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High doses of catecholamines activate glucose transport in human adipocytes independently from adrenoceptor stimulation or vanadium addition

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第1期13卷 37-53页

作者： Christian Carpéné Nathalie Boulet Jean-louis Grolleau Nathalie Morin Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires INSERM UMR1297Toulouse 31432France Team Dinamix Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases(I2MC)Paul Sabatier UniversityToulouse 31432France Department of Plastic Surgery CHU RangueilToulouse 31059France Facultéde Pharmacie de Paris Universitéde ParisINSERM UMR-S 11393PHMParis 75006France

BACKGROUND When combined with vanadium salts,catecholamines strongly activate glucose uptake in rat and mouse *** To test whether catecholamines activate glucose transport in human *** The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose(2-DG)was measured in adipocytes isolated from pieces of abdominal subcutaneous tissue removed from women undergoing reconstructive *** approaches with amine oxidase inhibitors,adrenoreceptor agonists and antioxidants were performed to unravel the mechanisms of action of noradrenaline or adrenaline(also named epinephrine).RESULTS In human adipocytes,45-min incubation with 100μmol/L adrenaline or noradrenaline activated 2-DG uptake up to more than one-third of the maximal response to *** stimulation was not reproduced with millimolar doses of dopamine or serotonin and was not enhanced by addition of vanadate to the incubation *** various natural amines and adrenergic agonists tested,no other molecule was more efficient than adrenaline and noradrenaline in stimulating 2-DG *** effect of the catecholamines was not impaired by pargyline and semicarbazide,contrarily to that of benzylamine or methylamine,which are recognized substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine *** peroxide at 1 mmol/L activated hexose uptake but not pyrocatechol or benzoquinone,and only the former was potentiated by *** and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin inhibited adrenaline-induced activation of 2-DG *** High doses of catecholamines exert insulin-like actions on glucose transport in human *** submillimolar doses,vanadium did not enhance this catecholamine activation of glucose ***,this dismantles our previous suggestion to combine the metal ion with catecholamines to improve the benefit/risk ratio of vanadium-based antidiabetic approaches.

关键词： Human adipocytes Amine oxidases Insulin Diabetes Vanadium Obesity

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Additive manufacturing of antibacterial PLA-ZnO nanocomposites:Benefits,limitations and open challenges

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第16期111卷 120-151页

作者： Wei Juene Chong Shirley Shen Yuncang Li Adrian Trinchi Dejana Pejak Ilias(louis)Kyratzis Antonella Sola Cuie Wen School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia CSIRO Manufacturing Business Unit ClaytonVictoria 3169Australia

Polymeric biomaterials such as polylactic acid(PLA)play a prominent role in the advancement of biomedical additive manufacturing(AM).PLA offers indeed a very advantageous combination of thermomechanical properties and functional attributes,as it is biobased,biodegradable,biocompatible and easy to ***,PLA can be damaged by common sterilization methods and is sensitive to most chemical disinfectants,and this may impair its widespread *** of the most promising ways to overcome this shortcoming is to provide PLA with embedded antibacterial activity by the addition of appropriate fillers such as zinc oxide(Zn O)*** a detailed introduction to the basic properties of PLA and ZnO nanoparticles,the present review analyzes the main variables that govern the antibacterial activity of PLA-ZnO *** applications and related manufacturing processes are also presented to showcase the importance of having embedded antibacterial functions in demanding applications such as food packaging and wound *** is then placed on the emerging literature of the AM of PLA-ZnO nanocomposites,with a focus on fused filament fabrication(also known as fused deposition modeling).Existing gaps and hurdles related to the development and 3D printing of such composites is critically *** is envisioned that a deeper understanding of the processability,thermo-mechanical behavior,biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy of additively manufactured PLAZnO nanocomposites will foster their adoption in the biomedical field and,ultimately,in all circumstances where it is crucial to limit infection transmission.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Antibacterial activity Fused filament fabrication Nanocomposite PLA ZnO Fused deposition modeling

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Do astrocytes respond to light,sound,or electrical stimulation?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2343-2347页

作者： Audrey Le Naour Emilien Beziat Jaimie Hoh Kam Pierre Magistretti Alim-louis Benabid John Mitrofanis UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Fonds de dotationClinatecGrenobleFrance King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Astrocytes are not only the most populous cell type in the human brain,but they also have the most extensive and dive rse sets of connections,across synapses,axons,blood vessels,as well as having their own internal ***,they are associated with many brain functions;from the synaptic transmission to energy metabolism and fluid homeostasis,and from cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier maintenance to neuroprotection,memory,immune defenses and detoxification,slee p,and early *** yet,notwithstanding these key roles,so many current therapeutic approaches to a range of brain disorders have largely neglected their potential *** this review,we consider the role of astrocytes in three brain therapies;two are emerging treatments(photobiomodulation and ultrasound),while the other is well-established(deep brain stimulation).In essence,we explore the issue of whether external sources,such as light,sound,or electricity,can influence the function of astrocytes,as they do *** find that,when taken all together,each of these external sources can influence many,if not,all of the functions associated with *** include influencing neuronal activity,prompting neuroprotection,reducing inflammation(astrogliosis) and potentially increasing cerebral blood flow and stimulating the glymphatic *** suggest that astrocytes,just like neurons,can respond positively to each of these external applications and that their activation co uld each impart many beneficial outcomes on brain function;they are likely to be key playe rs underpinning the mechanisms behind many therapeutic strategies.

