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Surface ligand-promoted heterogeneous CO_(2) catalysis

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 444-457页

作者： Zhe lu lu Wang School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenShenzhen 518172China

Heterogeneous CO_(2) catalysis towards the synthesis of high-value products provides a potent pathway for achieving carbon *** distinctive attributes of surface ligands allow for highly effective tuning of the kinetics and mechanisms to enhance CO_(2) conversion *** this review,the catalytic contributions of surface ligands from the view of structure modulation,mechanism modulation,mass transfer,and energy transfer were *** relationships between surface ligands and the performance of functionalized catalysts were further ***,the applications of hydrocarbon chain spacer,hydroxyl and amino as terminal,and SiOx ligand in thermal,photo,and photothermal CO_(2) conversion were *** examining the current limitations and advancements,we concluded with insights into potential future research directions that focus on the development of precisely tuned active sites for highly efficient CO_(2) conversion.

关键词： heterogeneous catalysis CO_(2) conversion surface ligands

Synthesis of ordered mesoporous crystalline boron phosphate scaffold with double diamond surface structure

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 590-600页

作者： Chao Wang Wen-Duo lu Jiao Wang Shunai Che An-Hui lu lu Han School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon ResourcesSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesState Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Ordered mesoporous materials have received great attention due to their well-defined pore structures and potential applications in catalysis,adsorption,separation,drug delivery,*** various compositions of mesoporous solids have been successfully prepared,the preparation of crystalline non-metallic oxyacid salts with ordered mesoporosity remains a major ***,we report the synthesis of a mesoporous solid acid crystalline boron phosphate(BPO_(4))catalyst with a bicontinuous shifted double diamond(SDD)hyperbolic surface *** BPO_(4) scaffold was obtained by synergistic selfassembly in a mixed solvent of water and tetrahydrofuran using the diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene as template and phosphoric acid and orthoboric acid as inorganic *** structure consists of two sets of diamond networks adjacent to each other with a mesostructural scale tetragonal symmetry(space group I4_(1)/amd)with unit cell parameters of a=80 nm and c=113 nm,which affords the scaffold a specific surface area of 44 m^(2)/*** a solid acid catalytic material,the SDD BPO_(4) scaffold exhibited excellent catalytic activity at room temperature with a conversion of furfural to 2-(dimethoxymethyl)furan over 70%and can be reused after recovery without serious loss of *** the propane oxidative dehydrogenation reaction,SDD BPO_(4) demonstrated high olefin productivity and selectivity while maintaining high reaction *** study provides ideas for the preparation of ordered mesoporous crystalline catalytic materials and demonstrates their potential for practical applications.

关键词： boron phosphate mesoporous material self-assembly block copolymer catalyst

The P_(5)-saturation Game

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2025年第1期41卷 295-304页

作者： Zhen HE Mei lu School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Let F,G and H be three graphs with G■*** call G an F-saturated graph relative to H,if there is no copy of F in G but there is a copy of F in G+e for any e∈E(H)\E(G).The F-saturation game on host graph H consists of two players,named Max and Min,who alternately add edges of H to G such that each chosen edge avoids creating a copy of F in G,and the players continue to choose edges until G becomes F-saturated relative to *** wishes to maximize the length of the game,while Min wishes to minimize the *** sat_(g)(F,H)(***_(g)'(F,H))denote the number of edges chosen when Max(*** Min)starts the game and both players play *** this article,we show that sat_(g)(P_(5),K_(n))=sat_(g)'(P_(5),K_(n))=n+2 for n≥15,and satg(P_(5),K_(m,n)),sat_(g)'(P_(5),K_(m,n))lie in{m+n-[m+2/4];m+n-[m-3/4]}if n≥5/2m and m≥4,respectively.

