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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana M.M.Günther n.Bukharskii n.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov n.e.Andreev O.n.Rosmej Faculty of electrical engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany national Research nuclear University MePhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHeLIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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On Differential equations of Integrable Billiard Tables

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,english Series 2024年第1期40卷 417-424页

作者： Vladimir DRAGOVIC Andrey e.MIROnOV Department of Mathematical Sciences The University of Texas at DallasRichardson TXUSA Mathematical Institute SAnU BelgradeSerbia novosibirsk State University NovosibirskRussia Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences NovosibirskRussia

We introduce a method to find differential equations for functions which define tables,such that associated billiard systems admit a local first *** illustrate this method in three situations:the case of(locally)integrable wire billiards,for finding surfaces in R^(3)with a first integral of degree one in velocities,and for finding a piece-wise smooth surface in R^(3)homeomorphic to a torus,being a table of a billiard admitting two additional first integrals.

关键词： Polynomial first integrals wire billiards piece-wise smooth surfaces

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A multi-platform analysis of human gingival crevicular fluid reveals ferroptosis as a relevant regulated cell death mechanism during the clinical progression of periodontitis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 265-279页

作者： Alfredo Torres M.Angélica Michea Ákos Végvári Marion Arce Valentina Pérez Marcela Alcota Alicia Morales Rolando Vernal Mauricio Budini Roman A.Zubarev Fermín e.González Laboratory of experimental Immunology&Cancer Faculty of DentistryUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Department of Conservative Dentistry Faculty of DentistryUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Division of Chemistry I Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of DentistryUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology Institute for Research in Dental SciencesFaculty of DentistryUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile

Ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic-inflammatory diseases,yet its association with progressive periodontitis remains *** investigate the involvement and significance of ferroptosis in periodontitis progression,we assessed sixteen periodontitis-diagnosed *** progression was clinically monitored over twelve weeks via weekly clinical evaluations and gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)collection was performed for further *** metrics,proteomic data,in silico methods,and bioinformatics tools were combined to identify protein profiles linked to periodontitis progression and to explore their potential connection with *** western blot analyses validated key ***,a single-cell RnA sequencing(scRnA-seq)dataset(GSe164241)for gingival tissues was analyzed to elucidate cellular dynamics during periodontitis *** progression was identified as occurring at a faster rate than traditionally *** samples from progressing and non-progressing periodontal sites showed quantitative and qualitatively distinct proteomic *** addition,specific biological processes and molecular functions during progressive periodontitis were revealed and a set of hub proteins,including SnCA,CA1,HBB,SLC4A1,and AnK1 was strongly associated with the clinical progression status of ***,we found specific proteins-drivers or suppressors-associated with ferroptosis(SnCA,FTH1,HSPB1,CD44,and GCLC),revealing the co-occurrence of this specific type of regulated cell death during the clinical progression of ***,the integration of quantitative proteomic data with scRnA-seq analysis suggested the susceptibility of fibroblasts to *** analyses reveal proteins and processes linked to ferroptosis for the first time in periodontal patients,which offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of progressive periodontal *** findings may le

关键词： finding progression faster

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Reconstructive surgery for phantom and residual limb pain in post-conflict settings

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Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2024年第1期6卷 54-55页

作者： Damián Palafox Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department Hospital Angeles PueblaPuebla 72190Mexico

Traumatic amputations remain one of the most frequent and disturbing wounds of armed *** this scenario,most amputees develop residual and phantom limb pain,impacting their quality of *** are several elective surgical procedures available for both conditions,such as neuroma excision followed by nerve reconstruction,nerve relocation,e.g.,surgically implanting a transected nerve into a muscle,nerve transfers in cases of associated paralysis,and most recently,regenerative peripheral nerve interface *** possible in the post-conflict phase,a coordinated effort between traveling humanitarian surgeons specializing in reconstructive microsurgery and local healthcare providers is essential for successfully treating phantom and chronic residual limb pain in post-conflict *** providing a detailed logistical framework for global humanitarian missions is beyond the scope of this article,we provide a brief perspective on a topic of utmost importance for reconstructive surgeons worldwide:the high-quality care and treatment of refugees and those whose lives have been impacted by conflict,disaster,or displacement.

