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Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Metal Removal from Contaminated Aqueous Solutions by Solid Bidentate Ligands&Liquid Plant Materials

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第2期13卷 45-49页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Talajai Sardin Christopher Alisa Chemistry Department Dillard UniversityNew OrleansLA 70122USA Biology Department Dillard UniversityNew OrleansLA 70122USA Chemistry Department Federal University of Technology OwerriPMB 1526OwerriNigeria

Heavy metal contaminated water sources pose serious health risks for humans,animals,and *** to and ingestion of heavy metals have been associated to liver,kidney,and brain ***:The aim of this research is to comparatively examine the metal removal efficacy of three solid bidentate chemicals and four plant *** Design&Methods:Standard solutions of zinc(II)and lead(II)ions with concentrations of 1,000 ppm were respectively treated with OA(Oxalic Acid),dibasic bidentate ligands(sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium carbonate).Then,the solutions were placed on a shaker for 15 h,centrifuged,and the supernatant was analyzed using ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry).Results:All the solid bidentate adsorbents were very effective in removing zinc and lead(>90%).However,more lead than zinc was removed across all adsorbents except for lemon where equal percent of zinc and lead(49%)were *** and Na2HPO4 removed about equal amount of lead(>99%).The plant materials(SP(Spinach),bell pepper and GBP(Green Bell Pepper)),respectively and preferentially removed more lead(98.9%,98.3%,81.5%)than zinc(91.7%,46%,46%).Conclusion:Although plant materials have gained attraction for the remediation of heavy metal,however,some bidentate chemical ligands such as OA,sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen phosphates are even more effective in removing these metals from contaminated ***,heavier metals are preferentially removed than lighter metals.

关键词： Organic acids OA remediation chelation ligands heavy metal contamination

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Evaluation of Some Selected Metals in Rice Cultivated in Four Local Government Areas in Enugu State, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第11期11卷 141-150页

作者： Christopher O. Alisa Samuel C. Nwobodo Edith N. Alisa Peter C. Okeke Ali Bilar Jailen Doyle lovell agwaramgbo Department of Chemistry Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Opec Research Consult Awka Nigeria Chemistry Department Dillard University New Orleans Louisiana USA

In this study, we investigated the presence of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Ca in rice cultivated in four local government areas (Nkanu East, Aninri, Uzo Uwani, Isi Uzo) within Enugu state, Nigeria. We employed an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with an air acetylene flame to analyze these metals after digesting the rice samples. Risk assessment studies were carried out to determine any potential health risk to consumers by evaluating the estimated daily intake (EDI), the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). The average concentration (mg/kg) of trace metals in the rice samples was within the acceptable limits established by FAO/WHO. Specifically, Zn ranged from 0.265 to 0.632 mg/kg, Fe from 2.73 to 4.131 mg/kg, Cu from 0.205 to 4.131 mg/kg, and Ca from 9.718 to 12.150 mg/kg. There were no statistically significant differences in metal concentrations among the various locations. Consequently, the rice analyzed in this study can be considered safe for consumption. The calculated EDI (mg/kg-day) values were below the maximum tolerable daily intake thresholds. THQ values also fell within safe levels, and the HI values were less than 1, signifying no potential health risks associated with consuming rice from these locations. In conclusion, there is no significant non-carcinogenic health risk associated with exposure to trace metals through the consumption of rice from these areas.

关键词： Trace Metals Rice Risk Assessment Target Hazard Quotient Hazard Index Enugu

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Lead Remediation of Contaminated Water by Charcoal, LA Red Clay, Spinach, and Mustard Green

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第9期2卷 1240-1244页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Eucharia agwaramgbo Chanel Mercadel Shelby Edwards Eric Buckles 不详

Lead is a toxic and naturally occurring substance with documented neurotoxin, toxic, and long-lasting adverse health effects globally. Lead exposure can cause impaired physical and mental development in children. Exposure to high lead levels affects the intestinal tract, kidneys, joints and reproductive system in adults. This study evaluates the removal of 1500 PPM of lead from contaminated aqueous solution using Celite, Louisiana Red Clay, Charcoal, and supernatants from aqueous extracts of Mustard Green (Brassica juncea), and Spinach (Spinacea oleracea). After shaking triplicate reaction mixtures for each substrate for 22 hours at room temperature, lead removal by the five substrates were analyzed by EPA Method 6010, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results suggest that the order of lead removal is Spinach (98%) > Charcoal (96%) > LA Red Clay (88%) > Mustard Green (87%) > Celite (4%). The study concludes that liquid substrates such as the supernatants from pureed spinach and mustard green can effectively remove lead from contaminated water.

