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Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY William j.DAVIES Ian C.dodd Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

Detection of low energy solar neutrinos by a two-phase cryogenic e-bubble detector

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第21期52卷 3011-3015页

作者： j. YongLin GU Yan j. dodd R. GALEA M. LELTCHOUK W. WILLIS P. REHAK V. TCHERNIATINE Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Nevis Laboratories Columbia University P. O. Box 137 Irvington NY 10533 USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA

A new two-phase cryogenic neutrino detector using electron bubble (e-bubble) specifically in liquid helium is proposed and being developed for real time, high rate measurements of low-energy p-p reac- tion neutrinos from the sun. The e-bubble detector is a time proj.ction chamber-like (TPC) tracking detector. The task of such a neutrino detector is to detect the ionization of the elastically scattered target electrons by incident neutrinos, and then to characterize their energy and direction and to dis- tinguish them from radioactive backgrounds. The ionization signals are expected to be small and hence undergo avalanche amplification in the saturated vapor above the liquid phase by gas electron multi- pliers (GEMs) at high gain. Higher granularity and intrinsically suppressed ion feedback give a good spatial resolution and are the maj.r advantages of this technology. It should be possible to construct such a detector to track charged particles down to 100―200 keV in a massive liquid helium target with fractional millimeter spatial resolution in three-dimensional space, using the GEM-based TPC with a high-resolution CCD camera, for both the electronic and light readout.

关键词：低温探测器太阳微中子电子泡沫能源

Clay mineral formation and transformation in non-marine environments and implications for Early Cretaceous palaeoclimatic evolution:The Weald Basin,Southeast England

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j.urnal of Palaeogeography 2022年第3期11卷 387-409页

作者： Oladapo O.Akinlotan Ogechukwu A.Moghalu Stuart j.Hatter Sunday Okunuwadj. lorna Anquilano Uche Onwukwe Safiyeh Haghani Okwudiri A.Anyiam Byami A.j.lly Department of Geography University of SussexFalmerBrightonBN19SJUnited Kingdom Department of Geology University of NigeriaNsukka Road410001NsukkaNigeria Badley Ashton and Associates Ltd Winceby HouseWincebyHorncastleLincolnshireLN96PBUnited Kingdom Department of Geology and Geophysics School of GeosciencesKings’CollegeUniversity of AberdeenScotlandAB243UEUnited Kingdom Experimental Techniques Centre Brunel University LondonBragg 16Brunel University LondonUxbridgeUB83PHUnited Kingdom Department of Geology Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

Analyses of clay minerals within the Early Cretaceous Weald Basin,Southeast England reveal kaolinite,illite and chlorite as the main detrital clay minerals while glauconite and smectite are subordinates.A kaolinite-rich assemblage which characterized the sand-dominated Ashdown and Tunbridge Wells Sand formations and an illite-dominated assemblage associated mostly with the Wadhurst Clay and Weald Clay formations are *** was enriched in the Ashdown and Tunbridge Wells Sand formations during warm and humid climate with high precipitation that encouraged chemical weathering and leaching,while cold and dry conditions favoured the concentration of illite in the Wadhurst Clay and Weald Clay *** patterns associated with warm climate were drastically reduced during the drier climatic *** clay minerals are detrital in origin,with chlorite being more prominent than previously *** to previous studies and assumptions,this study revealed that authigenic clay minerals are present in the Hastings Beds,with vermiform and mica-replacive kaolinite being the most common,consistent with humid depositional *** authigenic illite is also present,along with a chloritized grain,providing evidence for *** absence of dickite and occurrence of kaolinite,suggest that authigenic illite formed in relatively shallow burial conditions,indicating a maximum burial depth of2500 m-3000 m,about 1000 m deeper than previous estimates of 1500 m-2000 *** clay minerals are absent in the Weald Clay Formation possibly because of hindered flow of meteoric water and limited growth space for authigenic *** study is significant in:1)reinforcing multiple methods to facilitate a robust and balanced knowledge of formation and transformation of clay minerals;2)investigating detrital and authigenic clay mineral assemblages when assessing the palaeoenvironments of sedimentary basins.

关键词： Clay minerals Clay mineral transformation Palaeoclimate Early Cretaceous Weald Basin Wealden Southeast England

Informing Primary School Nutritional Policy: Effects of Mid-Morning Snacks on Appetite and Energy Control

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 529-537页

作者： Penny L. S. Rumbold Caroline j. dodd-Reynolds Emma j. Stevenson Department of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle UK.

