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Articulated dental cast analysis of asymptomatic and symptomatic populations

International Journal of Oral Science 2016年第2期8卷 126-132页

作者： Frank e Cordray Department of Orthodontics College of Dentistry Ohio State University Columbus USA

Dental instrumentation has long provided insight into the mechanism of musculo-skeletal function of the gnathic system. While large population studies associate dental arch displacement （DAD）, especially laterally, with symptoms, mandibular condyle displacement （CD） resulting from DAD has not been targeted as possibly etiologic in the production of common muscle contraction headache （CMCH） and temporo-mandibular dysfunction （TMD）. The objective was to evaluate the three-dimensional nature of DAD and CD between the seated condylar position （SCP） and the intercuspal position （ICP） and to compare results derived from large deprogrammed asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. A total of 1 192 sets of dental casts collected from asymptomatic and symptomatic populations were articulated in the SCP. The initial occlusal contact, DAD, and condylar displacement were evaluated for frequency, direction, and magnitude of displacement between the SCP and ICP. The data revealed significant displacement between the SCP and ICP of the condyles （displaced most frequently inferior （down） and posterior （distal）） and substantially increased frequency and magnitude of displacement of the dental arches （with posterior premature occlusal contacts, increased overjet, decreased overbite, midline differences, and occlusal classification changes） in symptomatic subjects. These discrepancies were statistically significant and clinically significant. The data support the concept of increased DAD and CD with dysfunction. Transverse condylar displacement, commonly presenting with dental cross bite, may be associated with CMCH and TMD. Displacement of the mandibular condyle may be an etiologic factor in CMCH and dysfunction of the temporo-mandibular joint.

关键词： dental arch displacement condylar displacement seated condylar position intercuspal position musculo-skeletaldysfunction temporo-mandibular dysfunction common muscle contraction headache

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Lepton electric Charge Swap at the 10 TeV energy Scale

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2013年第11期60卷 561-570页

作者： e. Koorambas 8A Chatzikosta 11521 Ampelokipi Athens Greece

We investigate the nature of the dark matter by proposing a mechanism for the breaking of local rotational symmetry between ordinary third family leptons and proposed non-regular leptons at energy scales below 10 TeV. This symmetry breaking mechanism involves electric charge swap between ordinary families of leptons can and produces highly massive non-regular leptons of order 0 （1 TeV） mass unobservable at energy scales below 10 TeV （the scale of LeP Ⅰ, Ⅱ and neutrino oscillation experiments）. electric charge swap between ordinary families of leptons produces heavy neutral non-regular leptons with order 0 （1 TeV） masses, which may form cold dark matter. The existence of these proposed leptons can be tested once the Large Hadron Collider （LHC） becomes operative at 10 TeV energy-scales. This proposition may have far reaching applications in astrophysics and cosmology.

关键词： conservation law in decays group theory Brane and extra dimensions

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Role of erbB family receptor tyrosine kinases in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第46期14卷 7033-7058页

作者： Alphonse e Sirica Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis Department of PathologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine

Aberrant expression and signaling of epidermal growth factor receptor (erbB) family receptor tyrosine kinases, most notably that of erbB2 and erbB1, have been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Constitutive overexpression of erbB2 and/or erbB1 in malignant cholangiocytes has raised interest in the possibility that agents which selectively target these receptors could potentially be effective in cholangiocarcinoma therapy. However, current experience with such erbB-directed therapies have at best produced only modest responses in patients with biliary tract cancers. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of both preclinical and clinical studies aimed at assessing the role of altered erbB2 and/or erbB1 expression, genetic modifications, and dysregulated signaling on cholangiocarcinoma development and progression. Specific limitations in experimental approaches that have been used to assess human cholangiocarcinoma specimens for erbB2 and/or erbB1 overexpression and gene amplification are discussed. In addition, current rodent models of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinogenesis associated with constitutive erbB2 overexpression are reviewed. Select interactive relationships between erbB2 or erbB1 with other relevant molecular signaling pathways associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development and progression are also detailed, including those linking erbB receptors to bile acid, cyclooxygenase-2,interleukin-6/gp130, transmembrane mucins, hepatocyte growth factor/Met, and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Lastly, various factors that can limit therapeutic efficacy of erbB-targeted agents against cholangiocarcinoma are considered.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma erbB activation Bile acids Cyclooxygenase-2 erbB targeted therapies

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X Y Z particles at BABAR

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第6期34卷 644-649页

作者： e.Prencipe LAPP-Laboratoire de Annecy de Physique de Particules

This paper intends to shortly summarize the recent results on Spectroscopy, published from the BABAR Collaboration. The BABAR experiment is a B-factory, at SLAC, where asymmetric energy beams of electron-positron are accelerated and collide at the energy in the center of mass of T（4S）. In 9 years of data taking, BABAR had collected 433 fb^-1 equivalent luminosity on-peak-data at the T（4S） energy, 30 fb^-1 data at the T（3S） energy, 15 fb^-1 data at the T（2S） energy, and a scan around T（4S） was done, collecting 25 pb^-1 every 5 MeV. Thanks to the high luminosity achieved, it is possible to perform high precision measurements, and spectroscopy studies. An update on the measurement of the state X（3872） will be given, as final result published by using the whole dataset available. Then, a new preliminary Y（4260） measurement is reported, and the study of the invariant mass J/ψπ^＋π^- in ISR events is shown, where no evidence of the state Y（4050） is highlighted. As conclusion, the results on the angular distribution analysis performed on the state Z（4430） are reported.

