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中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志 2018年第5期12卷 555-564页

作者： lorenzo cecchi Gennaro D Amato Isabella Annesi-Maesano 高楠楠(翻译) 王俊(翻译) 刘鹏徐凯峰(审校) 不详中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院、北京协和医院呼吸与危重症医学科中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院、北京协和医院中心实验室

变态反应是由多种遗传和环境因素相互作用导致的复杂疾病。然而,过去几十年间变态反应发生率的增加是由同期的环境变化所致。目前,研究者认为变态反应性疾病的发生、发展和恶化都可通过暴露组学加以解释,即从妊娠开始个体所接受的特异... 详细信息

变态反应是由多种遗传和环境因素相互作用导致的复杂疾病。然而,过去几十年间变态反应发生率的增加是由同期的环境变化所致。目前,研究者认为变态反应性疾病的发生、发展和恶化都可通过暴露组学加以解释,即从妊娠开始个体所接受的特异性和非特异性外部环境的暴露总量(外暴露组)及其对器官和细胞水平的影响(内暴露组)。在研究最深入的外暴露环境因素中,室内和室外空气变应原和空气污染物在变应原的炎性反应发病机制和变态反应性疾病的临床表现中发挥关键作用。气候变化、城市化和生物多样性的丧失会对主要的空气变应原和空气污染物的来源、排放和浓度造成影响,这将是现今和未来数十年变态反应患者的健康和生活质量所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。雷暴相关性哮喘是一个由多种环境因素作用引起的变态反应的生动例子,也可作为了解呼吸道过敏发病机制的体内模型。环境或生活方式引起的肠道和皮肤微生物组异常是变态反应性疾病的关键介质。更好地了解外暴露组对变态反应发展的影响对于敦促患者、卫生专业人员和政策制定者采取行动以减轻环境变化的影响,并适应环境变化具有重要意义。

关键词：空气变应原空气污染气道高反应变应原哮喘变应性皮炎生物污染物气候改变生物多样性外暴露组微生物组鼻炎雷暴

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The Tenchini's collection:a forensic anthropometric legacy of 19th century Parma, Italy

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 82-87页

作者： Laura Donato Roberto Toni Alessandro Porro Marco Vitale Fulvio Barbaro Rossana cecchi Department of Medicine and Surgery Section of Forensic PathologyUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly Department of Medicine and Surgery Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine(BIOMED)and Section of Human AnatomyUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly Department of Clinical and Community Sciences University of MilanMilanItaly Department of Medicine and Surgery Section of Human AnatomyUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly

A group of 19th century inmates dead in the prison of Parma are the protagonist of an incredible scientific collection. lorenzo Tenchini started the creation of this collection and dedicated his work and his studies to its completeness. Anatomist and academic, lorenzo Tenchini (1852–1906) dedicated his scientific studies to macroscopic anatomy, particularly about central nervous system and its correlation with psychic function. In 1881 he became ordinary professor in Normal Human Anatomy at the University of Parma dedicating himself to the study of the anatomical organization of the brain and psychic and social disturbs. During the study of the skulls and brains of psychotic patients and the deformations of skulls belonging to patients admitted in the Hospital of Brescia, he started a collaboration with Alessandro Cugini (1829–1913), founder of the Institute of Legal Medicine at the University of Parma. Tenchini realized an anatomical collection, preserved today in the Museum of Biomedicine of the University of Parma. This collection represents the master-piece of his research carried out during his academic activity and still a unicum in the west-ern world, as there are no similar collection assembling such a multidisciplinary information. The peculiarity of this collection is due not only to the scientific interest of the anatomic samples and their full clinical documentation, but also to the methods employed in order to realize it. At the end of the 19th century, as a student of Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), Tenchini based his work on the study of the face, the skull and brain of each dead inmate of Parma's prison or Colorno's mental hospital. These individuals as protagonists of Tenchini's collection, leave a legacy identifiable as scientific heritage. Their skulls and brains, the reproduction of their faces through ceroplastic and other anatomical samples treated with other techniques, are accompanied by an autoptic and psychiatric full documentation, allowing t

关键词： Anatomical collection death mask forensic sciences inmates multidisciplinary Parma

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