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Efficacy and safety of combined endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous occlusion(BRTOcc)of gastrorenal shunts in patients with bleeding gastric fundal varices

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第3期9卷 212-218,I0001,I0002页

作者： Fateh Bazerbachi Akira Dobashi swarup Kumar sanjay Misra Navtej s.Buttar louis M.Wong Kee song Division of Gastroenterology Interventional Endoscopy ProgramMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Vascular and Interventional Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Background:Endoscopic cyanoacrylate(glue)injection of fundal varices may result in life-threatening embolic adverse events through spontaneous gastrorenal shunts(GRss).Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous occlusion(BRTOcc)of GRss during cyanoacrylate injection may prevent serious systemic glue embolization through the *** study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined endoscopic–interventional radiologic(BRTOcc)approach for the treatment of bleeding fundal ***:We retrospectively analysed the data of patients who underwent the combined procedure for acutely bleeding fundal varices between January 2010 and April *** were extracted for patient demographics,clinical and endoscopic findings,technical details,and adverse events of the endoscopic–BRTOcc approach and patient ***:We identified 30 patients(13[43.3%]women;median age 58[range,25–92]years)with gastroesophageal varices type 2(53.3%,16/30)and isolated gastric varices type 1(46.7%,14/30)per sarin classification,and median clinical and endoscopic follow-up of 151(range,4–2,513)days and 98(range,3–2,373)days,*** median volume of octylcyanoacrylate:Lipiodol injected was 7(range,4–22)***-related adverse events occurred in three(10.0%)patients,including transient fever,non-life-threatening pulmonary glue embolism,and an injection-site ulcer *** gastric variceal obturation was achieved in 18 of 21 patients(85.7%)at endoscopic *** variceal rebleeding was confirmed in one patient(3.3%)and suspected in two patients(6.7%).Although no procedure-related deaths occurred,the overall mortality rate was 46.7%,primarily from liver-disease progression and ***:The combined endoscopic–BRTOcc procedure is a relatively safe and effective technique for bleeding fundal varices,with a high rate of variceal obturation and a low rate of serious adverse events.

关键词： balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous occlusion cyanoacrylate injection gastric varices gastric variceal bleeding gastrorenal shunt

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coronary heart disease incidence and competing risks： an important issue

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2017年第7期14卷 425-429页

作者： Paolo Emilio Puddu Peter louis Amaduzzi Beatrice Ricci Department of cardiovascular Respiratory Nephrological Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences Sapienza University of Rome italy Department of Experimental Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine Univerity of Bologna Italy

The estimation of lifetime morbid events is not a rare presentation of relatively old and of more recent epidemi- ological investigations, accompanied by evaluating rates, risks and predictors （more in general determinants or risk factors）. However, when the follow-up period is very long and Kaplan-Meier survival curves are adopted, or Kaplan- Meier-based more complex models such as cox＇s analysis are used, clinical （or epidemiological） reality may well be distorted since by these survival methods risks tend to be overestimated, whereas survival tends to be reduced.

关键词： coronary heart disease competing risks The elderly

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High prevalence of cholestasis, with increased conjugated bile acids in inflammatory bowel diseases patients

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World Journal of clinical cases 2018年第4期6卷 44-53页

作者： Marc Girardin Antoine Hadengue Jean-louis Frossard service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital

AIM To investigate the prevalence and causes of cholestasis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in the swiss Inflammatory Bowel Diseases cohort. METHODs A retrospective cohort study was performed of all the patients in the swiss Inflammatory bowel disease cohort. Total bile acid was measured for all patients and cholestasis was defined as a concentration > 8 μmol/L. The characteristics of patients with or without cholestasis were compared. Bile acid profiles were then determined for 80 patients with high total bile acid and 80 matched patients with low total bile acid. Bile acid profiles were compared for smokers vs nonsmokers, ileal vs colonic disease, and inflammatory vs non inflammatory *** Ninety-six patients had more than 8 μmol/L total bile acid, giving a prevalence of 7.15%. Patients with an obvious cause of cholestasis, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, were then excluded, leaving 1190 participants with total bile acid cid > 8 μmol/L. In multivariate analysis, calcium supplementation was significantly associated with cholestasis(odds ratio, 2.36, 95%cI: 1.00-5.21, P = 0.040) whereas current smoking significantly reduced the risk of cholestasis(odds ratio, 0.42, 95%cI: 0.17-0.91, P = 0.041). Levels of all conjugated bile acids were higher in the cholestasis group than in the control group. When we compared patients with ileal vs colonic disease, the former had higher levels of primary, secondary, and tertiary bile acids whereas patients with colonic disease had higher levels of conjugated bile *** Prevalence of cholestasis is high. smoking appears to reduce cholestasis. conjugated bile acids are higher in cholestasis and in colonic disease whereas unconjugated in ileal disease.

