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Effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer:Brightness and challenge

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第10期63卷 1499-1514页

作者： Ying Yang Yongfeng Yu shun lu Shanghai lung Cancer Center Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 20030China

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),especially inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis,have significantly affected the outcomes of patients with lung cancer.Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved as PD-1 blocking antibodies,whereas atezolizumab,avelumab,and durvalumab are approved as PD-L1 blocking antibodies by the United States Food and Drug Administration.However,which patient may benefit the most and how to identify patients at risk of primary or acquired resistance has not been completely defined.Meanwhile,close attention has been paid to the ongoing international and domestic clinical trials in Chinese patients with lung cancer.This review aimed to provide deep insight into the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with lung cancer,including the current settings for varied disease status,the predictive biomarkers,the resistance to ICIs,and the ongoing clinical trials in Chinese patients.

关键词： immunotherapy PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors lung cancer

PTGS2 identified as a biomarker of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and an enhancer of osteogenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第1期10卷 14-17页

作者： Qingyu Zhang shun lu Dongsheng Zhou Jun Dong Fanxiao Liu Department of Orthopaedics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong 250021China

Due to the use of more adjuvant therapies and the increasing prevalence of associated diseases,nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)has become a substantial worldwide health issue;while glucocorticoid administration was the highest-ranked risk factor,with a proportion ranging from 26.35 to 55.75%.1 Albeit with similar radiological features,glucocorticoid-induced ONFH(GONFH)manifested a greater probability for advance-tolate-stage(post-collapse)lesions in comparison with its non-glucocorticoid-induced counterparts.i1 Therefore,an accurate and timely diagnosis of osteonecrosis following glucocorticoid therapy is of great significance to initiate nonoperative treatment regimens or joint-preserving procedures,slow disease progression,and defer or avert joint arthroplasty.

关键词： glucocorticoid diagnosis operative

cnfishbase:A cyber Chinese fish database

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动物学研究(英文) 2023年第5期44卷 950-953页

作者： Yong-Rui lu Cheng-Chi Fang shun-Ping He State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

Fish constitute the largest group among vertebrates,accounting for more than half of all vertebrate species(Nelson et al.,2016),with new fish described each year.In the first edition of Fishes of the World,Nelson(1976)recorded 18818 fish species from 450 families,which increased to 21723 fish species from 445 families in the second edition(Nelson,1984),24618 fish species from 482 families in the third edition(Nelson,1994).

关键词： fish Nelson

Quantum transport in topological semimetals under magnetic fields

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Frontiers of physics 2017年第3期12卷 43-60页

作者： Hai-Zhou lu shun-Qing Shen Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China

Topological semimetals are three-dimensional topological states of matter, in which the conduction and valence bands touch at a finite number of points, i.e., the Weyl nodes. Topological semimetals host paired monopoles and antimonopoles of Berry curvature at the Weyl nodes and topologically protected Fermi arcs at certain surfaces. We review our recent works on quantum transport in topo- logical semimetals, according to the strength of the magnetic field. At weak magnetic fields, there are competitions between the positive magnetoresistivity induced by the weak anti-localization effect and negative magnetoresistivity related to the nontrivial Berry curvature. We propose a fitting formula for the magnetoconductivity of the weak anti-localization. We expect that the weak localization may be induced by inter-valley effects and interaction effect, and occur in double-Weyl semimetals. For the negative magnetoresistance induced by the nontrivial Berry curvature in topological semimetals, we show the dependence of the negative magnetoresistance on the carrier density. At strong magnetic fields, specifically, in the quantum limit, the magnetoconductivity depends on the type and range of the scattering potential of disorder. The high-field positive magnetoconductivity nmy not be a com- pelling signature of the chiral anomaly. For long-range Gaussian scattering potential and half filling, the magnetoconductivity can be linear in the quantum limit. A minimal conductivity is found at the Weyl nodes although the density of states vanishes there.

关键词： topological semimetal magnetoconductivity magnetoresistance localization,anti-localization chiral anomaly

GPU-Based DEM Simulations of Global Ice Resistance on Ship Hull During Navigation in Level Ice

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China Ocean Engineering 2021年第2期35卷 228-237页

作者： HU Bing LIU lu WANG De-yu JI shun-ying State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China COSCO SHIPPING Corporation Limited Shanghai 200027China State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023China

The ice resistance on a ship hull affects the safety of the hull structure and the ship maneuvering performance in icecovered regions.In this paper,the discrete element method(DEM)is adopted to simulate the interaction between level ice and ship hull.The level ice is modeled with 3D bonded spherical elements considering the buoyancy and drag force of the water.The parallel bonding approach and the de-bonding criterion are adopted to model the freezing and breakage of level ice.The ship hull is constructed with rigid triangle elements.To improve computational efficiency,the GPU-based parallel computational algorithm was developed for the DEM simulations.During the interaction between the ship hull and level ice,the ice cover is broken into small blocks when the interparticle stress approaches the bonding strength.The global ice resistance on the hull is calculated through the contacts between ice elements and hull elements during the navigation process.The influences of the ice thickness and navigation speed on the dynamic ice force are analyzed considering the breakage mechanism of ice cover.The Lindqvist and Riska formulas for the determination of ice resistance on ship hull are employed to validate the DEM simulation.The comparison of results of DEM,Lindqvist,and Riska formula show that the DEM result is between those the Lindqvist formula and Riska formula.Therefore the proposed DEM is an effective approach to determine the ice resistance on the ship hull.This work can be aided in the hull structure design and the navigation operation in ice-covered fields.

