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Heat Transfer,Knock Modeling and Cyclic Variability in a “Downsized”spark-Ignition Turbocharged Engine

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2011年第3期3卷 310-326页

作者： Fabio Bozza Daniela siano Michela costa Universita di Napoli “Federico II” DIMEVia Claudio 2180125 NapoliItaly Istituto Motori-CNR Viale Marconi 880125 NapoliItaly

In the present paper a combined procedure for the quasi-dimensional modelling of heat transfer,combustion and knock phenomena in a “downsized”spark Ignition two-cylinder turbocharged engine is *** procedure is extended to also include the effects consequent the Cyclic *** transfer is modelled by means of a Finite Elements *** simulation is based on a fractal description of the flame front *** Variability(CV)is characterized through the introduction of a random variation on a number of parameters controlling the rate of heat release(air/fuel ratio,initial flame kernel duration and radius,laminar flame speed,turbulence intensity).The intensity of the random variation is specified in order to realize a Coefficient Of Variation(COV)of the Indicated Mean Effective Pressure(IMEP)similar to the one measured during an experimental ***,the relative importance of the various concurring effects is established on the overall COV.A kinetic scheme is then solved within the unburned gas zone,characterized by different thermodynamic conditions occurring *** this way,an optimal choice of the “knock-limited”spark advance is effected and compared with experimental ***,the CV effects on the occurrence of individual knocking cycles are assessed and discussed.

关键词： Finite elements in heat transfer internal combustion engines modelling cyclic variability knock

Accommodation in human eye models:a comparison between the optical designs of Navarro,Arizona and Liou-Brennan

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第1期10卷 43-50页

作者： Georgios Zoulinakis Jose Juan Esteve-Taboada Teresa Ferrer-Blasco David Madrid-costa Robert Montés-Mico Department of Optics and Physics Faculty University 46100Spain Optometry and Vision Sciencesof ValenciaBurjassotValencia Interuniversity laboratory for research in Vision and Optometry Mixed group University of ValenciaUniversity of MurciaSpain

AIM： To simulate and compare accommodation in accommodative and non-accommodative human eye ***： Ray tracing and optical design program was used. Three eye models were designed and studied： the Navarro, the Arizona and the Liou-Brennan. In order to make the Navarro and Liou-Brennan models to accommodate, specific geometric parameters of the models were altered with values that were chosen from the literature. For the Arizona model, its’ mathematical functions for accommodation were used for the same accommodative demands. The simulation included four distances of accommodation for each model： at infinity, 3, 1 and 0.5 *** results were diffraction images of a “letter F” for graphical comparison, spot diagrams on the retinal field and Modulation Transfer Function （MTF） ***：Zernike coefficients for the aberrations, Airy disk diameter, root mean square （RMs） error diameter and total axial length of the model were provided from the program. These were compared between them in all distances. The Navarro model had the smallest axial length change as a simple model. The Arizona did not change its axial length because it is designed to be accommodative. The Liou-Brennan model had different results concerning the aberrations because of the decentration of the pupil. The MTF graphs showed small differences between the models because of the differences in their ***： All the three models are able to simulate accommodation with the expected results. There is no model that can be assumed as the best choice. Accommodation can be simulated in non-accommodativemodels and in customized ones.

关键词： accommodation design eye model optical

Weighted individual-resource networks in prey–predator systems: the role of prey availability on the emergence of modular structures

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 115-127页

作者： Andrea costa Antonio ROMANO Giacomo ROsA sebastiano sALVIDIO Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences(DISTAV)University of GenovaGenovaItaly Italian National Research Council(CNR) Agriculture and Food Sciences Department(IBE)Institute of Bioeconomy–BiologyRomaRMItaly

Ecological networks,usually depicting interactions among species,have been recently down-scaled to the individual level,permitting description of patterns of inter-individual resource variation that are usually hindered at the species *** diet theory(ODT)models,applied to prey–predator systems,predict different patterns of nestedness and modularity in the network,depending on the available resources and intra-specific *** effect of resource availability on the emergence of networks structures,and ODT framework,has not yet fully been ***,we analyzed the structural patterns of individual-resource networks in 3 species of Mediterranean salamanders,in relation to changes in prey *** used weighted individual-resource network metrics to interpret the observed patterns,according to 3 ODT *** found significant nestedness recurring in our study system,indicating that both selective and opportunistic individuals occur in the same *** diversity,rather than abundance,was apparently related to inter-individual resource variation and promoted the emergence of significant modularity within all *** observed patterns of nestedness and modularity,together with the variation in resource diversity and intra-specific competition,are in agreement with the distinct preferences model of *** findings suggest that in the focal prey–predator systems,individuals were able to perceive changes in prey diversity and to exploit in different ways the variations in composition of available resources,shifting their diet assembly rules *** findings also confirm that the use of weighted individual-resource networks,in prey–predator systems,allows to disclose dynamics that are masked at the species or population level.

