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Fire temperature and residence time during dry season burning in a Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa with implication for seed germination

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第4期21卷 445-450,522,523页

作者： Sidzabda Djibril Dayamba Patrice Savadogo Didier Zida louis sawadogo Daniel Tiveau Per Christer Oden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest SciencesSouthern Swedish Forest Research CentreTropical Silviculture and Seed Laboratory PO Box 49 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières BP 10 Koudougou Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Regional Office for West Africa 06

Prescribed fire is used in the Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa as a forest management tool. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of season of burning, and different vertical probe positions on maximum fire temperature and temperature residence time above 60℃ which is considered lethal for plant tissues. Seasons of burning considered were： an early season fire set at the beginning of the dry season （beginning of December）, mid-season fire set at the peak of the dry season （mid-January）, and a late season fire at the end of the dry season （end of March）. The effects of these fires on the germination of buried seeds of three socio-economically valuable tree species were also examined. Results indicated significant differences in maximum fire temperature and residence time with respect to season of burning and vertical probe position （p 〈 0.001）. The highest and longest lasting temperatures were observed at 20 cm above ground during early fire and at the soil surface during mid-season and late fires. This, in turn, affected germination responses of seeds buried at different soil depths. Implications of these findings in the current management practices are discussed.

关键词： Burkina Faso fire season regeneration Savanna-woodland tropical ecosystem

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Allometric prediction of above-ground biomass of eleven woody tree species in the Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第4期21卷 475-481,524页

作者： louis sawadogo Patrice Savadogo Daniel Tiveau Sidzabda Djibril Dayamba Didier Zida Yves Nouvellet Per Christer Oden Sita Guinko Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Département Productions Forestières Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest SciencesSouthern Swedish Forest Research Centre Ambassade de Suède 93Avenue Roi BaudouinKinshasa-GombeRépublique Démocratique du Congo Consulat Général de France à Pointe Noire (Congo) Valise Diplomatique 128 bis rue de l'Université 75351 Paris 07 SP France Université de Ouagadougou Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre

Allometric models are necessary for estimating biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Generalized allometric relationship exists for many tropical trees, but species- and region-specific models are often lacking. We developed species-specific allometric models to predict aboveground biomass for 11 native tree species of the Sudanian savanna- woodlands. Diameters at the base and at breast height, with species means ranging respectively from 11 to 28 cm and 9 to 19 cm, and the height of the trees were used as predictor variables. Sampled trees spanned a wide range of sizes including the largest sizes these species can reach. As a response variable, the biomass of the trees was obtained through destructive sampling of 4 754 trees during wood harvesting. We used a stepwise multiple regression analysis with backward elimination procedure to develop models separately predicting, total biomass of the trees, stem biomass, and biomass of branches and twigs. All species- specific regression models relating biomass with measured tree dimen- sions were highly significant （p 〈 0.001）. The biomass of branches and twigs was less predictable compared to stem biomass and total biomass, although their models required fewer predictors and predictor interac- tions. The best-fit equations for total above-ground biomass and stem biomass bad R2 〉 0.70, except for the Acacia species; for branches including twig biomass, R2-values varied from 0.749 for Anogeissus leiocarpa to 0.183 for Acacia macrostachya. The use of these equations in estimating available biomass will avoid destructive sampling, and aid in planning for sustainable use of these species.

关键词： allometry above-ground biomass indigenous woody species linear regression site specific equation

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Rainfall and Temperature Variations over Burkina Faso: Possible Influence of Geomagnetic Activity, Solar Activity and Associated Energies from 1975 to 2020

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 603-612页

作者： Yacouba sawadogo Somaïla Koala Jean louis Zerbo Laboratoire de Matériaux d’Héliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E) Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

This study investigates climatic parameters (rainfall, and temperature) over Burkina Faso and the possible role of solar activity and its induced energies. Through morphological investigations, we analyzed solar activity indices (sunspot number, IMF, PC index, Cosmic rays) over the last three solar cycles (1975-2020). Results about interplanetary heating show that joule heating is well correlated with the dynamic pressure of the solar plasma. Climate parameters (rainfall, Temperature) variabilities are modulated by disturbances in solar activity: 1) quiet solar characterized by a drop in solar plasma’s parameters is associated with important cloud cover and consequently bring important rainfall which chills terrestrial atmosphere, 2) active solar characterized by important input energy is associated with weak incident cosmic ray consequently with low cloudiness which brings warming. Thus, the possible natural link can be suggested between solar activity and climatic parameters even if it is not the only factor of global warming.

