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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 991-1001页

作者： Mwajabu SELEMANI Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Ginethon MHAMPHI loth S.mulungu Steven R.BELMAIN Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

The black rat is considered one of the world’s top *** increased restrictions on rodenticides,new alternatives to manage rats are urgently *** on the use of contraceptive hormones,levonorgestrel(LE),and quinestrol(QU),have been evaluated against some rodent species,and this research is theﬁrst study to assess these on black *** were incorporated into rodent bait at 10 and 50 ppm concentrations singly and in combination(EP-1).Groups of 10 animals of each sex were fed the baits over 7 *** bait consumption was observed with slight body mass *** dissection,it was observed that the uterus was in a state of edema and male reproductive organs weighed less with reduced sperm counts/*** 2 most promising baits,50 ppm QU and EP-1,were used to assess impact on pregnancy and litter *** was reduced from 70%success when both males and females consumed untreated bait,down to 30%when males had consumed contraceptive bait but females had not,and down to 0%when females had consumed contraceptive bait,regardless of whether they had paired with a treated or untreated *** size in the untreated pairs was 8 pups,but only 4 pups in those cases where the male only had consumed the *** studies should investigate how long the effect lasts and its *** studies at the population level may also shed light on the practicality of using contraceptive baits for black rats in different habitats.

关键词： contraceptive bait ecologically based rodent management fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol

Relationship between sampling intensity and precision for estimating damage to maize caused by rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 131-135页

作者： loth S.mulungu Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Herwig LEIRS Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania University of Antwerp Evolutionary Biology GroupAntwerpenBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory University of AarhusDepartment of Integrated Pest ManagementKongens LyngbyDenmark

In this study we aimed to determine the relationship between sampling intensity and precision for estimating rodentdamage. We used the systematic row sampling technique to provide data to achieve precision and accuracy inestimations of rodent damage in maize fields at the planting and seedling stages. The actual rodent damage to maizein 15 fields, each 0.5 ha in size, in Morogoro, Tanzania, was established at the seedling stage. These data were usedto simulate the sampling intensities that would provide precision and accuracy. The variations between estimateswere plotted against the sampling intervals. The results of this study show that the relationship between averagestandardized variances and sampling intervals is linear. The heterogeneous distribution of damage in some plotscaused variations in the accuracy of the estimates between plots, but a sampling interval of five rows consistentlyproduced estimates with a variance of less than 10%. We provide a standard curve that will allow a decision to bemade on the sampling intensity as a function of required precision using the systematic row sampling technique inmaize fields.

关键词： rodents sampling interval simulation standard curve systematic row sampling

Distribution and ecology of lesser pouched rat,Beamys hindei,in Tanzanian coastal forests

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第6期10卷 531-542页

作者： Christopher A.SABUNI Vincent SLUYDTS loth S.mulungu Samwel L.S.MAGANGA Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Herwig LEIRS Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Unit of Medical Entomology Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Ecology Group University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium

The lesser pouched rat,Beamys hindei,is a small rodent that is patchily distributed in the Eastern Arc Mountains and coastal forests in East *** ecology of this species and its current distribution in coastal forests is not well ***,we conducted a study in selected coastal forests to assess the current distribution of the species and to investigate the population ecology in terms of abundance fluctuations and demographic *** of the species distribution were conducted in 5 forests through trapping with Sherman live *** on ecology were obtained from monthly capture–mark–recapture studies conducted for 5 consecutive nights per month in two 1 ha grids set in Zaraninge Forest over a 2-year *** results indicate the presence of *** in 3 forests where it was not previously *** population abundance estimates ranged from 1 to 40 animals per month,with high numbers recorded during rainy *** patterns and sex ratios did not differ between *** estimates were not influenced by season,and recruitment was low,with growth rate estimates of 1 animal per *** estimates suggest a stable population of *** in Zaraninge *** studies are recommended to establish the home range,diet and burrowing behavior of the species in coastal forests in East Africa.