关键词： inter-individual resource variation network-analysis optimal diet theory prey availability salamanders

Fishery Biology of Jumbo Flying squid Dosidicus gigas off costa Rica Dome

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第3期13卷 485-490页

作者： CHEN Xinjun LI Jianghua LIU Bilin LI Gang lu Huajie College of Marine sciences Shanghai Ocean University National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center Shanghai Ocean University Key Laboratory of sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources of Ministry of Education of China Shanghai Ocean University

The jumbo flying squid(Dosidicus gigas) population was surveyed with the help of Chinese squid jigging vessels off the costa Rica Dome(4°–11°N, 90°–100°W) in 2009 and 2010. The daily catch of D. gigas in the two survey cruises ranged from 0 to 5.5 t and was mostly obtained from the areas bounded by 6°–9°N and 91°–94°W and by 6°30′–7°30′N and 96°–97°W. The sea surface temperature in the areas yielding the most catch ranged from 27.5 to 29℃. The sex ratio of the total catch was 3.75:1(female: male). The mantle length of the squid ranged from 211 to 355 mm(male) and from 204 to 429 mm(female) with an average of 297.9 and 306.7 mm, respectively. In the relationship of the mantle length(mm) and body weight(g) of the squid, there was no significant difference between sexes. The female and male were at a similar maturity, and most individuals are maturing or have matured with a few females being spent. The size(mantle length) and age at the first sexual maturity were 297 mm and 195 d in females, and less than 211 mm and 130 d in males, respectively. Most of the sampled stomachs(70.6%) had no food remains. The major preys of the squids were fish, cephalopods and crustaceans, with the most abundant Myctophum orientale and D. gigas. The preys in more than 65% of the non-empty sampled stomachs evidenced the cannibalism of D. gigas. The results improved current understanding of the fishery biology of D. gigas off the costa Rica Dome, which may facilitate the assessment and management of relative fishery resources.

关键词： Dosidicus gigas fishery biology costa Rica Dome

Management and outcomes of gastric volvulus in children: a systematic review

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第3期15卷 226-234页

作者： Karina Miura da costa Amulya K.saxena Department of Pediatric surgery Chelsea Children’s HospitalChelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation TrustImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Division of Pediatric surgery Department of Anatomy and SurgeryRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao Paulo.Ribeirao Pr&o.Brazil

Background Gastric volvulus (GV) in children is a rare *** study reviewed management and outcomes of GV in the pediatric *** MEDLINE/PubMed,Embase,and Google scholar databases were searched for studies in English regarding GV in patients s old between 2008 and 2017,selected by two *** were presented as percentages and ***'s exact test was used to evaluate categorical variables,and Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple *** Ninety-seven papers with 125 patients were *** median age was 24 months,with slightly female *** was the most common symptom and acute presentation occurred in the majority of *** of previous surgery/abdominal trauma was described in 12 and 3 children,*** was diagnostic for GV in most *** initial management was surgical in the majority of cases,with most of them including gastropexy,gastrostomy,or gastric *** GV was associated with acute presentation (P =0.004) and the latter with ischemia (P s occurred in 23 (18.9%) children,esophageal stenosis being the most *** were eight (6.4%) deaths,and only one recurrence 6 months after endoscopic *** median follow-up period was 12 *** inclusion of only case reports/case series,the incomplete reporting from papers,and the short followup were limitations of the *** GV occurs at a median age of 24 months and requires high suspicion and prompt management,as mortality is *** preferred surgical approach for GV includes variations of *** stenosis is the most common morbidity post-GV management.