关键词： Lipid Liver crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis cholestasis

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china’s Pattern of Growth: Moving to sustainability and Reducing Inequality

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china & World Economy 2006年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： louis Kuijs Tao Wang senior Economist World Bank Beijing Office Beijing China senior Economist International Monetary Fund Washington DC USA

This paper uses both macro level and sectoral data to study the sources and pattern of china＇s impressive economic growth over the last 25 years. Extending the growth accounting framework, we show that widening inequality, rural poverty, and resource intensity are to a large extent rooted in china＇s growth strategy, and resolving them requires a rebalancing of policies. We find that growth of investment in the industn＇al sector has been the single most important factor driving gross domestic product and overall labor productivity growth since the early 1990s. The shift of labor from low-productivity agriculture has been limited. The productivity gap between agriculture and the rest of the economy has continued to widen, leading to increased rura-urban income inequality. continuing with the current growth pattern would further increase already high investment and saving needs to unsustainable levels, lower urban employment growth, and widen the rural-urban income gap. However, reducing subsidies to industry and investment, encouraging the development of the services industry, and reducing barriers to labor mobility would result in a more balanced growth and a substantial reduction in the income gap between rural and urban residents.

关键词： income inequality labor productivity labor relocation pattern of growth

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Domain wall-localized phonons in BiFeO_(3):spectrum and selection rules

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npj computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1255-1260页

作者： Peng chen louis Ponet Keji Lai Roberto cingolani sergey Artyukhin Quantum Materials Theory Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia16163 GenovaItaly scuola Normale superiore di Pisa 56126 PisaItaly Department of Physics University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

Ferroelectric domain walls(DWs)are nanoscale topological defects that can be easily tailored to create nanoscale *** excitations,recently discovered to be responsible for GHz DW conductivity,hold promise for faster signal transmission and processing compared to the existing *** we find that DW phonons have unprecedented dispersion going from GHz all the way to THz frequencies,and resulting in a surprisingly broad GHz signature in DW *** activation of nominally forbidden DW sliding modes in BiFeO_(3) is traced back to DW tilting and resulting asymmetry in wall-localized *** obtained phonon spectra and selection rules are used to simulate scanning impedance microscopy,emerging as a powerful probe in *** results will guide the experimental discovery of the predicted phonon branches and design of DWbased nanodevices operating in the technologically important frequency range.

关键词： phonon walls faster

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Underworld-GT Applied to Guangdong,a Tool to Explore the Geothermal Potential of the crust

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Journal of Earth science 2015年第1期26卷 78-88页

作者： steve Quenette Yufei Xi John Mansour louis Moresi David Abramson Monash e Research centre Monash UniversityClayton 3800Australia The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences school of Earth sciences The University of MelbourneMelbourne 3010Australia Research computing centre The University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Geothermal energy potential is usually discussed in the context of conventional or engineered systems and at the scale of an individual reservoir. Whereas exploration for conventional reservoirs has been relatively easy, with expressions of resource found close to or even at the surface, exploration for non-conventional systems relies on temperature inherently increasing with depth and searching for favourable geological environments that maximise this increase. To utilitise the information we do have, we often assimilate available exploration data with models that capture the physics of the domi- nant underlying processes. Here, we discuss computational modelling approaches to exploration at a regional or crust scale, with application to geothermal reservoirs within basins or systems of basins. Target reservoirs have （at least） appropriate temperature, permeability and are at accessible depths. We discuss the software development approach that leads to effective use of the tool Underworld. We explore its role in the process of modelling, understanding computational error, importing and exporting geological knowledge as applied to the geological system underpinning the Guangdong Province, china.

关键词： Underworld-GT geothermal potential computational modelling approach Guangdong.

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Population growth, management and environmental degradation in china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1989年第1期1卷 1-14页

作者： Richard louis Edmonds University of London School of Oriental and African Studies.

Environmental problems in china can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. Environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of china's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems.

关键词： population environment degradation.

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Representation of A15 composition and T_c in internal-sn Nb_3sn superconducting strands

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science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 3020-3026页

作者： Andre sULPIcE Jean-louis sOUBEYROUX christophe VERWAERDE Gia Ky HOANG NEEL/cNRs-UJF ALsTOM 3 bis avenue des 3 Chenes 90018 Belfort France

Four sets of mono-element (ME) and two kinds of multifilament (MF) internal-sn Nb3sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated through RRP method in which different compoment ratios, various composite configurations and some third element alloying were arranged. All the strand samples underwent a 210°c/50 h + 340°c/25 h thermal duration for cu-sn alloying. After that A15 phase formation heat treatment (HT) was applied for which the ME samples were chosen at three reaction temperatures of 675°c, 700°c and 725°c for 100 h and 200 h while the MF samples at four temperatures of 650°c, 675°c, 700°c and 725°c for 128 h and 200 h. The heat-treated samples were examined for A15 phase composition distribution by X-ray EDs. sQUID magnetization measurement was used to determine critical temperature Tc. The obtained results demonstrate that for fully-reacted internal-sn Nb3sn superconductors the A15 phase composition and the intrinsic property Tc are determined by the diffusion and solid state reaction mechanism and are independent of the factors including HT temperature, strand composite component and configuration arrangement, and the third element addition within the experimental range.