关键词： Residual limb pain Phantom limb pain Refugees Reconstructive surgery Microsurgery Amputees

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Aulacaspis yasumatsui infestations accelerate Cycas leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 681-684页

作者： Thomas e.MARLeR Bagong Kaalaman Botanikal Institute 15 Rizal StreetBarangay MalabañasAngeles City 2009(Philippines)

Dear editor,numerous aspects of ecosystem ecology are influenced by insects(Prasad,2022).Herbivory of plant organs by insects may influence the biogeochemistry of forests by changing the speed of litter decomposition(Schowalter,2022).Cycas micronesica *** is the only native gymnosperm in the Mariana *** once-abundant tree experienced no known lethal threats prior to the 2003 invasion of Guam by the scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi(Marler,2012).This insular case study has been the subject of abundant research(Marler et al.,2021).Changes to leaf litter chemistry improved litter quality following *** infestations(Marler and Dongol,2016),but the prediction of increased decomposition speed has not been confirmed with experimental incubations.

关键词： litter fir release

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Octopamine enhances learning

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national Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 82-83页

作者： Yvette e.Fisher Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills neuroscience Institute University of California

Across the animal kingdom, diverse monoamines actuate and modulate neural circuit function. However, measuring the rapid dynamics of these neuromodulators at cellular resolution has historically presented significant ... 详细信息

关键词： DOPAMIne TYRAMIne FLIeS

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Commentary on "Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among ***"

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 127-129页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

In their study,association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with body fat among ***,Liao et al.^(1) analyzed data from the 2011-2018 national Health and examination Survey to examine associations between h/day sitting,meeting (or not meeting) the *** Activity Guidelines of≥150 min/week of moderate-and vigorous-intensity LTPA,and combinations of sitting time and LTPA on totaland trunk percent body fat (BF%).

关键词： U.S. adult among

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exploration of chromene-based BioAIegens

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national Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 47-48页

作者： Fritz e.Kühn Department of Chemistry&Catalysis Research Center School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich

Photoemission efficiency is usually higher in solution than in solid *** compounds however, display a reverse behavior. Such a behavior is called aggregation-induced emission(AIe).

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Performance analysis of deep borehole heat exchangers for decarbonization of heating systems

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Deep Underground Science and engineering 2024年第3期3卷 349-357页

作者： Andreas e.D.Lund Department of electrical engineering and Automation Aalto UniversityEspooFinland

Meeting the climate change mitigation targets will require a substantial shift from fossil to clean fuels in the heating *** pumps with deep borehole exchangers are a promising solution to reduce *** the thermal behavior of deep borehole exchangers(DBHes)ranging from 1 to 2 km was analyzed for various heat flow profiles.A strong correlation between thermal energy extraction and power output from DBHes was found,also influenced by the heating profile *** operating time over the year typically resulted in higher energy production,while shorter one yielded higher average thermal power output,highlighting the importance of the choice of heating strategy and system design for optimal performance of *** breaks in operation for regenerating the borehole,for example,with waste heat,proved to be favorable for the performance yielding an overall heat output close to the same as with continuous extraction of *** results demonstrate the usefulness of deep boreholes for dense urban areas with less available *** the heat production from a single DBHe in Finnish conditions ranges from half up to even a few GWh a year,the technology is best suitable for larger heat loads.

关键词： clean energy deep borehole exchangers energy transition geothermal heat ground-coupled heat pump

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Climate refugia along Lake Superior’s shores:disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are restricted to highly exposed habitat under climate warming

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Journal of Plant ecology 2024年第4期17卷 23-41页

作者： Ashley Hillman Scott e.nielsen Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

Climate refugia can serve as a remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate *** largest freshwater lake by surface area,Lake Superior,USA and Canada,serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia,as its cool water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for southern disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since ***,we seek to explain spatial patterns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along Lake Superior’s shores,and assess future risk to refugia under moderate(+3.5℃)and warmest(+5.7℃)climate warming ***,we examined how the interactive effects of summer surface water temperatures and wind affected onshore temperatures,resulting in areas of cooler ***,we developed an ecological niche model for the presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia(pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species)along the lake’s ***,we fit species distribution models for 20 of the most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia ***,we used the two climate warming scenarios to predict changes in the presence of refugia and disjunct *** type,elevation above water,inland distance,July land surface temperature from MODIS/Terra satellite and near-shore depth of water were the best predictors of disjunct ***,we predicted 2236 km of the shoreline(51%)as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions,but this was reduced to 20% and 7% with moderate(894 km)and warmest(313 km)climate change projections.

关键词： climate refugia disjunct populations lake effect Lake Superior species distribution models

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