关键词： Temperature Rainfall Solar Activity Geomagnetic Activity Climate Burkina Faso

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Seasonal Variations of Solar Wind Parameters during Solar Cycles 23 and 24

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第9期12卷 1527-1546页

作者： Somaïla Koala Yacouba sawadogo Jean louis Zerbo Laboratoire de Matériaux d’Héliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E) ED/ST Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

In this paper, we analyzed diurnal and annual seasonal variations of solar wind parameters such as interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), proton density (N), solar wind speed (V) and solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdym), during the solar cycles 23 and 24. Our study shows that strong geomagnetic disturbances are observed at the equinoxes during both solar cycles. The highest proton densities are observed at solstices during both solar cycles. The greatest solar wind speeds are observed at the equinoxes of solar cycle 23 and at the solstices of solar cycle 24. The highest solar wind dynamic pressures are observed at the solstices of both solar cycles. We also observed an asymmetrical evolution of the seasonal diurnal values of the solar wind parameters during the two cycles, except for the proton density. Our investigations also highlight the fact that the seasonal diurnal values of the solar wind parameters are significant at solar cycle 23 compared to solar cycle 24 characterized by a global weak in solar plasma conditions since the deep minimum that followed the solar cycle 23 leading to an absence of a persistent polar coronal hole. The drop observed in polar field and solar winds parameters during solar cycle 24 is reproduced on seasons (solstices and equinoxes). The solar cycle 23 and 24 appear to be two magnetically opposite solar cycles regardless the time scales.

关键词： Diurnal Seasonal Solar Winds Parameters Variation Solar Cycle

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Total Electron Content Diurnal and Seasonal Variations and Response to Solar Events at Koudougou Station in Burkina Faso

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第9期14卷 827-839页

作者： Yacouba sawadogo M’Bi Kaboré Somaïla Koala Arouna Mandé Jean louis Zerbo Laboratoire de Matériaux d’Héliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

In this paper, we studied the seasonal behavior of the total electron content (TEC) during a part of solar cycle 24 ascending, maximum and decreasing phases at Koudougou station (Latitude: 12°15'09"N Longitude: 2°21'45"W). Response of TEC to solar recurrent events is presented. The highest values of the TEC in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were recorded on March and October, while in 2013 they were recorded on April and November, corresponding to equinox months. This observation shows that TEC values at the equinoxes are higher than those of solstices. Moreover, the monthly TEC varies in phase with the sunspots number showing a linear dependence of the TEC on solar activity. The ionospheric electron contents are generally very low both before noon and during the night, but quite high at noon and after noon. This pattern of TEC variation is due to the fluctuation of incident solar radiation on the Earth’s equatorial ionosphere. During quiet periods, the number of free electrons generated is lower than that generated during recurrent periods, which shows a positive contribution of recurrent activity to the level of the TEC. Investigations have also highlighted a winter anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC behavior at Koudougou station.

关键词： Total Electron Content (TEC) Recurrent Activity Quiet Activity Seasonal Variation

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Distributions and Structure of the Solar Wind during Solar Cycles 23 and 24

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第9期14卷 813-826页

作者： Somaïla Koala Wendkouni Paulin Bere Yacouba sawadogo Issamaïl Ki Jean louis Zerbo Laboratoire de Matériaux d’Héliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

To observe the level of interaction between the solar wind and the geomagnetic activity, we analyzed the distribution of the solar wind speeds according to the different classes of geomagnetic activity and the different phases of solar activity. We found that, the magnetic quiet activity reccord 80% of the solar wind speeds V s observed 88% of solar wind speeds V > 450 km/s. The shock activity observes 82% of the solar wind speeds V > 450 km/s. About 70% of the solar wind speeds V > 450 km/s, are observed in the corotating activity class. The cloud shock activity and fluctuating activity classes observed respectively 37% and 55% of the wind speeds V > 450 km/s. Furthermore, slow solar winds are mainly observed at the minimum phase of each solar cycle;but exceptionally the solar maximum phase of solar cycle 24, records a significant rate of slow solar wind. Shock winds are mainly observed around the solar maximum and recurrent winds are mainly observed at the descending phase of the solar cycle. Corotating stable winds and moderate shock winds dominate respectively at the descending phase and at the maximum phase.

关键词： Solar Wind Solar Activity Geomagnetic Activity Solar Cycle

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Influence of Hemoglobin S Haplotypes on the Responses to Hydroxyurea Treatment in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Genetics 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Mireille Aye-Yayo Vincent Yapo Boidy Kouakou Missa louis Adjé Adia Eusèbe Adjambri Ebah Hermance Kassi Taïratou Kamagate Duni sawadogo Hematology Unit Central Laboratory of the Teaching Hospital of Yogoupon Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Hematology and Cell Biology Unit Laboratory of Biological Sciences Department of Pharmacy Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Molecular Biology Unit Center for Diagnostic and Research on AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases (CeDReS) Teaching Hospital of Treichville Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Clinical Hematology Unit Teaching Hospital of Yogoupon Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Background: In Côte d’Ivoire so far, the circulating haplotypes have been inferred on the phenotypic profiling of SCD patients. The impact of the circulating haplotypes on the use of Hydroxyurea has not been assessed yet. Therefore the objective of this study is to identify in Abidjan the HbS haplotypes that modulate HU treatment responses. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, children aged 5 to 15 years with SCD, and carrying the hemoglobin phenotypes SSFA2 and SFA2, were recruited into a HU treatment cohort. Various parameters on the haplotypes and the outcomes of the treatment were analyzed. Results: Thirty nine children with SCD were included. The phenotypic profile of the cohort was 86.6% of SSFA2 and 15.4% of SFA2. Three haplotypes were found, the Benin haplotype, the Senegal haplotype, and an atypical one. The participants belonged to three genotypes, Benin/atypical (64.1%), Benin/Senegal (33.3%) and Senegal/Senegal (2.6%). Overall, HU treatment was successful in all haplotypes with 12 out of 39 patients failing treatment after 12 months in the Benin haplotype group. The association between HU treatment success and the Benin haplotype was found in terms of the decrease in the number of white blood cells and the students missing class. Conclusion: The study revealed that inferring haplotype based on the phenotypic profile could be inaccurate. The proportion of atypical haplotype that were not previously described in Côte d’Ivoire was high. All the haplotypes seemed to be associated with HU treatment success but some patients with Benin haplotype did not respond well.

