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The airborne contagiousness of respiratory viruses:A comparative analysis and implications for mitigation

Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 257-264页

作者： Alex Mikszewski luca Stabile Giorgio Buonanno Lidia Morawska International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia CIUS Building Performance Lab The City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Cassino and Southern LazioCassinoFRItaly Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUnited Kingdom

The infectious emission rate is a fundamental input parameter for airborne transmission risk assessment,but data are limited due to reliance on estimates from chance superspreading *** study assesses the strength of a predictive estimation approach developed by the authors for SARS-CoV-2 and uses novel estimates to compare the contagiousness of respiratory *** applied the approach to SARS-CoV-1,SARS-CoV-2,MERS,measles virus,adenovirus,rhinovirus,coxsackievirus,seasonal influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)and compared quanta emission rate(ER)estimates to literature *** calculated infection risk in a prototypical classroom and barracks to assess the relative ability of ventilation to mitigate airborne *** median standing and speaking ERestimate for SARS-CoV-2(2.7 quanta h)is similar to active,untreated TB(3.1 quanta h),higher than seasonal influenza(0.17 quanta h-1),and lower than measles virus(15 quanta h).We calculated event reproduction numbers above 1 for SARS-CoV-2,measles virus,and untreated TB in both the classroom and barracks for an activity level of standing and speaking at low,medium and high ventilation rates of 2.3,6.6 and 14 L per second per person(L sp),*** predictive ERestimates are consistent with the range of values reported over decades of *** congregate settings,current ventilation standards are unlikely to control the spread of viruses with upper quartile ERqvalues above 10 quanta h,such as SARS-CoV-2,indicating the need for additional control measures.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19)airborne transmission Quanta emission rate Ventilation Measles Influenza

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Zooming in REE and Other Trace Elements on Conodonts:Does Taxonomy Guide Diagenesis?

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第3期32卷 501-511页

作者： luca Medici Martina Savioli Annalisa Ferretti Daniele Malferrari National Research Council of Italy Institute of Methodologies for Environmental AnalysisC.da S.Loja-Zona Industriale85050 Tito ScaloPotenzaItaly Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 10341125 ModenaItaly

Conodont elements are calcium phosphate(apatite structure)mineralized remains of the cephalic feeding apparatus of an extinct marine *** to the high affinity of apatite for rare earth elements(REE)and other high field strength elements(HFSE),conodont elements were frequently assumed to be a reliable archive of sea-water composition and changes that had occurred during ***,the crystallinity index of bioapatite,i.e.,the rate of crystallinity of biologically mediated apatite,should be generally linearly dependent on diagenetic alteration as the greater(and longer)the pressure and temperature to which a crystal is exposed,the greater the resulting *** this study,we detected the uptake of HFSE in conodont elements recovered from a single stratigraphic horizon in the Upper Ordovician of Normandy(France).Assuming therefore that all the specimens have undergone an identical diagenetic history,we have assessed whether conodont taxonomy(and morphology)impacts HFSE uptake and crystallinity *** found that all conodont elements are characterized by a clear diagenetic signature,with minor but significant differences among *** distinctions are evidenced also by the crystallinity index values which show positive correlations with some elements and,accordingly,with diagenesis;however,correlations with the crystallinity index strongly depend on the method adopted for its calculation.

关键词： bioapatite crystallinity index HFSE laser ablation mass spectrometry microdiffraction Normandy Ordovician

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Between evidence and new perspectives on the current state of the multimodal approach to gastric cancer:Is there still a role for radiation therapy?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第9期10卷 271-281页

作者： Linda Agolli luca Nicosia Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universit?t Dresden Department of Radiation Oncology Sant'Andrea HospitalSapienza University of Rome

In patients affected by gastric cancer(GC), especially those in advanced stage, the multidisciplinary app-roach of treatment is fundamental to obtain a good disease control and quality of life. Although many chemotherapeutics in combination to radiotherapy are adopted in the peri- or postoperative setting, the most optimal timing, regimens and doses remains con-troversial. In the era of radical surgery performed with D2-lymphadenectomy, the role of radiation therapy remains to be better defined. Categories of patients, who could benefit more from an intensified local trea-tment rather than more toxic systemic therapy, are still under investigation. Evidence and recent updates of the randomized trials, meta-analysis and prospective trials show that the postoperative radiotherapy plays a fundamental role in reducing the loco-regional recurrence and in turn the disease-free survival in operable advanced GC patients, also after a well performed D2 surgery. Therapeutic decisions should be taken considering the individual patients, but the multimodal approach is necessary to guarantee a longer survival and a good quality of life. Ongoing randomized trials could better define the timing and the combination of radiotherapy and systemic therapy.