关键词： deep brain stimulation high frequency infrared mitochondria red ultrasound

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The Bell Inequality, Inviolable by Data Used Consistently with Its Derivation, Is Satisfied by Quantum Correlations Whose Probabilities Satisfy the Wigner Inequality

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第6期14卷 802-817页

作者： louis Sica Institute for Quantum Studies Chapman University Orange CA & Burtonsville MD USA Inspire Institute Inc. Alexandria USA

It is not generally known that the inequality that Bell derived using three random variables must be identically satisfied by any three corresponding data sets of ±1’s that are writable on paper. This surprising fact is not immediately obvious from Bell’s inequality derivation based on causal random variables, but follows immediately if the same mathematical operations are applied to finite data sets. For laboratory data, the inequality is identically satisfied as a fact of pure algebra, and its satisfaction is independent of whether the processes generating the data are local, non-local, deterministic, random, or nonsensical. It follows that if predicted correlations violate the inequality, they represent no three cross-correlated data sets that can exist, or can be generated from valid probability models. Reported data that violate the inequality consist of probabilistically independent data-pairs and are thus inconsistent with inequality derivation. In the case of random variables as Bell assumed, the correlations in the inequality may be expressed in terms of the probabilities that give rise to them. A new inequality is then produced: The Wigner inequality, that must be satisfied by quantum mechanical probabilities in the case of Bell experiments. If that were not the case, predicted quantum probabilities and correlations would be inconsistent with basic algebra.

关键词： Bell Inequality Bell Theorem Wigner Inequality Entanglement Locality Realism

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Conditional Independence Leads to Satisfaction of the Bell Inequality without Assuming Non-Locality or Non-Reality

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2022年第5期12卷 405-417页

作者： louis Sica Institute for Quantum Studies Chapman University Orange USA Inspire Institute Inc. Alexandria USA

The original Bell inequality was obtained in a statistical derivation assuming three mutually cross-correlated random variables (four in the later version). Given that observations destroy the particles, the physical realization of three variables from an experiment producing two particles per trial requires two separate trial runs. One assumed variable value (for particle 1) occurs at a fixed instrument setting in both trial runs while a second variable (for particle 2) occurs at alternative instrument settings in the two trial runs. Given that measurements on the two particles occurring in each trial are themselves correlated, measurements from independent realizations at mutually exclusive settings on particle 2 are conditionally independent, i.e., conditionally dependent on particle 1, through probability. This situation is realized from variables defined by Bell using entangled particle pairs. Two correlations have the form that Bell computed from entanglement, but a third correlation from conditionally independent measurements has a different form. When the correlations are computed using quantum probabilities, the Bell inequality is satisfied without recourse to assumptions of non-locality, or non-reality.

关键词： Bell Theorem Bell Inequality Entanglement Cross-Correlations Conditional Independence

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Differences in action potential propagation speed and axon initial segment plasticity between neurons from Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice

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Zoological Research 2022年第4期43卷 615-633页

作者： Zhi-Ya Chen Luxin Peng Mengdi Zhao Yu Li Mochizuki Takahiko louis Tao Peng Zou Yan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules CenterBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Bioinformatics National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100084China Chinese Institute for Brain Research(CIBR) Beijing 102206China

Action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release *** learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably ***,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage *** data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from *** with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in ***,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 *** findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.

关键词： Sprague-Dawley rats C57BL/6 mice Action potential Axon initial segment Plasticity

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Floristic composition,growth temperament and conservation status of woody plant species in the Cameroonian tropical rainforests

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 694-710页

作者： Olivier Clovis Kengne Samuel Severin Kenfack Feukeng Eric Tchatchouang Ngansop Raissa Gwladys Daghela Meyan‑ya louis Zapfack Department of Life and Earth Sciences Higher Teachers’Training CollegeUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 55MarouaCameroon Department of Plant Biology University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development(IRAD) National Herbarium of CameroonP.O.Box 1601YaoundéCameroon Department of Plant Biology University of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812YaoundéCameroon

Introduction:Cameroon’s tropical rainforests are nowadays strewn with rural forests maintained by local popula‑tions;however,these forests are not officially recognized in the non‑permanent forest *** forests are non‑delimited riparian areas within the dense moist forest,reserved for rural housing,agricultural activities and agroforestry practices,freely exploited by the local communities for their livelihood without them having any rights to artisanal and commercial *** study aimed at contributing to the flora knowledge and the conservation state of woody plant species in *** study was carried out in two rural forests located in the Eastern and Southern agroforestry zones of ***:The method adopted for floristic inventories combined a fixed area sampling unit and a variable area sampling *** individuals with diameter at breast height(dbh)<3.2 cm were counted and shrubs of 3.2≤dbh<10 cm were measured to analyse the understorey,while trees with dbh≥10 cm were measured and identified to characterize the ***:In the Essiengbot‑Mbankoho rural forest in Eastern Cameroon,468 species belonging to 61 families were recorded in the understory while 227 species belonging to 53 families were identified at the canopy level.A total of 40(7.68%)threatened species,18(3.45%)Near Threatened species and 408(78.31%)Least Concern species were *** the Nbgwassa‑Opkweng rural forest in Southern Cameroon,534 species belonging to 64 families were identified in the understory while 225 species belonging to 43 families were recorded in the canopy.A total of 54(9.69%)threatened species,25(4.49%)Near Threatened species and 421(75.58%)Least Concern species were identified in this ***’s diversity indices were above five in the understories and canopies of both ***‑bearer species were the most represented in the understories while the non‑pioneer light‑demanding and shade‑bearer species were the most abundant in