The purpose of this research was to inform primary school nutritional policy by identifying which mid-morning snack would be more beneficial to consume from an appetite control perspective. During morning break 14 girls and 11 boys were provided with 160 ml of semi-skimmed milk or153 gof apple in a randomised crossover manner. Visual analogue scales were used to record hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness, immediately before and after breakfast, immediately before and after the mid-morning snack, and every 60 min until 21:00 on each day. School dinner/packed lunch energy intakes were assessed 90 min following the mid-morning snacks, in addition to evening energy intake. Children felt less hungry and could eat less when apple was consumed, however lunch and evening energy intakes were not different. Fluctuations in appetite did not translate into differences in energy intake therefore both milk and fruit should be promoted as mid-morning snacks in primary schools.

关键词： Primary School Policy Mid-Morning Snacks Milk Fruit Appetite Energy Intake

Fortification of pork loins with docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and its effect on flavour

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 106-113页

作者： William j.Meadus Tyler D Turner Michael ER Dugan j.nnifer L Aalhus Pascale Duff David Rolland Bethany Uttaro lorna L Gibson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C&E TrailLacombe T4L 1 W1AB Canada

Pork is traditionally low in docosahexanoic acid （DHA, C22：6n-3） and deficient in omega-3 fats for a balanced human diet. DHA as triglycerides was commercially prepared from the microalgae Schizochytfium and inj.cted into fresh pork loins. Treatments of a mixed brine control （CON）, 3.1% sunflower oil in mixed brine （SF） and a 3.1% DHA oil in mixed brine （DHA） were inj.cted into pork loins at 10 mL/100 g and grilled at 205℃. After cooking, the CON and SF pork loins contained 0.03 to 0.05 mg DHA/g of pork and the DHA inj.cted loins contained approximately 1.46 mg DHA/g. This also changed the fatty acid profile of omega-6：omega-3 from, 5 to 1 in the CON pork, to a ratio of 1.7 to 1 in DHA pork. The appearance, odor, oxidation rates and sensory taste, as j.dged by a trained panel, determined the DHA inj.cted meat to be, ＇slightly desirable＇ and gave lower ＇off flavour＇ scores, relative to the CON and SF inj.cted pork. Pork can be fortified with DHA oil to 146 mg/100 g serving, which would meet half the recommended daily omega 3 fatty acid requirements for adult humans and would be desirable in taste.

关键词： Docosahexaenoic acid Inj.ction marinade Pork Sensory characteristics

基于化学反应速率理论的绝缘聚合物直流老化演变的仿真研究

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高电压技术 2020年第3期46卷 832-842页

作者：左周姚陈果 DISSADO L A 高岩峰 dodd S j.CHALASHKANOV N M 重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室重庆400030 莱斯特大学工程学院莱斯特LE17RH 国网冀北电力有限公司电力科学研究院北京100045 林肯大学工程学院林肯LN67TS

直流电场作用下绝缘聚合物老化演变的仿真研究,对促进计算高电压工程学的发展有重要的理论及工程价值。为此使用MATLAB自定义编程,在二维坐标中建立有限差分老化数值模型;用绝缘薄膜的老化寿命数据所拟合的小尺寸结构单元的通用参数,表... 详细信息

直流电场作用下绝缘聚合物老化演变的仿真研究,对促进计算高电压工程学的发展有重要的理论及工程价值。为此使用MATLAB自定义编程,在二维坐标中建立有限差分老化数值模型;用绝缘薄膜的老化寿命数据所拟合的小尺寸结构单元的通用参数,表征大尺寸绝缘样品的材料不均匀性;并基于化学反应速率理论,量化计算绝缘老化过程。通过仿真发现,绝缘聚合物内部的薄弱点率先发生微小劣化,导致局部电场畸变;增强的局部电场进一步加速局部区域的老化进程,引起劣化区域的扩大与延伸;最终当局部场强达到临界值时,绝缘内部发生快速的击穿过程,并形成贯穿上下电极的细丝状导电路径,在靠近极板时由于局部电场分散性而出现分形的失效结构。该研究提出的数值仿真模型可高效、直观地反映绝缘聚合物老化过程中,从随机性局部劣化演变到确定性宏观失效的物理规律,为深入理解绝缘老化失效提供了理论参考和依据。

关键词：计算高电压工程学化学反应速率理论材料不均匀性老化击穿绝缘聚合物

A Five-stage Evolution of Earth's Phosphorus Cycle

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地质学报:英文版 2023年第5期97卷 1306-1317页

作者： j.AO Liangxuan Matthew Sdodd Thomas j.LGEO LI Chao Key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation&Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China International Center for Sedimentary Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry Research Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China School of Earth Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geosciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221U.S.A.