关键词： Remediation Heavy Metal Lead Water Contamination Spinach Contaminated Water

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Comparative Evaluation of Calcium, Magnesium, Copper and Zinc Removal by Wood Ash, Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第7期12卷 454-461页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Jailen Doyle Corneisja Harrison Honour Williams Chemistry Department Dillard University New Orleans USA

Remediation via adsorption process has been proven to be one of the best water treatment technologies globally. Many adsorbents, including agricultural wastes, have been considered for the removal of a variety of pollutants from water. However, most of the studies reported in the literature used metal concentrations below 1000 ppm. It is also known that initial metal concentrations in polluted aqueous solutions, as well as metal and adsorbent type, are some of the factors that affect metal removal. Therefore, this project examined the remediation of water contaminated by 1000 ppm of lead, zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium ions using wood ash, sodium hydrogen phosphate (dibasic), and sodium carbonate (dibasic). Comparative analysis of the results showed the order of order of metal removal by the adsorbents as: dibasic phosphate (Ca > Cu > Pb > Zn > Mg);dibasic Carbonate (Pb ~ Ca > Zn > Cu > Mg);Wood ash (Mg > Cu > Zn > Pb > Ca). These results suggest that metal and adsorbent type as well as the inherent chemical properties of these metal cations may contribute to the varying binding affinity of the metals to the adsorbent ligand(s) and thus, affect the extent of metal removal. It is equally worthy to note that wood ash more effectively removed hardness metals (Mg and Ca) from water than the inorganic phosphate and carbonate ions.

关键词： Phytoremediation Metal Adsorption Water Hardness Heavy Metal Contamination

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Biosorption and Chemical Precipitation of Lead Using Biomaterials, Molecular Sieves, and Chlorides, Carbonates, and Sulfates of Na &Ca

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第11期4卷 1251-1257页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Nancy Magee ShaKayla Nunez Kayla Mitt Chemistry Department School of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Dillard University New Orleans USA.

Lead, a heavy metal, is a well known contaminant in water and has been reported to cause serious health implications to humans, animals, and plants. One of the processes for heavy metal remediation of contaminated water is chemical precipitation. In this present work, chemical precipitation of lead from a contaminated aqueous matrix by chlorides, carbonates, and sulfates of sodium and calcium was compared to lead removal by molecular sieves and biomaterials (fishbone, grape and spinach). The order of lead removal from 1400 ppm of lead solution is sodium chloride (31%) < calcium chloride (62%) burnt grape (83%) < charred spinach (92.3%) < sodium phosphate (95.8%) < sodium carbonate (97%) < molecular sieve sphere (98.7%) < sodium sulfate (99.3%) s ground (99.71%) < fishbone (99.87%)

关键词： Heavy Metals Chemisorption Biochar Fishbone Molecular Sieves Bioremediation Precipitation

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Comparative Study of Lead Removal by Extracts of Spinach, Coffee, and Tea

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第3期4卷 250-257页

作者： Nichole Lathan Shelby Edwards Charne Thomas lovell agwaramgbo Chemistry Department Dillard University New Orleans USA.

The use of tea and coffee for the removal of heavy metal from aqueous lead solutions has been reported. However, those studies were limited to expended dry biomass of coffee and tea and the lead concentration in those studies range from 10 - 100 ppm of aqueous lead solution. This study compared the effectiveness of aqueous extracts of instant coffee (IC), coffee ground (CG), coffee bean (CB), Lipton tea (Tea), and spinach puree (SP) in removing lead from 1300 PPM of aqueous lead solution. After 24 hr of agitation at room temperature followed by centrifugation, the lead concentration (in ppm) in the liquid from each reaction tube was analyzed using EPA Method 6010 (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)). The results suggest that the order of lead removal was Spinach (99%) > Instant coffee (95%) >Tea (91%), > CG (62%) > CB (59%). In comparing the brewed versus the boiled extracts, the results demonstrated that temperature of the aqueous extract affected the lead removal potential of coffee and tea in decreasing order: IC (95%:79%), > Tea (91%:88%) > CG (62%:53%) > CB (59%:53%).

关键词： Heavy Metals Tea Coffee Lead Remediation Water Contamination Phytoremediation

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Assessing Lead Removal from Contaminated Water Using Solid Biomaterials: Charcoal, Coffee, Tea, Fishbone, and Caffeine

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第7期4卷 741-745页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Nichole Lathan Shelby Edwards ShaKayla Nunez Chemistry Department Dillard University New Orleans USA.

Previous research has documented that solid biomaterials such as charcoal or waste coffee and tea have been used to remove heavy metals from contaminated aqueous solutions through adsorption. However, these studies used very low heavy metal concentrations between 10 to 100 ppm. Recently published research work reported that extracts of edible plants and fruits were able to effectively remove lead from contaminated aqueous solution. This paper evaluates the ability of charcoal, un-brewed coffee and tea, fishbone, and caffeine to remove lead from contaminated aqueous solutions. The order of lead removal from 1300 ppm of lead solution is Charcoal (100%) > Tea (97%) > Coffee Ground (88%) > Instant Coffee (83.5%) > Coffee Bean (82%) > Fishbone (76%) > Caffeine (1.3%). These results clearly demonstrate that not all solid biomaterials can adsorb lead and that caffeine, a component of coffee and tea does not participate in the removal of lead from contaminated solutions. Furthermore, the results suggest that two possible processes may be involved in the reactions presented here: adsorption of lead by the solid substrates and precipitation of lead by the solubilized biochemical components of the substrates.