关键词： Floristic composition Rural forest Growth temperament Understory Canopy Conservation status

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3D shear flows driven by Lévy noise at the boundary

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2023年第1期8卷 75-94页

作者： Wai-tong(louis)Fan Ali Pakzad Krutika Tawri Roger Temam Department of Mathematics Indiana University BloomingtonIN 47405USA Department of Mathematics California State University NorthridgeCA 91330USA Department of Mathematics University of California BerkeleyCA 94720USA

This paper is concerned with the stochastic incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a layer of fluid between two flat no-slip *** fluid is driven by the noisy movement of the bottom boundary,where the noise is given by a Lévy *** establishing existence of a martingale solution,we use the background flow method to derive an upper bound on the turbulent energy dissipation *** estimate recovers one of the basic scaling ideas of turbulence theory,namely,that the dissipation rate is independent of the viscosity at high Reynolds number.

关键词： Existence Lévy noise Navier–Stokes equations 3D shear flows Upper bound

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Molten Salt-Shielded Synthesis(MS^(3))of MXenes in Air

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第2期6卷 159-164页

作者： Jinjin Chen Qianqian Jin Youbing Li Hui Shao Pengcheng Liu Ying Liu Pierre-louis Taberna Qing Huang Zifeng Lin Patrice Simon College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Materials Science and Engineering Research Center Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou 545006China Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH Zhongchuangyi RoadHangzhou Bay DistrictNingbo 315336China CIRIMAT Universit´e de ToulouseCNRSToulouse 31400France R´eseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie(RS2E)FR CNRS no 3459 Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials&Devices Ministry of EducationChina

MXenes are two-dimensional transition metal carbides and/or nitrides with unique physiochemical properties and have attracted extensive interest in numerous ***,current MXene synthesis methods are limited by hazardous synthesis conditions,high production costs,or difficulty in largescale ***,a general,safe,cost-effective,and scalable synthesis method for MXenes is ***,we report the fast synthesis of MXenes in the open air using a molten salt-shielded synthesis(MS^(3))method,which uses Lewis-acid salts as etchants and a low-melting-point eutectic salt mixture as the reaction medium and shield to prevent MXene oxidation at high *** and nitride MXenes,including Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),Ti_(2)CT_(x),Ti_(3)CNT_(x),and Ti_(4)N_(3)T_(x),were successfully synthesized using the MS^(3) *** also present the flexibility of the MS^(3) method by scaling the etching process to large batches of 20 and 60 g of Ti_(3)AlC_(2) MAX precursor in one *** used as negative electrodes,the prepared MS^(3)-MXenes delivered excellent electrochemical properties for high-rate Li-ion storage.

关键词： carbides lithium-ion storage molten salt synthesis MXene nitrides

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The structure of colloidal polyethylenimine-silica nanocomposite microparticles

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Particuology 2023年第5期76卷 86-100页

作者： Alexandra Semenova Luke W.Giles Mark louis P.Vidallon Bart Follink Paul L.Brown Rico F.Tabor School of Chemistry Monash University19 Rainforest Walk.Clayton3800Australia Rio Tinto Bundoora Technical Development Centre1 Research AvenueBundoora3083Australia

Deposition of silica from an organosilane tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)onto parent polyethylenimine(PEI)microgel particles produces a novel PEI-silica nanocomposite,which possesses greater adsorption ca-pacity for copper ions than either parent *** study explores factors governing interactions of silica with the PEI matrix,along with structural features of resulting PEI-silica composite particles,to explain their properties and determine their application *** influence of initial TEOS/PEI mass ratio and the duration of silica deposition on the final silica content and distribution in the composite are studied.A comparative analysis of the structural architecture of chemically etched silica remnants,original PEI-silica composite particles and the parent PEI-microgel is carried out using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy,small-angle X-ray scattering,and electron microscopy *** is found that silica sol nanoparticles are evenly distributed throughout the PEI-microgel framework and interlinked with it via electrostatic interactions,enabling a structural model of the PEI-silica nanocomposite to be *** chemical stability of resulting nanocomposite particles in parallel with the parent PEI-microgel is tested and shown to be robust for more than 100 days of storage in aqueous dispersions across a range of pH conditions,highlighting the application potential for these particles in copper capture.

关键词： Polyethylenimine Silica Organic-inorganic composite Nano-scale morphology Small angle X-ray scattering

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