关键词： Gastrectomy Gastric volvulus Gastropexy Gastrostomy Volvulus

Presence of Multidrug-Resistant E. coli, Enterococcusspp. and salmonellaspp. in Lakes and Fountains of Porto, Portugal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第11期5卷 1117-1126页

作者： Carlos E. Flores luís Loureiro lucinda J. Bessa Paulo Martins da costa 1ICBAs-Abel salazar Biomedical sciences Institute University of Porto Porto Portugal 2CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Porto Portugal 1ICBAs-Abel salazar Biomedical sciences Institute University of Porto Porto Portugal 2Faculty of Sciences (FCUP) University of Porto Porto Portugal CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Porto Portugal Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans USA

Urban lakes and fountains provide recreational activities that could facilitate the contact between humans, animals and biological agents. The objective of this work was to assess the water quality and safety of 17 lakes and 13 fountains in the city of Porto (Portugal), by detecting the presence of Escherichia coli, enterococci and salmonella spp., and analyzing their antimicrobial resistance. (For more information,please refer to the pdf.)

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Enterococcus spp. Escherichia coli salmonella spp. Fountains Lakes

Risk Governance,Assessment,and Economic Impacts

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2017年第3期8卷 235-236页

作者： Paula Teves.costa JoséManuel Mendes Instituto Dom luiz Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa European Center on Urban Risks (CERU) Center for social studies Faculty of Economics University of Coimbra

Due to climate change,growing urbanization,and population migration the social and economic impacts of natural hazards have been increasing *** challenge for risk science,both methodologically and conceptually,is to i... 详细信息

关键词： Risk Governance,Assessment,and Economic Impacts

Computational Analysis of Physicochemical, Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Properties of Deoxyhypusine synthase Inhibitors with Antimalarial Activity

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Computational Molecular Bioscience 2014年第4期4卷 47-57页

作者： Nayara s.R.silva luana K.s.Goncalves Jonatas L.Duarte Juliane s.silva César F.santos Francinaldo s.Braga Raí C.silva Josivan s.costa Lorane I.s.Hage-Melim Cleydson B.Rdos santos Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry Federal University of AmapáCampus Universitário Marco ZeroMacapáBrazil Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical sciences Federal University of AmapáMacapáBrazil

Malaria is a parasitic disease which has as etiological agents protozoa of the genus Plasmodium prevalent in tropical countries. The appearance of Plasmodium strains resistant to artemisinin has become necessary the development of new drugs using computational tools to combat this epidemic. Diverse transporter proteins can act as antimalarials targets, thereby being the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase a promising antimalarial target. The present study aimed to investigate 15 most active inhibitors of deoxyhypusine synthase target, deposited in databases Binding DB, in order to trace a pattern of physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of the inhibitors for this enzyme and propose new inhibitors of deoxyhypusine synthase target. The physicochemical properties were obtained according to the Lipinski parameters to evaluate oral absorption. Based on the certain properties were proposed three new inhibitors (A, B and C). The ADME/Tox properties were calculated for new inhibitors compared with results of the selected compounds. The fifteen inhibitors for oral administration showed satisfactory results, because they have adapted to the Lipinski parameters. In relation to the penetration of the blood-brain barrier the inhibitors analyzed showed penetration values less than 1, and ranged from 0.0411815 to 0.481764, being that the compound 1 showed value of CBrain/CBlood = 0.135467. Compound B showed a higher strength in plasma protein binding in relation to the compound 1, having a variation be-tween them of ±1.489344. Therefore, the compound B would present a longer halflife compared with compound 1. The proposed compounds showed positive and satisfactory results, being able to reach less adverse effects related to the central nervous system depending of administered dose.

关键词： Antimalarial Activity Deoxyhypusine synthase Inhibitors Physicochemical Property Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Properties

Cognitive training in neurodegenerative diseases: a way to boost neuroprotective molecules?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1754-1755页

作者： Francesco Angelucci Carlo Caltagirone Alberto costa IRCCs santa lucia Foundation Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology Department of systemic Medicine Rome University Tor Vergata Niccolò Cusano University

Neurotrophins,and growth factors in general,are proteins which exert many actions in central nervous system *** promote the survival and neuronal function of neurons and exert neuroprotective effects in pathological models of neurodegenerative *** humans several clinical trials based on the use of these proteins have been carried out. Among them, it is worth to mention gene ther- apy especially in Parkinson＇s disease （PD）（Kordower and Bjorklund, 2013）, and a series of experiments using vectors capable of carrying neurotrophins in the selected target re- gion where they can exert their beneficial action （Ghosh et al., 2014）.

关键词： BDNF a way to boost neuroprotective molecules Cognitive training in neurodegenerative diseases