Phosphorus(P)is a key biological nutrient and probably the ultimate limiter of marine productivity during Earth *** recent years,a wealth of new knowledge has revolutionized our understanding of the global P cycle,yet its longterm evolution remains incompletely *** this paper,we review the effects of three maj.r controlling factors on the long-term evolution of the global P cycle,i.e.,tectonics,marine redox conditions,and bio-evolution,on the basis of which a five-stage model is proposed:StageⅠ(>~2.4 Ga),tectonic-lithogenic-controlled P cycling;StageⅡ(~2.4 Ga to 635Ma),low-efficiency biotic P cycling;StageⅢ(~635 Ma to 380 Ma),transitional biotic P cycling;StageⅣ(~380 Ma to near-modern),high-efficiency biotic P cycling;and Stage V(Anthropocene),human-influenced P *** model implies that the earlier-proposed Ediacaran reorganization of the marine P cycle may represent only the start of a-250-Myr-long transition of the Earth's P cycle(StageⅢ)between the low-efficiency biotic mode of the Proterozoic(StageⅡ)and the high-efficiency biotic mode of the Phanerozoic(StageⅣ).The development of biologically-driven,high-efficiency P cycling may have been a key factor for the increasing frequency and volume of phosphorite deposits since the late Neoproterozoic.

关键词： tectonics marine redox life evolution phosphorite Ediacaran Anthropocene

Native Aquatic Plant Establishment Efforts in a High-Herbivore, Central Texas Reservoir

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j.urnal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第12期13卷 1024-1042页

作者： Aaron N. Schad Brent j. Bellinger Lynde L. dodd j.cob Kelly Kristina Hellinghausen Gary O. Dick Samuel F. Atkinson Environmental Lab US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg MS USA Watershed Protection Austin TX USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA Univeristy of North Texas Denton TX USA

Maintaining beneficial, native plant structure and diversity while reducing invasive, nuisance species dominance is an important management domain for natural resource managers. One such vegetation component in North American lakes and reservoirs is submerged aquatic vegetation—a valuable aquatic resource which serves as productive habitat for fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and other wildlife. Reservoirs in the southern parts of the United States have experienced varying aquatic plant dominance dynamics due to historical water resource management actions, including drawdowns and introduction of herbivorous fish for the purpose of controlling invasive aquatic vegetation. Some of these management options have also been detrimental to native submerged aquatic vegetation. This paper explores an adaptive management research effort by installing herbivore-protected, fenced-pen submerged aquatic vegetation sites in a high-herbivore reservoir to determine effectiveness of protecting habitat and serving as founder colony sources for propagule spread. Four experimental sites with three management treatments each were planted with American eelgrass. Each site utilized one un-fenced treatment and two treatments with varying mesh sizes for protective fencing-pens. Site integrity, species survival and spread, and grazing were documented. One additional site was installed and planted with other native submerged aquatic vegetation species for nominal species performance descriptions. No plants survived unprotected in the high-herbivore system and plants, in general, performed consistently better within the smaller mesh size. These test planting results were ultimately used to inform adaptive management decision making for plant installation and expansion designs for managing reservoirs invested with Hydrilla, considered one of the most serious invasive aquatic plants in the United States.

关键词： Invasive Species Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Aquatic Plant Restoration Adaptive Aquatic Plant Management Herbivory Grass Carp

Germline BRCA2 variants in advanced pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma:A case report and review of literature

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2022年第45期28卷 6421-6432页

作者： Cha Len Lee Spring Holter Ayelet Borgida Anna dodd Stephanie Ramotar Robert Grant Kristy Wasson Elena Elimova Raymond W j.ng Malcolm Moore Tae Kyoung Kim Korosh Khalili Carol-Anne Moulton Steven Gallinger Grainne M O’Kane j.nnifer j.Knox Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology Wallace McCain Center for Pancreatic CancerPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreToronto M5G1Z5ONCanada Department of Medical Imaging Wallace McCain Center for Pancreatic CancerPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreToronto M5G1Z5ONCanada Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Program Wallace McCain Center for Pancreatic CancerPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreToronto M5G1Z5ONCanada

BACKGROUND Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma(PACC)is a rare *** to 45%of PACCs have alterations in the DNA damage repair pathway and 23%harbor rearrangements in the BRAF or RAF1 *** present a PACC case with a germline BRCA2 likely pathogenic variant(LPV)to highlight the impact of genomic testing on treatment decisions and patient *** our larger case series,we provide clinic-based information on additional 10 PACC patients treated in our *** SUMMARY A 70-year-old male was diagnosed with advanced *** presentation,he was cachectic with severe arthralgia despite prednisolone and a skin rash that was later confirmed to be *** was treated with modified FOLFIRINOX(mFFX)with the knowledge of the germline BRCA2 *** 11 cycles of mFFX,a computed tomography(CT)scan demonstrated significant tumor response in the pancreatic primary and hepatic metastases,totaling 70%from baseline as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid *** of the skin panniculitis was also *** identified two additional PACCs with druggable targets in our case *** data contribute to practical evidence for the value of germline and somatic profiling in the management of rare diseases like *** This patient and others in our larger case series highlight the importance of genomic testing in PACC with potential utility in personalized treatment.

关键词： Pancreatic acinar carcinoma BRCA Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitor Case report