关键词： Adjuvant chemoradiation Locally advanced Perioperative chemotherapy Gastric cancer Combined treatment

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Marine propellers performance and flow-field prediction by a free-wake panel method

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 780-795页

作者： GRECO luca MUSCARI Roberto TESTA Claudio DI MASCIO Andrea CNR-INSEAN Italian Ship Model BasinRomeItaly CNR-IAC Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "M. Picone"RomeItaly

A Boundary Element Method （BEM） hydrodynamics combined with a flow-alignment technique to evaluate blades shed vorticity is presented and applied to a marine propeller in open water. Potentialities and drawbacks of this approach in capturing propeller performance, slipstream velocities, blade pressure distribution and pressure disturbance in the flow-field are highlighted by comparisons with available experiments and RANSE results. In particular, correlations between the shape of the convected vortex- sheet and the accuracy of BEM results are discussed throughout the paper. To this aim, the analysis of propeller thrust and torque is the starting point towards a detailed discussion on the capability of a 3-D free-wake BEM hydrodynamic approach to describe the local features of the flow-field behind the propeller disk, in view of applications to propulsive configurations where the shed wake plays a dominant role.

关键词： BEM hydrodynamics free-wake analysis BEM-RANSE comparison

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Unusual clinical presentation of primary aortoduodenal fistula

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第2期3卷 170-174页

作者： Daniele Bissacco luca Freni luca Attisani Iacopo Barbetta Raffaello Dallatana Piergiorgio Settembrini Daniele Bissacco Luca FreniLuca AttisaniIacopo BarbettaRaffaello DallatanaPiergiorgio Settembrini

Primary aorto-enteric fistula(PAEF)develops between the native aorta and the gastro-intestinal tract,in the presence of an abdominal aortic *** is a rare,life-threatening condition and appears to be less frequent than secondary aortoenteric fistula,which is associated with previous aortic prosthetic *** untreated,the overall mortality rate is almost 100%.Diagnosis may be challenging until the occurrence of a massive *** the presence of gross contamination,patients tend to a worse ***-anatomical bypass and repair of the enteric tract is the treatment of choice in case of gross *** situ reconstruction is often reported in cases of mild bacterial *** treatment has recently become a valid option in haemodynamically unstable patients,but a staged approach,with delayed surgical treatment,seems advisable.

关键词： aorto-enteric fistula aortoduodenal fistula gastro-intestinal bleeding abdominal aortic aneurysm abdominal pulsatile mass

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Increasing temperatures affect multiyear life cycle of the outbreak bush-cricket Barbitistes vicetinus(Orthoptera,Tettigoniidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 530-538页

作者： Giacomo Ortis Lorenzo Marini Giacomo Cavaletto luca Mazzon Department of Agronomy FoodNatural resourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)University of PaduaLegnaroItaly

Although outbreaks of rare species are unusual,several insect species have become emerging pests probably due to the ongoing environmental *** vicetinus was first described in 1993 as an endemic bush-cricket of north-east Italy and was considered rare until 2008,when it became an established pest,causing severe damages to forests and *** possible role of temperature in changing its life cycle has still to be fully ***,we explored the effect of summer temperature on egg diapause and the effect of winter temperature on egg *** observations showed that the proportion of embryos that can complete development at the end of summer ranged from zero to nearly 90% depending on summer temperatures.A substantial shift in the rate of development from 20% to nearly 80% occurred in a thermal range of about 1℃.On the contrary,overwinter egg survival was high and constant(90%)across a wide range of winter temperatures that go well beyond both the cold and warm thermal limits of the current species ***,the results suggest a potential key role of summer temperature warming on the outbreak propensity of this species that is able to switch from a multiyear to an annual life cycle with just a 1-2℃ warming.

关键词： climate change diapauses global warming overwinter survival pest pluriannualcycle

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Event Scenario Analysis for the Design of Rockslide Countermeasures

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第6期11卷 1521-1530页

作者： GIGLI Giovanni INTRIERI Emanuele LOMBARDI luca NOCENTINI Massimiliano FRODELLA William BALDUCCI Marco VENANTI luca Domenico CASAGLI Nicola Department of Earth Science University of Studies of Florence Area Progetto Associati Studio Geologi Associati

The Torgiovannetto quarry(Assisi municipality,central Italy) is an example of a site where the natural equilibrium was altered by human activity,causing current slope instability phenomena which threaten two roadways important for the local *** quarry front,having a height of about 140 m,is affected by a 182,000 m3 rockslide developed in intensely fractured limestone and is too large to be *** 2003 some tension cracks were detected in the vegetated area above the quarry upper *** then on,several monitoring campaigns were carried out by means of different instrumentations(topographic total station,extensometers,inclinometers,ground-based interferometric radar,laser scanner and infrared thermal camera),allowing researchers to accurately define the landslide area and *** latter's major displacements are localized in the eastern *** deformational field appears to be related to the seasonal *** landslide hazard associated with the worst case scenario was evaluated in terms of magnitude,intensity and triggering *** the definition of the possible runout process the DAN 3D code was *** simulation results were used in order to design and construct a retaining ***,in order to preserve both the safety of the personnelinvolved in its realization and of the roadways users,an early warning system was *** early warning system is based on daily-averaged displacement velocity *** alarm level is reached if the prediction based on the methods of Saito(1969) and Fukuzono(1985) forecasts an imminent rupture.