关键词： spectroscopy charmonium BABAR

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Analysis of Multiple Annular Pressure in Gas Storage Well and High-Pressure Gas Well

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energy engineering 2023年第1期120卷 35-48页

作者： Lihu Cao Jinsheng Sun Bo Zhang nu Lu Yuqiang Xu School of Petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChinaKorla841000China CNPC Research Institute of Safety and environment Technology Beijing102206China Research Institute of Petroleum exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

In gas storage or high-pressure gas wells,annular pressure is an unavoidable threat to safe,long-term resource *** more complex situation,however,is multiple annular pressure,which means annular pressure happens in not only one annulus but two or *** a situation brings serious challenges to the identification of well ***,few researches analyze the phenomenon of multiple annular ***,this paper studies the mechanism of multi-annular pressure to provide a foundation for its prevention and ***,the multi-annular pressure is classified according to the mechanism and field *** the failure mechanism and function of the wellbore safety barriers in the process of passage formation are ***,some suggestions are put forward for identifying and controlling multi-annular *** results show that gas storage wells and high-pressure gas wells have the conditions to generate pressure channels,which leads to the expansion of annular pressure from a single annulus to multiple *** pressure channel is composed of the tubing string,casing string,and a cement mantle,and the failures among the three have causal and hierarchical *** to the channel direction,it can be divided into two types:tubing-casing annulus to casing annulus and casing annulus to the tubing-casing annulus,of which the former is more *** measures can be considered to prevent pressure channeling,including improvement of cementing quality,revision of maximum allowable annular pressure,and suitable frequency of pressure relief.

关键词： Multiple-annular pressure pressure channel generation mechanism identification and control

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How Specific is Non-Hypersensitive Host and Nonhost Resistance of Barley to Rust and Mildew Fungi?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 244-254页

作者： Niks R e Laboratory of Plant Breeding Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 3866700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

Full nonhost resistance can be defined as immunity, displayed by an entire plant species against all genotypes of a plant pathogen. Interesting biological questions are, whether the genes responsible for the nonhost status of a plant species have a general or a specific effectiveness to heterologous （＂nonhost＂） pathogens？ Is the nonhost resistance to pathogens of plant species that are related to the nonhost based on R-genes or on other types of genes？ We study this question in barley （Hordeum vulgare L.）, which is a near-nonhost to several rusts （Puccinia） of cereals and grasses. By crosses and selection we accumulated susceptibility and developed an experimental line, SusPtrit, with high susceptibility to at least nine different heterologous rust taxa such as the wheat and Agropyron leaf rusts （P. triticina and P. persistens, respectively）. At the microscopic level there is also some variation among barley accessions in the degree that the heterologous wheat powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis ***. tritici） is able to form haustoria in epidermal cells. So, also the genetics of the variation in level of nonhost resistance to heterologous mildew fungi can be studied in barley. Our data obtained on mapping populations involving three regular nonhost-immune accessions （Vada, Cebada Capa and Golden Promise） suggest that nonhost resistance is the joined effect of multiple, quantitative genes （QTLs） and very occasionally a major gene （R-gene？） is involved. Most QTLs have effect to only one or two heterologous rusts, but some have a wider spectrum. This was confirmed in a set of QTL-NILs. Those QTL-NILs are used to fine-map the effective genes. In some cases, a QTL region with effectiveness to several heterologous rusts might be a cluster of genes with a more narrow spectrum of effectiveness. Our evidence suggests that nonhost resistance in barley to rust and powdery mildew fungi of related Gramineae is not due to R-genes, but to pathogen species-specific quantitative resi

关键词： genetics specificity basal resistance

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Sediment discharge of the Yellow River, China: past, present and future——A synthesis

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第2期34卷 1-8页

作者： ReN Mei'e Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development of Ministry of education School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University

The Yellow River cut through Sanmenxia Gorge and discharged into the sea via the North China Plain in 150 ka BP; since then, around 86 000 × 108 t sediment has been transported passing Sanmenxia Gorge. Based on land use and land cover changes in Loess Plateau and other available evidence, an estimate of the Yellow River sediment budget is presented here： about 72% of the sedimentary material was trapped in the North China Plain and the remainder（i.e., 26%） escaped to the sea. At the present stage, 〈 0.2×108 t/a suspended sediment of the Yellow River enter the northern Yellow Sea. The transport pattern is determined mainly by the shelf current system. Annually 0.2×108–0.3×108 t of suspended particles are carried to the east China Sea; the materials are derived mainly from coastal and subaqueous delta erosion associated with the abandoned Yellow River on the Jiangsu coast. Since 1972, the lower Yellow River started to have a situation of continuous no-flow. During 1996–2000, the annual water flow and sediment discharge are only 19%, as compared with normal years（i.e., average for 1950–1979）. In response to global warming and increase of water diversion from the Yellow River for industrial and urban use, the sediment flux of the Yellow River to the sea will most likely remain small in the next two to three decades.

