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Are we giving biologics too much time? When should we stop treatment?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第36期14卷 5528-5531页

作者： Edouard louis J Belaiche c Reenaers Department of Gastroenterology cHU Liège and GIGA Research University of Liège Belgium

The optimal duration of biological treatment, particularly anti-TNF, in inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） is a very important question both for patients and physicians. There is no published evidence to clearly and definitely answer this question. However data on natural history of IBD, long term safety of biologics, immunosuppressors （Is） cessation and some preliminary studies on biologics cessation may help us to discuss this topic. The decision to stop a biological treatment is currently based on a compromise between the benefits and risks associated with the prolongation of this treatment. IBD, more particularly cD, are characterized by the development of complications and the need for recurrent hospitalizations and surgeries in approximately 2/3 of cases. In these patients potentially in need of biological treatments, it is probable that, as it has been demonstrated for Is, the longer a stable remission has be achieved under treatment, the lower the risk of relapse is alter treatment cessation. Further prospective studies should now aim at disclosing patient characteristics associated with a low risk of relapse to imple- ment this strategy.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Immunosuppressors Biological treatment

Herbivory of sympatric elk and cattle on Lincoln National Forest,south-central New Mexico

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 314-326页

作者： Heather H.Halbritter louis c.Bender Extension Animal sciences and Natural Resources New Mexico State University

Background： Wildlife and livestock grazing are important products of forest ecosystems, but can be controversial. Herbivory by North American elk and domestic cattle is a contentious management issue throughout western North America, often driving management proposals to decrease cattle and elk numbers based on perceived overutilization of forages. such observations are often site level rather than landscape, and may confuse ecological sustainability with desired conditions. Methods： We used line transects to document vegetation composition, structure, and grazing and browsing utilization for 4 key habitat types： mountain meadows, aspen, thinned conifer, and burned conifer on Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, UsA. We documented relative habitat use of these types by elk, mule deer, and cattle and modeled relative use on residual grass biomass of mountain meadows and browse utilization of forested types. We determined diets and diet quality of elk and cattle to assess degree of competition. Results： Use of grasses in meadows was below management thresholds, and combined elk, cattle, and deer relative habitat use accounted for 〈 14 % of the variance in residual stubble height of Poa protensis, the most abundant grass. Palatable browse was limited in habitat types （〈 107 ***^-1）, use was generally high, and elk presence was correlated with the majority of browsing. Elk and cattle diets did not significantly overlap （schoener＇s index 0.54-0.57）; elk fed primarily on deciduous shrubs （34 %-55 % of annual diets） and cattle on grass （72 %-77 %）. Digestibility and crude protein levels of cattle diets and body condition of elk indicated high quality diets for cattle and marginal-good quality diets for elk. conclusions： At observed stocking levels and densities, cattle and elk were not competing for forage based on diet similarity, nor were key habitat types being used beyond sustainable levels. Low browse availability indicates that opportunity exists to increase for

关键词： Browsing cattle carrying capacity Elk Grazing Herbivory Nutrition

Recurrent clostridium difficile infections:The importance of the intestinal microbiota

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7416-7423页

作者： Marie céline Zanella Terrier Martine louis simonet Philippe Bichard Jean louis Frossard service of General Internal Medicine Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland

clostridium difficile infections(cDI)are a leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial *** effective antibiotic treatments,recurrent infections are *** the recent emergence of hypervirulent isolates of ***,cDI is a growing epidemic with higher rates of recurrence,increasing severity and *** microbiota transplantation(FMT)is an alternative treatment for recurrent cDI.A better understanding of intestinal microbiota and its role in cDI has opened the door to this promising therapeutic *** is thought to resolve dysbiosis by restoring gut microbiota diversity thereby breaking the cycle of recurrent *** the first reported use of FMT for recurrent cDI in 1958,systematic reviews of case series and case report have shown its effectiveness with high resolution rates compared to standard antibiotic *** article focuses on current guidelines for cDI treatment,the role of intestinal microbiota in cDI recurrence and current evidence about FMT efficacy,adverse effects and acceptability.