关键词： global ice resistance ship hull discrete element method level ice GPU-based parallel computation

Maintenance Therapy for NSCLC: Consensus and Controversy

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2011年第4期23卷 254-258页

作者： shun lu Yong‐feng Yu Shanghai lung Cancer Center Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China

Nowadays,advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still an incurable disease.However,recent researches on maintenance therapy have led to considerable progress.Recently,pemetrexed and erlotinib have been approved for maintenance chemotherapy by both the U.S.Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency.However,there are not adequate data to support the maintenance therapy as the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC and there has been no conclusive predictor of who will get benefit from maintenance chemotherapy and what type of maintenance,continuation or switch,is preferred.This article reviews the main studies on maintenance therapy of advanced NSCLC and discusses the results available to date.

关键词： Non-small cell lung cancer Maintenance therapy Pemetrexed Erlotinib

Efficient electroreduction of nitrate via enriched active phases on copper-cobalt oxides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 204-209页

作者： Ling Fang Sha Wang shun lu Fengjun Yin Yujie Dai Lin Chang Hong Liu Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Electrochemical conversion of nitrate(NO_(3)~-) to ammonia(NH_(3)) can target two birds with one stone well, in NO_(3)^(-)-containing sewage remediation and sustainable NH_(3) production. However, single metalbased catalysts are difficult to drive high-efficient NO_(3)~- removal due to the multi-electron transfer steps.Herein, we present a tandem catalyst with simple structure, Cu-Co binary metal oxides(Cu-Co-O), by engineering intermediate phases as catalytic active species for NO_(3)~- conversion. Electrochemical evaluation,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ Raman spectra together suggest that the newly-generated Cu-based phases was prone to NO_(3)~- to NO_(2)~- conversion, then NO_(2)~- was reduced to NH_(3) on Co-based species. At an applied potential of -1.1 V vs. saturated calomel electrode, the Cu-Co-O catalyst achieved NO_(3)~- -N removal of 90% and NH_(3) faradaic efficiency of 81% for 120 min in 100 m L of 50 mg/L NO_(3)~- -N,consuming only 0.69 k Wh/mol in a two-electrode system. This study provides a facile and efficient engineering strategy for developing high-performance catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate conversion.

关键词： NO_(3)^(-)-containing sewage remediation Electrocatalytic reduction Copper-cobalt oxides Tandem reactivity Enriched active phases

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化疗相关性贫血

中华内科杂志 2023年第3期62卷 242-246页

作者：沈岚陆舜上海市胸科医院/上海交通大学医学院附属胸科医院肿瘤科上海200030

化疗相关性贫血是肿瘤患者常见的并发症,总体发病率高,但治疗率不理想,是导致患者预后不良的重要危险因素。当前治疗手段有限,且存在血源紧张、红细胞生成刺激剂和铁剂使用不规范、不良反应多、治疗费用高等各种不足。临床工作中需要根... 详细信息

化疗相关性贫血是肿瘤患者常见的并发症,总体发病率高,但治疗率不理想,是导致患者预后不良的重要危险因素。当前治疗手段有限,且存在血源紧张、红细胞生成刺激剂和铁剂使用不规范、不良反应多、治疗费用高等各种不足。临床工作中需要根据指南评估病情和制定个体化治疗方案,合理有效地早期干预,积极开发早期监测手段及新型药物,以期提高患者生活质量,改善临床预后,减轻疾病负担。

关键词：肿瘤治疗方案化疗贫血治疗结果

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语言作为认知对象及其对相关现象的解释

汉语学习 2023年第3期 3-12页

作者：卢英顺复旦大学中文系上海200433

本文明确提出把语言自身看作认知对象。语言自身具有语音、语汇和语法三要素(汉字也可包括在内),这是我们对语言的基本认知。这三要素中,对语汇成员——词语的认知至关重要。词语的认知属性主要包括三个方面:词语的语义属性、句法功能... 详细信息

本文明确提出把语言自身看作认知对象。语言自身具有语音、语汇和语法三要素(汉字也可包括在内),这是我们对语言的基本认知。这三要素中,对语汇成员——词语的认知至关重要。词语的认知属性主要包括三个方面:词语的语义属性、句法功能属性、习惯搭配属性;此外还有一个形式属性(包括语音形式和书写形式)。将语言作为认知对象,之所以能解释部分语言现象,是因为有些语言现象的产生与我们对语言自身的认知有关。

关键词：语言认知对象习惯搭配