关键词： Yellow River Loess Plateau sediment budget transport patterns sediment retention

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Metamorphic zircon from Xindian eclogite,Dabie Terrain: U-Pb age and oxygen isotope composition

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Science China earth Sciences 2006年第1期49卷 68-76页

作者： e. Deloule CRPG-CNRS Nancy 54501France

Detailed CL image, U-Pb age and oxygen isotope composition in situ analyses for two metamorphic zircons from ultra-high pressure Xindian eclogite, Southern Dabie Terrain were carried out. There are two kinds of zircon in eclogite. The major subpopulation is podgy and isometric, and interpreted as protolith magmatic zircon with partial recrystallization. Its formation age is 811 ±22 Ma. The less abundant one is euhedral prismatic with core-rim structure and the rim being metamorphic overgrowth and formed at 221±17 Ma. Zircon CL image strength is mainly controlled by U and Th contents. The magmatic zircon has its Th/U ratio around 1.3 and decreasing with recrystallization, whereas metamorphic zircon has Th/U ratio of lower than 0.1. Magmatic and metamorphic zircon domains all show very low oxygen isotopic compositions with average δ18O values of 1.8?and 2.8? respectively. The low δ18O values in protolith zircon indicated meteoric water involvement in their magma source region. It may correlate with snowball earth event during Neoproterozoic. It also indicates that protolith zircon could survive its oxygen isotope signature during Dabie eclogite facies UHP metamorphism.

关键词： metamorphic zircon, zircon U-Pb age, zircon oxygen isotopes, eclogite, Dabie Shan.

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FATIGUe CRACK PROPAGATION OF Ni-BASe SUPeRALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(english Letters) 2005年第1期18卷 55-64页

作者： e.Barbero Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506-6106 USA

Time-dependent Fatigue Crack Propagation (FCP) behaviors of five Ni-base superalloys were investigated at various temperatures under fatigue with various holding times and sustained loading conditions. The new concept of damage zone is defined and employed to evaluate the alloys' resistance to hold-time FCP. A special testing procedure is designed to get the maximum damage zone of the alloys. Udimet 720 and Waspaloy show shorter damage zones than alloys 706 and 718. The fractographical analyses show that the fracture surfaces of the specimens under hold-time fatigue conditions are mixtures with intergranular and transgranular modes. As the extension of holding time per cycle, the portion of intergranular fracture increases, The effects of loading stress intensity, temperature, holding time, alloy chemistry, and alloy mi-crostructure on damage zone and the crack growth behaviors are studied. Hold-time usually increases the alloy's FCP rate, but there are few exemptions. For instance, the steady state hold-time FCP rate of Waspaloy at 760℃ is lower than that without hold-time. The beneficial effect of hold-time was attributed to the creep caused stress relaxation during the hold-time.

关键词： Ni-base superalloys fatigue crack growth hold-time

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Hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapy and prevention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第47期11卷 7391-7400页

作者： Hubert e Blum Department of Medicine Ⅱ University of FreiburgD-79106 FreiburgGermany

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. The major etiologies and risk factors for the development of HCC are well defined and some of the multiple steps involved in hepatocarcinogenesis have been elucidated in recent years. Despite these scientific advances and the implementation of measures for the early detection of HCC in patients at risk, patient survival has not improved during the last three decades. This is due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of clinical presentation and limited therapeutic options. The therapeutic options fall into five main categories: surgical interventions including tumor resection and liver transplantation, percutaneous interventions including ethanol injection and radiofrequency thermal ablation, transarterial interventions including embolization and chemoembolization, radiation therapy and drugs as well as gene and immune therapies. These therapeutic strategies have been evaluated in part in randomized controlled clinical trials that are the basis for therapeutic recommendations. Though surgery, percutaneous and transarterial interventions are effective in patients with limited disease (1-3 lesions, ＜5 cm in diameter) and compensated underlying liver disease (cirrhosis Child A), at the time of diagnosis more than 80% patients present with multicentric HCC and advanced liver disease or comorbidities that restrict the therapeutic measures to best supportive care. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of HCC, early diagnosis and the development of novel systemic therapies for advanced disease, including drugs, gene and immune therapies as well as primary HCC prevention are of paramount importance. Furthermore, secondary HCC prevention after successful therapeutic interventions needs to be improved in order to make an impact on the survival of patients with HCC. New technologies, including gene expression profiling and proteomic analyses, should allow to further elucida

关键词： HCC resection Liver transplantation Percutaneous ethanol injection Radiofrequency thermal ablation Transarterial embolization or chemoembolization Chemotherapy Gene therapy Immune therapy Prevention

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