关键词： Risk scenarios Risk management Landslides Monitoring Rock avalanche

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Application of machine learning techniques to simulate the evaporative fraction and its relationship with environmental variables in corn crops

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 758-771页

作者： Terenzio Zenone luca Vitale Daniela Famulari Vincenzo Magliulo National Research Council Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanP.Le Enrico Fermi 180055 PorticiItaly National Research Council CNR Institute for BioeconomyVia P.Gobetti10140129 BolognaItaly

Background:The evaporative fraction(EF)represents an important biophysical parameter reflecting the distribution of surface available *** this study,we investigated the daily and seasonal patterns of EF in a multi-year corn cultivation located in southern Italy and evaluated the performance of five machine learning(ML)classes of algorithms:the linear regression(LR),regression tree(RT),support vector machine(SVM),ensembles of tree(ETs)and Gaussian process regression(GPR)to predict the EF at daily time *** adopted methodology consisted of three main steps that include:(i)selection of the EF predictors;(ii)comparison of the different classes of ML;(iii)application,cross-validation of the selected ML algorithms and comparison with the observed ***:Our results indicate that SVM and GPR were the best classes of ML at predicting the EF,with a total of four different algorithms:cubic SVM,medium Gaussian SVM,the Matern 5/2 GPR,and the rational quadratic *** com-parison between observed and predicted EF in all four algorithms,during the training phase,were within the 95%confidence interval:the R^(2)value between observed and predicted EF was 0.76(RMSE 0.05)for the medium Gaussian SVM,0.99(RMSE 0.01)for the rational quadratic GPR,0.94(RMSE 0.02)for the Matern 5/2 GPR,and 0.83(RMSE 0.05)for the cubic SVM *** results were obtained during the testing *** results of the cross-validation analysis indicate that the R^(2)values obtained between all iterations for each of the four adopted ML algorithms were basically constant,confirming the ability of ML as a tool to predict ***:ML algorithms represent a valid alternative able to predict the EF especially when remote sensing data are not available,or the sky conditions are not *** application to different geographical areas,or crops,requires further development of the model based on different data sources of soils,climate,and cropping systems.

关键词： Energy flux Evapotranspiration Eddy covariance Artificial intelligence

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High-speed tracked vehicle model order reduction for static and dynamic simulations

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第8期38卷 89-110页

作者： luca Dimauro Simone Venturini Antonio Tota Enrico Galvagno Mauro Velardocchia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi2410129TorinoItaly

In this paper, a model order reduction strategy is adopted for the static and dynamic behaviour simulation of a high-speed tracked vehicle. The total number of degree of freedom of the structure is condensed through a selection of interface degrees of freedom and significant global mode shapes, for an approximated description of vehicle dynamic behaviour. The methodology is implemented in a customised open-source software to reduce the computational efforts. The modelled tracked vehicle includes the sprung mass, the unsprung masses, connected by means of torsional bars, and all the track assemblies, composing the track chain. The proposed research activity presents a comprehensive investigation of the influence of the track chain, combined with longitudinal vehicle speed, on statics and vehicle dynamics, focusing on vertical dynamics. The vehicle response has been investigated both in frequency and time domain. In this last case road-wheel displacements are assumed as inputs for the model, under different working conditions, hence considering several road profiles with different amplitudes and characteristic excitation frequencies. Simulation results have proven a high fidelity in model order reduction approach and a significant contribution of the track chain in the global dynamic behaviour of the tracked vehicle.

关键词： Tracked vehicle dynamics Rubber characteristics Component mode synthesis Modal analysis Open-source

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Precise Agriculture:Effective Deep Learning Strategies to Detect Pest Insects

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第2期9卷 246-258页

作者： luca Butera Alberto Ferrante Mauro Jermini Mauro Prevostini Cesare Alippi Universitàdella Svizzera italiana Faculty of InformaticsLugano 6900Switzerland Agroscope Research Centre CadenazzoCadenazzo 6594Switzerland IEEE

Pest insect monitoring and control is crucial to ensure a safe and profitable crop growth in all plantation types,as well as guarantee food quality and limited use of *** aim at extending traditional monitoring by means of traps,by involving the general public in reporting the presence of insects by using *** includes the largely unexplored problem of detecting insects in images that are taken in noncontrolled ***,pest insects are,in many cases,extremely similar to other species that are ***,computer vision algorithms must not be fooled by these similar insects,not to raise unmotivated *** this work,we study the capabilities of state-of-the-art(SoA)object detection models based on convolutional neural networks(CNN)for the task of detecting beetle-like pest insects on nonhomogeneous images taken outdoors by different ***,we focus on disambiguating a pest insect from similar harmless *** consider not only detection performance of different models,but also required computational *** study aims at providing a baseline model for this kind of *** results show the suitability of current SoA models for this application,highlighting how FasterRCNN with a MobileNetV3 backbone is a particularly good starting point for accuracy and inference execution *** combination provided a mean average precision score of 92.66%that can be considered qualitatively at least as good as the score obtained by other authors that adopted more specific models.

关键词： Computer vision machine learning neural network pest insect pest monitoring Popillia japonica precise agriculture

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