remodeling,offering the potential to therapeutically treat PDB,and underlines the oncogenic potential of ZNF687.
Monetary policies, either actual or perceived, cause changes in monetary interest rates. These changes impact the economy through financial institutions, which react to changes in the monetary rates with changes in th...
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Monetary policies, either actual or perceived, cause changes in monetary interest rates. These changes impact the economy through financial institutions, which react to changes in the monetary rates with changes in their administered rates, on both deposits and lendings. The dynamics of administered bank interest rates in response to changes in money market rates is essential to examine the impact of monetary policies on the economy. Chong et al. (2006) proposed an error correction model to study such impact, using data previous to the recent financial crisis. In this paper we examine the validity of the model in the recent time period, characterized by very low monetary rates. The current state of close-to-zero monetary rates is of particular relevance, as it has never been studied before. Our main contribution is a novel, more parsimonious, model and a predictive performance assessment methodology, which allows comparing it with the error correction model.
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