关键词： Heavy Metals Chemisorptions Coffee Lead Fishbone Phytoremediation

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An Evaluation of Edible Plant Extracts for the Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Water

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第8期3卷 722-730页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Charne Thomas Chardai GrayS Jessica Small Tajeve Young Chemistry Department Dillard University New Orleans USA

There is a growing global concern for the environmental and health hazards posed by heavy metal contaminants, especially lead in the soil and ground water. The potential for plant and animal uptake, metabolism, and propagation into food-chain poses great health risks. World communities face a common need to a cheap, efficient, and effective technology to mitigate the growing problem of heavy metal contaminations. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the potential of using aqueous extracts of edible vegetables and fruits for the in-situ remediation of lead contaminated water (1300 PPM). The plants used in this study include Mustard Green (Brassica juncea), Spinach (Spinacea oleracea), Collard Green (Brassica Oleracea), Bitter leaf (Vernonia Amygdalina), Carrot (Daucus Carota Sativus), Red, Green, and Yellow Bell Pepper (Capsicum Annuum ), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), red and white grape (Vitis vinifera), and lime (Citrus aurantifolia). After shaking triplicate reaction mixtures lead contaminated water with each substrate for 22 hours at room temperature, lead removal by the substrates were analyzed by EPA Method 6010, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results suggest that the order of lead removal is Collard Green (99.8%) >, Spinach (98.7%) > Mustard Green (98.2%) > Green Bell Pepper (97.8%) > Yellow Bell Pepper (97.75%) > White Grape (96.7%)> Carrot (95.5%) > Red Bell Pepper (94.28%) > Red Grape > 93.5% > Tomatoes (84%) > Bitter Leaf (61%). The study concludes that liquid substrates such as the supernatants from pureed edible tuberous, leafy, and fruity vegetables can effectively remove lead from contaminated water.

关键词： Heavy Metals Bioremediation Lead Remediation Water Contamination Phytoremediation

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Examining Adsorbent Charge Effect on Metal Removal from Contaminated Water

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2022年第6期11卷 201-205页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Christopher O.Alisa Jailen Doyle Department of Chemistry Dillard UniversityNew OrleansLouisiana 70131USA Department of Chemistry Federal University of TechnologyOwerri PMB 1526Imo StateNigeria

Heavy metal contaminated water sources can cause serious health problems for humans,animals,and *** metals can lead to the decrease or loss of liver,kidney,and brain ***:The aim of this research is to examine the effect of charge on adsorbents in the removal of metal *** Design&Methods:Standard solutions of Ca,Cu,Pb,and Zn with concentrations of 1,000 ppm were treated with sodium carbonate and sodium phosphate with various ***,the solutions were placed on a shaker for 24 h,centrifuged,and the supernatant was analyzed using ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry).Results:The order of average metal removal by sodium phosphates is:dibasic(99.3%)>monobasic(96.5%)>tribasic(95.4%).The average metal removal by sodium carbonate and bicarbonate is 98.5% and 96.4% ***:The adsorbent removability depends on the relationship between the charge present on the metal and the charge on the ***,metal cations in this study with a+2 charge had a greater affinity for the adsorbent with-2 charged ligands,dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium carbonate.

关键词： Charge effect environmental chemistry ion exchange metals solubility contaminated water

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Edible Plants:The Magic Wand for Inhibition of Oxidation of Organic Compounds,Remediators of TNT and Adsorbents for Heavy Metals

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2023年第2期12卷 68-76页

作者： lovell agwaramgbo Protiti Khan Jailen Doyle Christopher O.Alisa Kendall Wise Chemistry Department Dillard University New OrleansLouisiana 70127USA University of Manitoba WinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada Federal University of Technology OwerriNigeria

Phytoremediation is a viable,effective,and economically attractive technology that uses plants to remove chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater.A major munitions contaminant,TNT(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)can be remediated by several plants such as Myriophyllum aquaticum(Parrot Feather),and Catharanthus *** study focuses on screening plants that have natural antioxidant phytochemicals for their ability to remediate TNT,and heavy metals from contaminated water sources,groundwater and *** kinds of bell peppers,Capsicum frutescens(green,red,and yellow),which contain both the antioxidant phytochemicals(carotene and vitamin C)and tomato,which also contains vitamin C,were tested to confirm their antioxidizing and remediation abilities *** for remediation abilities were analyzed by HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).Results also suggested that plants which had antioxidant properties were also able to remediate TNT and heavy metals effectively,thereby suggesting a possible correlation between antioxidant and phytoremediation abilities of the plants studied.

关键词： Phytoremediation antioxidation heavy metal remediation TNT remediation.

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