关键词： internal-sn Nb3sn strands A15 phase composition phase formation heat treatment composite configuration and design third element alloying

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The effect of total carbon on microscopic soil properties and implications for crop production

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第3期4卷 251-259页

作者： Inma LEBRON Milton Earl McGIFFEN Jr Donald louis sUAREZ centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK Department of Botany and Plant science University of California Riverside CA 92521-0334 USA U.s. salinity Laboratory Riverside CA 92521-0334 USA

soil structure is a dynamic property affected by physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. Addition of organic matter to soils and the use of different management practices have been reported to impact soil structure and crop production. Moderation in soil temperature and increases in microbial activity and soil water retention are often suggested as reasons for the rise in crop yield when organic matter is added to the soil. Less is known about the direct effect of changes in soil structure on crop production. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of summer cover crop and in-season management system on soil structure. The experiment was a nested design with summer cover crop as the main plot and management system as the subplot. summer cover crop treatments included cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） incorporated into the soil in the fall （cI）, cowpea used as mulch in the fall （cM）, sudangrass （sorghum vulgare） incorporated into the soil in the fall （s）, and dry fallow or bare ground （B）. Management systems were organic （ORG） and conventional （cNV） systems. Lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.） and cantaloupes （cucumis melo L.） were cultivated in rotation in the plots for three consecutive years using the same cover crops and management systems for each plot. Disturbed and undisturbed soil cores were collected at the end of the third year and used for laboratory experiments to measure physical, chemical, and hy- draulic properties. Image analysis was used to quantify soil structure properties using a scanning electron micro- scope on thin sections prepared from the undisturbed soil cores. We found that total soil carbon was correlated with porosity, saturation percentage, and pore roughness. Pore roughness was correlated with crop production in gen- eral and with marketable production in particular. We found that the higher the complexity of the pore space, the more water retained in the soil, which may increase soil water residence and reduce plant

关键词： summer cover crop management systems soil structure properties total carbon

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Model-based estimation of above-ground biomass in the miombo ecoregion of Zambia

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第4期3卷 258-274页

作者： James Halperin Valerie LeMay Emmanuel chidumayo louis Verchot Peter Marshall Department of Forest Resources Management The University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Makeni savanna Research Project P.O. Box 50323 Ridgeway Lusaka Zambia International center for Tropical Agriculture Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira Apartado Aereo 6713 Cali 763537. Colombia

Background：Information on above-ground biomass（AGB） is important for managing forest resource use at local levels,land management planning at regional levels,and carbon emissions reporting at national and international *** many tropical developing countries,this information may be unreliable or at a scale too coarse for use at local *** is a vital need to provide estimates of AGB with quantifiable uncertainty that can facilitate land use management and policy development ***-based methods provide an efficient framework to estimate ***：Using National Forest Inventory（NFI） data for a^1,000,000 ha study area in the miombo ecoregion,Zambia,we estimated AGB using predicted canopy cover,environmental data,disturbance data,and Landsat 8 OLI satellite *** assessed different combinations of these datasets using three models,a semiparametric generalized additive model（GAM） and two nonlinear models（sigmoidal and exponential）,employing a genetic algorithm for variable selection that minimized root mean square prediction error（RMsPE）,calculated through *** compared model fit statistics to a null model as a baseline estimation *** bootstrap resampling methods,we calculated 95% confidence intervals for each model and compared results to a simple estimate of mean AGB from the NFI ground plot ***：canopy cover,soil moisture,and vegetation indices were consistently selected as predictor *** sigmoidal model and the GAM performed similarly;for both models the RMsPE was -36.8 tonnes per hectare（i.e.,57% of the mean）.However,the sigmoidal model was approximately 30% more efficient than the GAM,assessed using bootstrapped variance estimates relative to a null *** selecting the sigmoidal model,we estimated total AGB for the study area at 64,526,209 tonnes（＋/- 477,730）,with a confidence interval 20 times more precise than a simple designbased ***：Our findings demonstrate that NFI

关键词： National Forest Inventory Above-ground biomass Miombo REDD+ Generalized additive model Nonlinear model Landsat 8 OLI

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