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eLighting up the future

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第7期10卷 1150-1151页

作者： ling lu Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

What will be the cutting-edge photonics research in the coming decade?*** and Segev share their perspective by highlighting quantum,topological,and AI photonics on eLight.

关键词： quantum photonics cutting

Genetic profiling of cancer with circulating tumor DNA analysis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第2期45卷 79-85页

作者： ling lu Junqin Bi Liming Bao Department of Rheumatology Huashan HospitalFudan University Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College

Circulating cell-free tumor DNA（ctDNA） in the blood is DNA released from apoptotic, circulating, and living tumor cells. ctDNA is about 140 nt in length and has a half-life of about 1.5 h. ctDNA analysis provides a noninvasive means to assess the genetic profile of cancer in real time. With the advent of molecular technologies, including digital PCR and massively parallel sequencing（MPS）, ctDNA analysis has shown promise as a highly sensitive and specific alternative to conventional tissue biopsy in cancer detection, longitudinal monitoring, and precision therapy. This review provides an overview of the latest development in our understanding of the biologic characteristics, detection methodologies, and potential clinical implications of ctDNA, as well as the challenges in translating ctDNA analysis from the research arena to patient care.

关键词： ctDNA Cancer genetics Genetic profile Liquid biopsy Precision therapy

An upper bound for the generalized adiabatic approximation error with a superposition initial state

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第3期58卷 1-7页

作者： WANG WenHua CAO HuaiXin lu ling YU BaoMin College of Mathematics and Information Science Shaanxi Normal University Section of Military Operation Research Border Defence Academy College of Mathematics and Information Science Weinan Normal University

The classical adiabatic approximation theory gives an adiabatic approximate solution to the Schr6dinger equation （SE） by choosing a single eigenstate of the Hamiltonian as the initial state. The superposition principle of quantum states enables us to mathematically discuss the exact solution to the SE starting from a superposition of two different eigenstates of the time-dependent Hamiltonian H（0）. Also, we can construct an approximate solution to the SE in terms of the corresponding instantaneous eigenstates of H（t）. On the other hand, any physical experiment may bring errors so that the initial state （input state） may be a superposition of different eigenstates, not just at the desired eigenstate. In this paper, we consider the generalized adiabatic evolution of a quantum system starting from a superposition of two different eigenstates of the Hamiltonian at t = 0. A generalized adiabatic approximate solution （GAAS） is constructed and an upper bound for the generalized adiabatic approximation error is given. As an application, the fidelity of the exact solution and the GAAS is estimated.

关键词： upper bound error quantum adiabatic approximation

Adiabatic approximation in PT-symmetric quantum mechanics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第10期57卷 1835-1839页

作者： GUO ZhiHua CAO HuaiXin lu ling College of Mathematics and Information Science Shaanxi Normal University Section of Military Operation Research Xi'an Military Academy

In this paper, we present a quantitative sufficient condition for adiabatic approximation in PT-symmetric quantum mechanics,which yields that a state of the PT-symmetric quantum system at any time will remain approximately in the m-th eigenstate up to a multiplicative phase factor whenever it is initially in the m-th eigenstate of the Hamiltonian. In addition, we estimate the approximation errors by the distance and the fidelity between the exact solution and the adiabatic approximate solution to the time evolution equation, respectively.

关键词： PT-symmetry time evolution equation adiabatic approximation error estimation

Diverse Roles of Immune Cells in Transplant Rejection and Immune Tolerance

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Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 44-56页

作者： Xiaojie Gan Jian Gu Zheng Ju ling lu Hepatobiliary Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University&Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant ImmunologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesNanjing 210029China

Organ transplant rejection(OTR)is a complex immune reaction involving multiple cells,and it determines graft survival and patient *** present,most transplant recipients are administered a combination of immunosuppressive and biological agents to protect them from ***,immunosuppressive agents negatively impact the immune system of the patients,causing them to suffer from serious complications,such as chronic infection and malignant ***,a thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in immune tolerance and immune rejection with regard to organ transplant(OT)is essential for developing better treatment options and improving patient *** article reviews the role of immune cells in OTR and organ transplant tolerance(OTT),including the novel cell therapies that are currently under clinical trials for transplant recipients.

关键词： Immune cells Innate immune cells Adaptive immune cells Organ transplant Immune tolerance

TRACKING METHODS FOR FREE SURFACE AND SIMULATION OF A LIQUID DROPLET IMPACTING ON A SOLID SURFACE BASED ON SPH

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第4期23卷 447-456页

作者： LI Da-ming XU Ya-nan LI ling-ling lu Hui-jiao BAI ling State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety School of Civil Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

With some popular tracking methods for free surface, simulations of several typical examples are carried out under various flow field conditions. The results show that the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） method is very suitable in simulating the flow problems with a free surface. A viscous liquid droplet with an initial velocity impacting on a solid surface is simulated based on the SPH method, and the surface tension is considered by searching the free surface particles, the initial impact effect is considered by using the artificial viscosity method, boundary virtual particles and image virtual particles are introduced to deal with the boundary problem, and the boundary defect can be identified quite well. The comparisons of simulated results and experimental photographs show that the SPH method can not only exactly simulate the spreading process and the rebound process of a liquid droplet impacting on a solid surface but also accurately track the free surface particles, simulate the free-surface flow and determine the shape of the free surface due to its particle nature.

关键词： Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method viscous liquid droplet impacting on a solid surface free surface

Direct Imaging of Excimer Laser Induced Plasma Near the Surface of YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x) Target

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Chinese Physics Letters 1993年第12期10卷 731-733页

作者： LIU Daming lu Dongsheng LI Zaiguang lu ling LEI Zhiliang National Laboratory of Laser Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074

Using an optical spectroscopy analyzer,the axial and radial distributions of emission spectra intensities of XeCl excimer laser induced plasma near the suriace of YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x) target were *** angular distributions of excited species in the laser plasma,plume were obtained by curve *** followed cosn0 when the incident laser power density was 2.24×10^(8) W/cm^(2) and the background oxygen pressure was 2×10^(-1 )Torr,where the value of n was between 3.66 and 5.56.

关键词： laser XeCl excited

The facile insertion of β-keto sulfones to arynes:The direct preparation of polysubstituted ortho-keto benzyl sulfones

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第6期19卷 631-633页

作者： Jian Xue lu ling Wu Xian Huang Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University （Campus Xixi） Hangzhou 310028 PR China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 PR China

One novel carbon-carbon bond insertion reaction of arynes has been developed. By this reaction β-keto sulfones can insert the triple bond of arynes to prepare polysubstituted ortho-keto benzyl sulfones.

关键词： arynes Insertion reaction C-C bonds β-Keto sulfones

A Novel Method for Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Furans

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2006年第11期17卷 1421-1422页

作者： lu Bin XU Fang Rui ZHONG lu ling WU Xian HUANG Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University （Xixi Campus） Hangzhou 310028

Intermolecular addition-cyclization of 1, 3-dicarbonyl compounds with arylbromo- allenes in K2CO3 mediated condition afforded 2, 3, 4-trisubstituted furans in good yield.

关键词： Bromoallene polysubstituted furans allyl dication equivalent.