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A semi-empirical model for top-down cracking depth evolution in thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction courses

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第2期9卷 244-260页

作者： Francesco Canestrari lorenzo paolo ingrassia Amedeo Virgili Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Architettura(DICEA)UniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy

Thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction course(OGFC) are exposed to topdown cracking(TDC), a distress consisting of longitudinal cracks that initiate on the pavement surface close to the wheel path and propagate downwards. The main objective of this study is to develop a semi-empirical model for the prediction of TDC depth evolution for such pavements. For this purpose, a series of cores were taken from different Italian motorway pavements affected by TDC and analyzed in the laboratory. Cracked cores taken from the wheel path area were analyzed to determine TDC depth, whereas intact cores taken from the middle of the lane(not affected by traffic loadings) were tested to obtain the volumetric and mechanical properties of the OGFC mixture. The proposed model, developed on the basis of the results already available in literature and on the findings of the laboratory investigation, predicts the evolution of TDC depth as a function of the applied traffic loadings(in terms of 12-ton fatigue equivalent single axle loads, i.e., ESALs). The model is sigmoidal with a maximum TDC depth assumed equal to 150 mm. The shape parameter of the sigmoidal function depends on the indirect tensile strength(ITS) of the OGFC mixtures(which takes into account indirectly also the volumetrics and stiffness of the OGFC), whereas the evolutive translation factor depends on the age of the OGFC mixture. After excluding some outliers, the model was able to predict the measured TDC depth very well. Moreover, in-situ observations allowed a preliminary validation of the proposed model. This model can be used in pavement management systems(PMSs) to plan surface repairs due to TDC in a timely manner, thus minimizing pavement damage and maintenance costs.

关键词： Top-down cracking(TDC) Asphalt pavement Open-graded friction course(OGFC) Porous asphalt(PA) Pavement management system(PMS) Modelling

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A review of top-down cracking in asphalt pavements:Causes, models, experimental tools and future challenges

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第5期7卷 541-572页

作者： Francesco Canestrari lorenzo paolo ingrassia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Architettura(DICEA)Uniuersita Politecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy

In the last decades,a new type of distress has been observed more and more frequently on asphalt pavements.This distress,ascribable to fatigue failure,has been named top-down cracking(TDC) because it consists in longitudinal cracks that initiate on the pavement surface and then propagate downwards.A series of surveys recently carried out on Italian motorways highlighted that TDC can affect up to 20%-30% of the slow traffic lane.Therefore,in order to achieve a better understanding of such distress,this paper reviews causes,models and experimental tools and highlights future challenges for TDC.The literature review indicates that TDC can evolve on the pavement surface in three stages(i.e.,single crack,sister cracks,alligator cracking) and,below a certain depth,the cracks can form angles of 20°-40° with respect to the vertical plane.Even though multiple factors contribute to TDC development,thick pavements are more likely to fail due to TDC induced by tire-pavement contact stresses,especially in the presence of open-graded friction courses(OGFCs).Moreover,in literature there are several TDC models based on mechanics(e.g.,fracture mechanics or continuum damage mechanics) which allow a rigorous study of crack initiation and propagation.Future challenges include the identification of a reliable and feasible test method,among those proposed in literature,to study the TDC performance of asphalt mixtures and the implementation of TDC in pavement management systems(PMSs) through the definition of criteria for TDC recognition in the field as well as for the rehabilitation depth evaluation.Finally,more research is needed for open-graded asphalt mixtures,which present critical drawbacks in terms of TDC.

关键词： Top-down cracking Flexible pavements Fatigue Cracking model Open-graded friction course Pavement management system

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Chemical,morphological and rheological characterization of bitumen partially replaced with wood bio-oil:Towards more sustainable materials in road pavements

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第2期7卷 192-204页

作者： lorenzo paolo ingrassia Xiaohu Lu Gilda Ferrotti Francesco Canestrari Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Architettura(DICEA)Universita Politecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy Nynas AB Nynashamn SE-14982Sweden

Nowadays,sustainability and circular economy are two principles to be pursued in all fields.In road pavement engineering,they can be put into practice through the partial substitution of bitumen with industrial residues and by-products deriving from renewable materials.Within this framework,this paper presents an extensive investigation of the chemical,morphological and rheological properties of bio-binders obtained by mixing a conventional 50/70 bitumen with different percentages by weight(0,5%,10%and 15%)of a renewable bio-oil,generated as a residue in the processing of wood into pulp and paper.Results show that overall the bio-oil provides a softening effect,which,in terms of performance,leads to an improvement of the low-temperature behaviour and fatigue resistance with respect to the control bitumen,in spite of an increased tendency to permanent deformation.Although no chemical reaction appears to occur after blending,the peculiarities of the bio-oil affect the chemistry of the resulting bio-binders,whereas no phase separation is observed from the microscopic analysis.In addition,a Newtonian behaviour,an unchanged temperature susceptibility and a good fitting of 1 S2 P1 D model to the rheological data are found,regardless of the bio-oil percentage considered.These promising outcomes suggest that such bio-binders can be favourably employed for several applications in road pavements.