关键词： abundance Beamys hindei coastal forests recruitment survival

Soil type limits population abundance of rodents in crop fields:case study of the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis Smith,1834 in Tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 27-30页

作者： Apia W.MASSAWE Winnie RWAMUGIRA Herwig LEIRS Rhodes H.MAKUNDI loth mulungu V.NGOWO Robert MACHANG’U Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Crop Science and Production Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Evolutionary Biology Group University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Danish Institute of Agricultural SciencesKongens LyngbyDenmark Rodent Control Centre MorogoroTanzania

Studies of populations of the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis in Morogoro, Tanzania, show that soil textureappears to influence the population abundance and distribution of these rats in agricultural fields. The lowest rodentpopulation abundance was found on sandy clay soils (F(2, 5) = 8.42;P = 0.025). The population abundances of *** on sandy clay loam and sandy loam soils did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05), possibly because thesesoils have a very similar texture. The results of this study suggest that M. natalensis prefers loam-textured soilswith a high percentage of sand, which are probably better than clay soils for burrowing and nesting, particularly inthe rainy season. The lower preference for clay soils is probably related to the poor aeration in these soils and thewaterlogging that occurs during the wet season.

关键词： Mastomys population soil texture Tanzania.

Reproduction and population dynamics of Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834 in an agricultural landscape in the Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 233-238页

作者： Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE loth S.mulungu Pest Management Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

The multimammate rat,Mastomys natalensis Smith 1834,is a dominant species in agro-ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa,but adapts quickly to changes in non-agricultural landscape,particularly woodlands and *** this study we report on reproduction and population dynamics of *** in deforested high elevation localities in the Usambara Mountains,north-east *** conducted Capture-Mark-Recapture studies in 2002-2004,and established that reproduction of *** takes place in the extended wet season between February and June,and the population density peaks in *** cease in July to January and population density drops from July *** and population density fluctuations are linked to the duration and amount of *** years when rainfall was below average and the wet season was short,the population density was significantly lower(below 10 animals/ha and 60 animals/ha in 2003 and 2004 respectively,compared to>100 animals/ha in 2002 when rainfall was above the seasonal average)(Fdf 2,13=9.092,p<0.01 for in between years variations and Fdf_(12,15)=5.389,p<0.01 for effect of cumulative annual rainfall on population density).These densities were much lower than in the lowland savannah habitats in central and southwest Tanzania.A comparison between the farmland/fallow mosaic fields and agro-forestry areas showed higher population densities in the former,which have similarities to the preferred habitats in the lowland *** increasing abundance of *** in the Usambara could have some consequences:*** is major pest and is involved in the plague cycle in the western Usambara *** natalensis is also a strong competitor and the impact on endemic rodent species,*** flavopunctatus and Praomys delectorum is unknown.

关键词： Mastomys population dynamics reproduction Tanzania.

Comparative assessment on rodent impacts and cultural perceptions of ecologically based rodent management in 3 Afro-Malagasy farming regions

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 578-594页

作者： Natasha L.CONSTANT Lourens H.SWANEPOEL Samual T.WILLIAMS Voahangy SOARIMALALA Steven M.GOODMAN Apia T.MASSAWE loth S.mulungu Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Mashaka E.MDANGI Peter J.TAYLOR Steven R.BELMAIN SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouJohannesburgSouth Africa Sustainable Places Research Institute Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Department of Zoology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Department of Anthropology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education(IGDORE) JohannesburgSouth Africa Association Vahatra AntananarivoMadagascar Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’EnvironnementUniversitéde Fianarantsoa FianarantsoaMadagascar Field Museum of Natural History ChicagoIllinoisUSA Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Ministry of Agriculture Tanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

Rodents generate negative consequences for smallholder farmers in Africa that directly impact household and livestock damage,food security,and public *** Based Rodent Management(EBRM)seeks sustainable solutions for the mitigation of rodent damage through assessments of rodent population dynamics,agro-ecosystems,and socio-cultural *** adopt a comparative approach across 3 rural Afro-Malagasy smallholder farming regions in South Africa,Tanzania,and Madagascar to assess the household impacts of rodent pests and current perceptions and preferences associated with several rodent control *** conducted focus group questionnaires and interviews in different study site *** assert multiple impacts on Afro-Malagasy farmers demonstrating recurrent and emerging agricultural and household costs,and public health *** identify a significant knowledge gap in educating communities about the application of different EBRM approaches in favor of acute poisons that are perceived to be more *** issues and taboos also have a significant impact on the social acceptance of rodent hunting as well as biological control using indigenous *** advocate for an enhanced investigation of the socio-cultural beliefs associated with different rodent practices to understand the factors underlying social acceptance.A collaborative approach that integrates the perspectives of target communities to inform the design of EBRM initiatives according to the specific agro-ecosystem and socio-cultural context is necessary to ensure programmatic success.

关键词： Africa beliefs crop damage ecologically based rodent management farmer survey