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Geobatteries in environmental biogeochemistry: Electron transfer and utilization

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第6期22卷 38-51页

作者： Shihao Cui Rui Wang Qing Chen lorenzo pugliese Shubiao Wu Department of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityBlichers Allé208830TjeleDenmark Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

The efficiency of direct electron flow from electron donors to electron acceptors in redox reactions is significantly influenced by the spatial separation of these ***,a class of redox-active substances naturally present in soil-water systems,act as electron reservoirs,reversibly donating,storing,and accepting *** capability allows the temporal and spatial decoupling of redox half-reactions,providing a flexible electron transfer *** this review,we systematically examine the critical role of geobatteries in influencing electron transfer and utilization in environmental biogeochemical *** redox-active centers within geobatteries,such as quinone-like moieties,nitrogen-and sulfur-containing groups,and variable-valent metals,possess the potential to repeatedly charge and *** characterization techniques,ranging from qualitative methods like elemental analysis,imaging,and spectroscopy,to quantitative techniques such as chemical,spectroscopic,and electrochemical methods,have been developed to evaluate this reversible electron transfer ***,current research on the ecological and environmental significance of geobatteries extends beyond natural soil-water systems(e.g.,soil carbon cycle)to engineered systems such as water treatment(e.g.,nitrogen removal)and waste management(e.g.,anaerobic digestion).Despite these advancements,challenges such as the complexity of environmental systems,difficulties in accurately quantifying electron exchange capacity,and scaling-up issues must be addressed to fully unlock their *** review underscores both the promise and challenges associated with geobatteries in responding to environmental issues,such as climate change and pollutant transformation.

关键词： Geobattery Electron transfer Redox reactions

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Endoscopic multiple metal stenting for the treatment of enteral leaks near the biliary orifice: A novel effective rescue procedure

引用

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第15期8卷 533-540页

作者： Massimiliano Mutignani lorenzo Dioscoridi Stefanos Dokas Paolo Aseni Pietro Carnevali Edoardo Forti Raffaele Manta Mariano Sica Alberto Tringali Francesco pugliese Digestive and Interventional Endoscopy Unit Ospedale Ca’Granda Niguarda Endoscopy Department St Lukes Hospital Emergency Department Ospedale Ca’Granda Niguarda General Oncology and Mini-Invasive Surgical Unit Ospedale Ca’ Granda Niguarda

Between April 2013 and October 2015, 6 patients developed periampul ary duodenal or jejunal/biliary leaks after major abdominal surgery. In all patients, percutaneous drainage of the collection or re-operation with primary surgical repair was attempted at first but failed. A fully covered enteral metal stent was placed in all patients to seal the leak. Subsequently, we cannulated the common bile duct and, in some cases, and the main pancreatic duct inserting hydrophilic guidewires through the stent after dilating the stent mesh with a dilatation balloon or breaking the meshes with Argon Plasma Beam. Finally, we inserted a fully covered biliary metal stent to drain the bile into the lumen of the enteral stent. In cases of normal proximal upper gastrointestinal anatomy, a pancreatic plastic stent was also inserted. Oral food intake was initiated when the abdominal drain outflow stopped completely. Stent removal was scheduled four to eight weeks later after a CT scan to confirm the complete healing of the fistula and the absence of any perilesional residual fluid collection. The leak resolved in five patients. One patient died two days after the procedure due to severe, pre-existing, sepsis. The stents were removed endoscopically in four weeks in four patients. In one patient we experiencedstent migration causing small bowel obstruction. In this case, the stents were removed surgically. Four patients are still alive today. They are still under follow-up and doing well. Bilio-enteral fully covered metal stenting with or without pancreatic stenting was feasible, safe and effective in treating postoperative enteral leaks near the biliopancreatic orifice in our small series. This minimally invasive procedure can be implemented in selected patients as a rescue procedure to repair these challenging leaks.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic duct Fully covered metal stent Duodenal leak Postoperative complications Enteral leak Enteral stent Biliary stent Pancreatic stent

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