关键词： clostridium difficile infection clostridium difficile recurrence Fecal microbiota transplantation stool transplantation Microbiota

Unconditionally secure Oblivious Polynomial Evaluation:A survey and New Results

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Journal of computer science & Technology 2022年第2期37卷 443-458页

作者： louis cianciullo Hossein Ghodosi college of science and Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD 4811Australia

Oblivious polynomial evaluation(OPE)is a two-party protocol that allows a receiver,R to learn an evaluation f(α),of a sender,s's polynomial(f(x)),whilst keeping both a and f(x)*** protocol has attracted a lot of attention recently,as it has wide ranging applications in the field of *** this article we review some of these applications and,additionally,take an in-depth look at the special case of information theoretic ***,we provide a current and critical review of the existing information theoretic OPE protocols in the *** divide these protocols into two distinct cases(three-party and distributed OPE)allowing for the easy distinction and classification of future information theoretic OPE *** addition to this work,we also develop several modifications and extensions to existing schemes,resulting in increased security,flexibility and ***,we also identify a security flaw in a previously published OPE scheme.

关键词： oblivious polynomial evaluation unconditionally secure information theoretic

A Geometric Problem and the Hopf Lemma. II

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chinese Annals of Mathematics,series B 2006年第2期27卷 193-218页

作者： louis NIRENBERG Dedicated to the memory of shiing-shen chern

A classical result of A. D. Alexandrov states that a connected compact smooth n-dimensional manifold without boundary, embedded in R^n＋1, and such that its mean curvature is constant, is a sphere. Here we study the problem of symmetry of M in a hyperplane Xn＋1 =constant in case M satisfies： for any two points （X^1, ^↑Xn＋1）, （X^1, Xn＋1） on M, with Xn＋1 〉^↑Xn＋1, the mean curvature at the first is not greater than that at the second. symmetry need not always hold, but in this paper, we establish it under some additional conditions. some variations of the Hopf Lemma are also presented. several open problems are described. Part I dealt with corresponding one dimensional problems.

关键词： Hopf Lemma Maximum principle Moving planes symmetry Mean curvature

Histogram Matched chest X-Rays Based Tuberculosis Detection Using cNN

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computer systems science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 81-97页

作者： Joe louis Paul Ignatius sasirekha selvakumar Kavin Gabriel Joe louis Paul Aadhithya B.Kailash s.Keertivaas s.A.J.Akarvin Raja Prajan Department of Information Technology Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of EngineeringRajiv Gandhi Salai(OMR)KalavakkamChennai603110Tamil NaduIndia Gullas college of Medicine-University of Visayas BaniladMandaue City6014CebuPhilippines

Tuberculosis(TB)is a severe infection that mostly affects the lungs and kills millions of people’s lives every *** can be diagnosed using chest X-rays(cXR)and data-driven deep learning(DL)*** of its better automated feature extraction capability,convolutional neural net-works(cNNs)trained on natural images are particularly effective in image cate-gorization.A combination of 3001 normal and 3001 TB cXR images was gathered for this study from different accessible public *** different deep cNNs(Resnet50,Resnet101,Resnet152,InceptionV3,VGG16,VGG19,DenseNet121,DenseNet169,DenseNet201,MobileNet)are trained and tested for identifying TB and normal *** study presents a deep cNN approach based on histogram matched cXR images that does not require object segmenta-tion of interest,and this coupled methodology of histogram matching with the cXRs improves the accuracy and detection performance of cNN models for TB ***,this research contains two separate experiments that used cXR images with and without histogram matching to classify TB and non-TB cXRs using deep *** was able to accurately detect TB from cXR images using pre-processing,data augmentation,and deep cNN *** histogram matching the best accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,precision and F1-score in the detection of TB using cXR images among ten models are 99.25%,99.48%,99.52%,99.48%and 99.22%*** histogram matching the best accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,precision and F1-score are 99.58%,99.82%,99.67%,99.65%and 99.56%*** proposed meth-odology,which has cutting-edge performance,will be useful in computer-assisted TB diagnosis and aids in minimizing irregularities in TB detection in developing countries.