关键词： saturation number saturation game host graph

An embedded electron current layer observed at the edge of the plasma sheet in the Earth’s magnetotail

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 148-158页

作者： ChenChen Zhan RongSheng Wang QuanMing lu San lu XinMin Li Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Anhui Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center of Astronautical Science and Technology Harbin 150001China

The formation of an embedded electron current sheet within the magnetotail plasma sheet has been poorly *** this article,we present an electron current layer detected at the edge of the magnetotail plasma *** ions were demagnetized inside the electron current layer,but the electrons were still frozen in with the magnetic field ***,this decoupling of ions and electrons gave rise to a strong Hall electric field,which could be the reason for the formation of the embedded thin current *** magnetized electrons,the absence of the nongyrotropic electron distribution,and negligible energy dissipation in the layer indicate that magnetic reconnection had not been triggered within the embedded thin current *** highly asymmetric plasma on the two sides of the current layer and low magnetic shear across it could suppress magnetic *** observations indicate that the embedded electric current layer,probably generated by the Hall electric field,even down to electron scale,is not a sufficient condition for magnetic reconnection.

关键词： magnetotail plasma sheet magnetic reconnection

Understanding the local structure and thermophysical behavior of Mg-La liquid alloys via machine learning potential

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 439-449页

作者： Jia Zhao Taixi Feng Guimin lu National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Joint International Laboratory for Potassium and Lithium Strategic Resources East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

The local structure and thermophysical behavior of Mg-La liquid alloys were in-depth understood using deep potential molecular dynamic(DPMD) simulation driven via machine learning to promote the development of Mg-La alloys. The robustness of the trained deep potential(DP) model was thoroughly evaluated through several aspects, including root-mean-square errors(RMSEs), energy and force data, and structural information comparison results;the results indicate the carefully trained DP model is reliable. The component and temperature dependence of the local structure in the Mg-La liquid alloy was analyzed. The effect of Mg content in the system on the first coordination shell of the atomic pairs is the same as that of temperature. The pre-peak demonstrated in the structure factor indicates the presence of a medium-range ordered structure in the Mg-La liquid alloy, which is particularly pronounced in the 80at% Mg system and disappears at elevated temperatures. The density, self-diffusion coefficient, and shear viscosity for the Mg-La liquid alloy were predicted via DPMD simulation, the evolution patterns with Mg content and temperature were subsequently discussed, and a database was established accordingly. Finally, the mixing enthalpy and elemental activity of the Mg-La liquid alloy at 1200 K were reliably evaluated,which provides new guidance for related studies.

关键词： magnesium-lanthanum liquid alloys local structure macroscopic properties thermodynamic behavior deep potential mo-lecular dynamic simulation

Pyrrolic nitrogen coordinated Ni^(2+) dual-atom catalyst for boosting CO_(2) electroreduction

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 570-579页

作者： Zhi-Wei Chen Hong-Juan Wang Chang Liu Xiu-Li lu Tong-Bu lu MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have been widely used for the constructions of single-atom catalysts,while the effect of different species of doped nitrogen on the catalytic activity of CO_(2) electroreduction has rarely been *** we found that pyrrolic-N coordinated Ni2+catalysts display much higher electrocatalytic CO_(2)-to-CO activity and selectivity than the corresponding pyridinic-N coordinated low valent Ni^((0–+2))catalysts,and pyrrolic-N coordinated Ni2 dual-atoms catalyst of Ni2/N-CNTs exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance,with over 90%Faradaic efficiencies in a broad potentials from−0.6 to−1.2 V *** hydrogen electrode,as well as an outstanding CO specific current of 56.2 A/mgNi and high turnover frequency of 6.2×10^(4) h^(−1),over 7-times higher than those of pyridinic-N coordinated Ni *** results indicate the weak electron-donor nature of pyrrolic-N facilitates the generation of a reduced active site at low overpotential for boosting CO_(2) *** functional theory calculations reveal that the reaction free energy for the*COOH formation on pyrrolic-N coordinated Ni catalysts are lower than those on pyridinic-N coordinated Ni catalysts,and a H_(2)Oadsorbed Ni_(2)/N-CNTs displays the optimized reaction free energy for both*COOH formation and CO desorption,which derive the best catalytic performance.