关键词： Road materials Bio-binders FTIR SARA 1S2P1D Sustainability

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Speckle spatial correlations aiding optical transmission matrix retrieval:the smoothed Gerchberg–Saxton single-iteration algorithm

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Photonics Research 2022年第10期10卷 2349-2358页

作者： DANIELE ANCORA lorenzo DOMINICI ANTONIO GIANFRATE paolo CAZZATO MILENA DE GIORGI DARIO BALLARINI DANIELE SANVITTO LUCA LEUZZI Department of Physics Universitàdi Roma la SapienzaPiazzale Aldo Moro 5I-00185 RomeItaly Institute of Nanotechnology Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-NANOTEC)Via MonteroniI-73100 LecceItaly Institute of Nanotechnology Soft and Living Matter LaboratoryConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-NANOTEC)Piazzale Aldo Moro 5I-00185 RomeItaly

The estimation of the transmission matrix of a disordered medium is a challenging problem in disordered photonics.Usually,its reconstruction relies on a complex inversion that aims at connecting a fully controlled input to the deterministic interference of the light field scrambled by the device.At the moment,iterative phase retrieval protocols provide the fastest reconstructing frameworks,converging in a few tens of iterations.Exploiting the knowledge of speckle correlations,we construct a new phase retrieval algorithm that reduces the computational cost to a single iteration.Besides being faster,our method is practical because it accepts fewer measurements than state-of-the-art protocols.Thanks to reducing computation time by one order of magnitude,our result can be a step forward toward real-time optical imaging that exploits disordered devices.

关键词： optical matrix algorithm

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Equalization of a 10 Gbps IMDD signal by a small silicon photonics time delayed neural network

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Photonics Research 2023年第5期11卷 878-886页

作者： EMILIANO STAFFOLI MATTIA MANCINELLI paolo BETTOTTI lorenzo PAVESI Nanoscience Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of Trento38123 TrentoItaly

A small 4-channel time-delayed complex perceptron is used as a silicon photonic neural network(PNN)device to compensate for chromatic dispersion in optical fiber links.The PNN device is experimentally tested with nonreturn-to-zero optical signals at 10 Gbps after propagation through up to 125 km optical fiber link.During the learning phase,a separation-loss function is optimized in order to maximally separate the transmitted levels of 0s from the 1s,which implies an optimization of the bit-error-rate.Testing of the PNN device shows that the excess losses introduced by the PNN device are compensated by the gain in the transmitted signal equalization for a link longer than 100 km.The measured data are reproduced by a model that accounts for the optical link and the PNN device.This allows simulating the network performances for higher data rates,where the device shows improvement with respect to the benchmark both in terms of performance and ease of use.

关键词： network signal neural

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ISWI ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleoplasmic u-speckles in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第2期44卷 85-94页

作者： Luca Lo Piccolo Andrea Attardi Rosa Bonaccorso lorenzo Li Greci Giorgio Giurato Antonia Maria Rita ingrassia Maria Cristina Onorati STEBICEF Department University of Palermo Kyoto Institute of Technology Neuroimmunology Unit of San Raffaele Hospital Turku Center for Biotechnology University of Turku Genomix4Life Srl University of Salerno Baronissi Campus

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins（hn RNPs） belong to the RNA-binding proteins family. They are involved in processing heterogeneous nuclear RNAs（hn RNAs） into mature m RNAs. These proteins participate in every step of m RNA cycle, such as m RNA export, localization, translation, stability and alternative splicing. At least 14 major hn RNPs, which have structural and functional homologues in mammals, are expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. Until now, six of these hn RNPs are known to be nucleus-localized and associated with the long non-coding RNA（lnc RNA） heat shock responsive u（hsru）in the omega speckle compartments（u-speckles）. The chromatin remodeler ISWI is the catalytic subunit of several ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes, and it is an essential factor for organization of u-speckles. Indeed, in ISWI null mutant, severe defects in u-speckles structure are detectable. Here, we clarify the role of ISWI in the hn RNPs-hsru interaction. Moreover, we describe how ISWI by its remodeling activity, controls hsru and hn RNPs engagement in u-speckles. Finally, we demonstrate that the sequestration of hn RNPs in u-speckles nuclear compartment is a fundamental event in gene expression control and represents a key step in the regulation of several pathways.