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Children Haplotype Hydroxyurea Côte d’Ivoire

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Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Bacteriocin like Inhibitory Substance (BLIS) from “Gappal”, a Dairy Product from Burkina Faso

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第4期9卷 343-358页

作者： Abel Tankoano Michel Bakar Diop Hagrétou sawadogo-Lingani Malick Mbengue Donatien Kaboré Yves Traoré Aly Savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquée (LaBIA) Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph Ki-Zerbo UFR/SVT Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Technologie Alimentaire Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique IRSAT Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Section de Technologies Agroalimentaires (T2A) Université Gaston Berger UFR S2ATA Saint-Louis Sénégal Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée et Génie Industriel Université Cheikh Anta Diop Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Dakar-Fann Sénégal

Indigenous fermented foods are known for their nutritional and functional properties but they are often spoiled by pathogenic bacteria that can constitute a food safety problem. “Gappal” is a no-thermal treat food based on millet dough and milk and its production conditions can constitute a food safety problem. The aim of this study was to screen and identify LAB producing Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances using a matrix similar to “Gappal”. The detection of potential BLIS was first performed using overlaid method after enrichment of samples in whey and millet dough. The isolates demonstrating inhibiting area were preselected, purified and tested for the presence of antibacterial properties using their neutralized cell-free culture supernatant and subsequently treated with catalase in combination with protease, pepsin or trypsin. The antimicrobial effect of two isolates (Gbf48 and Gbf50) after growth on MRS broth over 12 h at 30?C were active against E. faecalis ATCC 19433, M. luteus ATCC 49732, S. aureus ATCC 2523, L. monocytogenes, B. megaterium, B. sphaericus and B. cereus with an activity of 2560 AU/mL. The 16S RNA gene sequencing identification indicated that these isolates are Pediococcus acidilactici. Gbf 48 and Gbf 50 could be used to improve preservative factors for a controlled fermentation of non thermal treatment fermented food for their potential of acidification adds to BLIS production.

关键词： Bacteriocin Lactic Acid Bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici “Gappal” Burkina Faso

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Spatio-Temporal Trend and Geographic Disparity of Infertility Prevalence in Burkina Faso, 2011 to 2020

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1288-1302页

作者： Oumarou Nabi René Tokira Poubouré Yabré Pratibha Shrestha Aoua Sangaré Jérémie sawadogo Miézan Brigitte Aka Smaila Ouédraogo Min Lian Division of General Medical Sciences Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri United States of America Division of Public Health Department of Public Health CHU Yalagado Ouedraogo Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri United States of America Research Group on Communication Issues Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble France Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri United States of America

Background: Infertility affected 10% to 25% of couples globally, and about half of the infertility cases were reported in sub-Saharan Africa. Infertility poses significant social, cultural, and health challenges, particularly for women who often face stigmatization. However, comprehensive and nationally representative data, including prevalence, temporal trends, and risk factors, are lacking, prompting a study in Burkina Faso to address the need for informed policies and programs in infertility care and management. Objectives: This study aims to better understand the spatiotemporal trend of infertility prevalence in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This is a retrospective population-based study of women infertility from healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso, during January 2011 to December 2020. We calculated the prevalence rates of infertility and two disparity measures, and examined the spatiotemporal trend of infertility. Results: Over the 10-year period (2011 to 2020), 143,421 infertility cases were recorded in Burkina Faso healthcare facilities, resulting of a mean prevalence rate of 3.61‰ among childbearing age women and 17.87‰ among women who consulted healthcare facilities for reproductive issues (except contraception). The findings revealed a significant increase of infertility, with the prevalence rate varied from 2.75‰ in 2011 to 4.62‰ in 2020 among childbearing age women and from 13.38‰ in 2011 to 26.28‰ in 2020 among women who consulted healthcare facilities for reproductive issues, corresponding to an estimate annual percentage change of 8.31% and 9.80% respectively. There were significant temporal and geographic variations in the prevalence of infertility. While relative geographic disparity decreased, absolute geographic disparity showed an increasing trend over time. Conclusion: The study highlights an increasing trend of infertility prevalence and significant geographic variation in Burkina Faso, underscoring the urgent necessity for etiologic research o

关键词： Infertility Prevalence Temporal Trend Geography Disparity

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