关键词： Tuberculosis detection chest x-ray(cXR) convolutional neural networks(cNNs) transfer learning histogram matching

Geodynamics of oceanic plateau and plume head accretion and their role in Phanerozoic orogenic systems of china

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第1期6卷 49-59页

作者： Peter G.Betts louis Moresi Meghan s.Miller David Willis school of Earth Atmosphere and EnvironmentMonash UniversityClayton Campus school of Mathematical sciences Monash UniversityClayton Campus Department of Earth sciences University of Melbourne Department of Earth sciences University of Southern California

We present three 3D numerical models of deep subduction where buoyant material from an oceanic plateau and a plume interact with the overriding plate to assess the influence on subduction dynamics, trench geometry, and mechanisms for plateau accretion and continental growth. Transient instabilities of the convergent margin are produced, resulting in： contorted trench geometry; trench migration parallel with the plate margin; folding of the subducting slab and orocline development at the convergent margin; and transfer of the plateau to the overriding plate. The presence of plume material beneath the oceanic plateau causes fiat subduction above the plume, resulting in a ＂bowed＂ shaped subducting slab. In plateau-only models, plateau accretion at the edge of the overriding plate results in trench migration around the edge of the plateau before subduction is re-established directly behind the trailing edge of the plateau. The plateau shortens and some plateau material subducts. The presence of buoyant plume material beneath the oceanic plateau has a profound influence on the behaviour of the convergent margin. In the plateau ~ plume model, plateau accretion causes rapid trench advance. Plate convergence is accommodated by shearing at the base of the plateau and shortening in the overriding plate. The trench migrates around the edge of the plateau and subduction is re-established well behind the trailing edge of the plateau, effectively embedding the plateau into the overriding plate. A slab window forms beneath the accreted plateau and plume material is transferred from the subducting plate to the over- riding plate through the window. In all of the models, the subduction zone maintains a relatively stable configuration away from the buoyancy anomalies within the downgoing plate. The models provide a dynamic context for plateau and plume accretion in Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic systems such as the East china Orogen and the central Asian Orogen （Altiads）, which ar

关键词： subduction Accretion Plateau Plume central Asian Orogen Geodynamics

Role of the epididymis in sperm competition

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 493-499页

作者： Russell c. Jones Jean-louis Dacheux Brett Nixon Heath W. Ecroyd Discipline of Biological sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan 2308 Australia UMR INRA-cNRs 6073 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements Nouzilly 37380 France Department of chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia

Although it is generally understood that the testes recruited kidney ducts for reproductive function during the evolution of vertebrates, little is understood of the biological significance of the adaptation. In the context of the evolution of the mammalian epididymis, this report provides evidence that a major role of the epididymis is to enhance a male＇s chance of achieving paternity in a competitive mating system. A unique example of sperm cooperation in monotremes is used as evidence that the epididymis produces sperm competition proteins to form groups of 100 sperm into bundles that have a forward motility nearly thrice that of individual spermatozoa. As it required 3-h incubation in vitro under capacitation conditions to release motile sperm from the bundles, it is suggested that the monotremes provide an example of capacitation that is quite different from capacitation in higher mammals. It is suggested that variation between species in the intensity of sperm competition could explain the variation that occurs between species in the amount of post-testicular sperm maturation and storage in the epididymis, an explanation of why the human epididymis does not play as important a role in reproduction as the epididymis of most mammals. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 493-499）

关键词： epididymis sperm maturation sperm storage capacitation sperm competition sperm cooperation

Addressing ore formation and exploration

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1613-1622页

作者： Jean-louis Vigneresse GéoRessources UMR 7339Université de Lorraine

common base and noble metals represent an important economic factor in the actual industrial *** instance the world resources for copper are actually estimated for about the next 30 years *** situation requires rethinking the way major ore deposits form,leading to new guides for *** present paper briefly examines the processes leading to ore formation,in relation with granitic or granodioritic *** identifies the importance of metal enrichment during the magmatic *** the magma chamber that forms porphyry intrusions,metals may incorporate to first formed crystals,becoming inert;concentrate into the residual melt of a mush;or segregate by diffusion into the exsolved magmatic volatile phase(MVP)into which they are transported and precipitated.A competition results between elements partitioning and ***,a specific Peclet number for each metal(cu,Au,Ag,Mo,W,sn,and REE)controls the ratio between the diffusive and the advective *** diffusivity in the melt shows differential behavior relative to a threshold of about10 13 m2/*** with slower diffusivity values(***)will not ***,fast diffusive metals(Au,Ag,cu)may rapidly incorporate the MVP,provided an adequate component(halogens or s)is attractive for *** chemistry of the MVP escaping the magma induces different alteration *** relative content in F,cl or s,attested by the composition of biotites and apatites,links with the preferential content of metals in o re deposits,representing a valuable tool for *** the model is replaced in a set of coupled mechanical-chemical instabilities,within a three phase material.

关键词： Porphyry ore deposits Metals concentration processes Exploration Alteration pattern