关键词： Omega speckles hnRNPs lncRNA Nuclear body Chromatin remodelers

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Classifying Cardiac Anomalies in Right and Left Isomerism:Concordant and Discordant Patterns

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第1期18卷 97-111页

作者： Lilia Oreto Giuseppe Mandraffino paolo Ciliberti Teresa P.Santangelo Placido Romeo Antonio Celona Placido Gitto lorenzo Galletti Fiore S.Iorio Alfredo Di Pino Aurelio Secinaro paolo Guccione Robert H.Anderson Salvatore Agati Mediterranean Pediatric Cardiology Center Bambino GesùChildren’s HospitalVia SirinaTaorminaItaly Internal Medicine Unit Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Bambino GesùChildren’s HospitalRomaItaly Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit Department of ImagingBambino GesùChildren’s HospitalRomaItaly Radiology Department S.Vincenzo HospitalTaorminaItaly Biosciences Institute Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK

Aims:Evidence is emerging that,in the setting of isomerism,the atrial and bronchial arrangement are not always concordant,nor are these patterns always harmonious with the arrangement of the abdominal organs.We aimed to evaluate the concordance between these features in a cohort of patients with cardiac malformations in the setting of known isomerism,seeking to determine whether it was feasible to assess complexity on this basis,in this regard taking note of the potential value of bronchial as opposed to appendage morphology.Methods and Results:We studied 78 patients known to have isomerism of the bronchuses,43 with right and 35 with left isomerism.Appendage anatomy could be determined in 49 cases(63%),all but one of these being concordant with bronchial anatomy.When assessing abdominal features,in only 59 cases(76%)was splenic morphology in keeping with the thoracic findings.As expected,right isomerism was associated with greater complexity of cardiac malformations,with an odds ratio of 6.53,with confidence intervals from 2.2–19.3(p<0.001).The odds were slightly decreased with thoraco-abdominal disharmony,when lesions shown to carry higher risk were then found in the setting of left isomerism.Conclusion:Harmony is excellent between bronchial and appendage isomerism,but less so with the arrangement of the abdominal organs.Right isomerism in our cohort,was indicative of a sixfold increase in intracardiac complexity.When discordance was found between the systems,however,the cardiac anomalies were less typical of the anticipated findings for right vs.left isomerism of the appendages.

关键词： Isomerism asplenia polysplenia congenital heart disease bronchial isomerism atrial appendages

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Efficacy and safety of low-intensity shockwave therapy plus tadalafil 5 mg once daily in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and erectile dysfunction:a matched-pair comparison study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第4期22卷 379-382页

作者： paolo Verze Marco Capece Massimiliano Creta Roberto La Rocca Francesco Persico lorenzo Spirito Antonio Cardi Vincenzo Mirone Department of Neurosciences Reproductive Sciences and OdontostomatologyUniversity of Naples“Federico II”Naples 80131Italy Department of Urology San Giovanni Addolorata HospitalRome 00184Italy

Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy(LiESWT)represents a promising treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction(ED).We investigated the efficacy of LiESWT combined with tadalafil 5 mg once daily in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and ED and compared LiESWT protocols administering different number of shockwaves.We performed a retrospective matched-pair comparison using data from a prospectively maintained database.Seventy-eight patients who received tadalafil 5 mg once dai7ly for 12 weeks+LiESWT performed with an electrohydraulic source for 3 weeks(Group A)were matched 1:1 to patients who received tadalafil 5 mg once daily alone for 12 weeks(Group B).A subgroup analysis was performed according to the number of shockwaves delivered during each session(1500,1800,and 2400 in subgroup A1,A2,and A3,respectively).The mean International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)score variations with respect to baseline recorded at 4,12,and 24 weeks after the end of the treatment were investigated as treatment outcomes.The mean IIEF-5 scores significantly improved in all groups and subgroups at 4-week follow-up without intergroup differences.At 12-and 24-week follow-up,the mean IIEF-5 improvement was significantly higher among patients in the A3 subgroup(+5.0±2.1[P<0.001]and+4.7±2.3[P<0.001],respectively).The combined approach with tadalafil 5 mg once daily and LiESWT with a protocol involving 2400 shockwaves provides significant advantages in terms of IIEF-5 improvement and durability compared to tadalafil 5 mg once daily alone in patients with T2DM and ED.