关键词： dual-atom catalyst CO_(2) electroreduction synergistic catalysis pyrrolic-N pyridinic-N

In-situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy for two-dimensional energy materials

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 414-429页

作者： Junyu Zhang Liangping Xiao Mi lu School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiamen University of TechnologyXiamen 361024China Instrumental Analysis Center Laboratory and Equipment Management DepartmentHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterFujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional MaterialsJiujiang Research InstituteXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Two-dimensional(2D)materials are vital for the development of advanced materials in the next-generation energy conversion and storage ***-situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy(LP-TEM)acts as a powerful tool for characterizing the dynamic evolution of materials under work condition in real time and in ***,this mini-review highlights the considerable advances in the utilization of in-situ LP-TEM for studying the physical and chemical process dynamics of 2D materials,such as their nucleation growth and phase *** electrocatalytic water splitting reactions and CO_(2) electroreduction of 2D energy materials are *** underlying electrochemical reaction mechanisms of the 2D electrode materials in rechargeable batteries are discussed and ***,the current challenges and perspectives for future research are *** min-review aims to inspire and stimulate further innovation and encourage the broader adoption of LP-TEM in exploring the fascinating dynamics of 2D energy materials.

关键词： two-dimensional(2D)materials liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy electrochemical reaction electrode materials

Development of Gravity Theories in the View of TRAPPIST-1e

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第1期25卷 143-161页

作者： Nan Wang lu-Yao lu Hui-Gen Liu An-Dong Chen Tiger lu Ao-Ran Cui Jun-Kai Wang Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean University Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Ministry of Education Zhoushan Astronomical Society School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Department of Astronomy Yale University Kuang Yaming Honors School Nanjing University School of Physics Nanjing University

Contrary to the solar system, most exoplanet systems detected hitherto are close-in and compact. One typical system is TRAPPIST-1, which has seven nearly co-planar terrestrial planets all within the orbit of Mercury,including three in the habitable zone. To evaluate the differences in developing sophisticated gravity theories from the solar system, we use N-body integrations to simulate ephemeris and reproduce some important astronomy phenomena observed on the potentially habitable planet TRAPPIST-1e. Retrograde motions of other planets last1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than in the solar system, but occur much more frequently. Transit events of all inner planets can be observed steadily. Except for Kepler's first law, which is hard to notice for low eccentricities of planets, the other two laws can then be precisely verified in 102days, because the areas swept by planets vary by?0.01% and the observed semimajor axes and periods result in constants with theoretical and observation accuracies both ?2%. However, the mean motion correlation implies that the Great Inequality is not always apparent between one pair of planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Furthermore, general relativity can hardly be discovered because it gives rise to perihelion precession of inner planets only ～0.1% of gravity precession, dozens of times smaller than Mercury. Our results support the possibility of developing part of gravity theories by potential exo-civilizations in compact systems like TRAPPIST-1.

关键词： ephemerides extraterrestrial intelligence gravitation planets and satellites: terrestrial planets

Analyzing carbon emissions and influencing factors in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration counties

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 640-651页

作者： Zhang Heng lu Wenfu Peng Lindan Zhang Key Laboratory of the Evaluation and Monitoring of Southwest Land Resources(Ministry of Education) Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China The Institute of Geography and Resources Science Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China

Majority of carbon emissions originate from fossil energy consumption,thus necessitating calculation and monitoring of carbon emissions from energy *** this study,we utilized energy consumption data from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality for the years 2000 to 2019 to estimate their statistical carbon *** then employed nighttime light data to downscale and infer the spatial distribution of carbon emissions at the county level within the Chengdu-Chongqing urban ***,we analyzed the spatial pattern of carbon emissions at the county level using the coefficient of variation and spatial autocorrelation,and we used the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression(GTWR)model to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions at this *** results of this study are as follows:(1)from 2000 to 2019,the overall carbon emissions in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration showed an increasing trend followed by a decrease,with an average annual growth rate of 4.24%.However,in recent years,it has stabilized,and 2012 was the peak year for carbon emissions in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration;(2)carbon emissions exhibited significant spatial clustering,with high-high clustering observed in the core urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing and low-low clustering in the southern counties of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration;(3)factors such as GDP,population(Pop),urbanization rate(Ur),and industrialization structure(Ic)all showed a significant influence on carbon emissions;(4)the spatial heterogeneity of each influencing factor was evident.

关键词： Carbon emissions Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration Spatial autocorrelation Geographically and temporally weighted regression