关键词： diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction low-intensity shockwave therapy tadalafil

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One step minilaparotomy-assisted transmesenteric portal vein recanalization combined with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement: A novel surgical proposal in pediatrics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第15期23卷 2811-2818页

作者： Gloria Pelizzo Pietro Quaretti lorenzo paolo Moramarco Riccardo Corti Marcello Maestri Giulio Iacob Valeria Calcaterra Department of Clinical SurgicalDiagnostic and Pediatric SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pediatric Surgery Unit Ospedale dei Bambini“G.di Cristina”Istituto Mediterraneo di Eccellenza Pediatrica Unit of Interventional Radiology Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Radiology Department IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation Department of Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation Pediatric Unit Department of Maternal and Children's HealthFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pavia

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) placement is a standard procedure for the treatment of portal hypertension complications. When this conventional approach is not feasible, alternative procedures for systemic diversion of portal blood have been proposed. A one-step interventional approach, combining minilaparotomy-assisted transmesenteric(MAT) antegrade portal recanalization and TIPS, is described in an adolescent with recurrent esophageal varice bleeding and portal cavernoma(PC). A 16-yearold girl was admitted to our Unit because of repeated bleeding episodes over a short period of time due to esophageal varices in the context of a PC. A portal vein recanalization through an ileocolic vein isolation with the MAT approach followed by TIPS during the same session was performed. In the case of failed portal recanalization, this approach, would also be useful for varice endovascular embolization. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Treatment consisting of propanolol, enoxaparin and a proton pump inhibitor was prescribed after the procedure. One month post-op, contrast enhanced computed tomography confirmed the patency of the portal and intrahepatic stent grafts. No residual peritoneal fluid was detected nor opacification of the large varices. Endoscopy showed good improvement of the varices. Doppler ultrasound confirmed the accelerated flow in the portal stent and hepatopetal flow inside the intrahepatic portal branches. Three months post-op, TIPS maintained its hourglass shape despite a slight expansion. Portal hypertension and life threatening conditions related to PC would benefit from one-step portal recanalization. MAT-TIPS is feasible and safe for the treatment of PC even in children. This minimally invasive procedure avoids or delays surgical treatment or re-transplantation when necessary in pediatric patients.

关键词：门 cavernoma 儿科 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic 分流帮助 Minilaparotomy 的 transmesenteric

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Cell proliferation of esophageal squamous epithelium in erosive and non-erosive reflux disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第40期17卷 4496-4502页

作者： Carlo Calabrese lorenzo Montanaro Giuseppina Liguori Elisa Brighenti Mauela Vici paolo Gionchetti Fernando Rizzello Massimo Campieri Massimo Derenzini Davide Trerè Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bologna 40138 Bologna Italy Department of Experimental Pathology University of Bologna 40138 Bologna Italy Clinical Department Radiological and Histocytopathological Sciences University of Bologna 40138 Bologna Italy

AIM:To elucidate cell proliferation in erosive reflux disease (ERD) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), we evaluated markers in squamous epithelial cells. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive patients with gas-troesophageal-reflux-disease-related symptoms (21 NERD and 13 ERD) were evaluated for the enrolment into the study. All patients underwent 24-h pH monitoring, standard endoscopy, and biopsy for histological evaluation. The expression of cyclins D and A was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from isolated epithelial cells. In all samples, analysis of the isolated cell population revealed the presence of epithelial cells only. RESULTS:Real-time RT-PCR showed that, in patients with ERD, the relative expression of cyclin D1 mRNA in esophageal epithelium was strongly decreased in comparison with NERD patients. The mean value of relative expression of cyclin D1 mRNA in NERD patients was 3.44 ± 1.9, whereas in ERD patients, it was 1.32 ± 0.87 (P = 0.011). Real-time RT-PCR showed that, in patients with ERD, relative expression of cyclin A mRNA in esophageal epithelium was decreased in comparison with that in NERD patients (2.31 ± 2.87 vs 0.66 ± 1.11). The mean bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in the NERD patients was 5.42% ± 1.68%, whereas in ERD patients, it was 4.3% ± 1.59%. CONCLUSION:We confirmed reduced epithelial pro- liferation in ERD compared with NERD patients, and that individuals who develop ERD are characterized by weaker epithelial cell proliferation.

关键词：上皮细胞细胞增殖食管糜烂细胞周期蛋白D1 反流逆转录聚合酶链反应 PCR技术

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