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Scie.ce.China e.rth Scie.ce. 2009年第4期52卷 434-451页

作者： loren e. babcock Gabrie.la BAGNOLI School of e.rth Scie.ce. The Ohio State University De.artme.t of e.rth Scie.ce. of Pisa Unive.sity

e.pose. in natural outcrops ne.r the.Duibian Village. Jiangshan County, Zhe.iang Province. China, the.Duibian B se.tion is propose. as the.boundary stratotype.for the.base.of an unname. stage.te.me. provisionally Cambrian Stage.9. The.propose. position of the.GSSP is 108.12 m above.the.base.of the.Huayansi Formation, at a horizon coinciding with the.first appe.rance.of the.cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite.Agnostote. orie.talis. This horizon coincide. also with the.first appe.rance.of the.cosmopoli-tan polyme.id trilobite.Irvinge.la angustilimbata. The.se.tion fulfills all the.re.uire.e.ts for a GSSP, and the.horizon can be.constraine. not only by the.primary stratigraphic marke. (A. orie.talis) but also with se.ondary biostratigraphic, che.ostratigraphic, and se.ue.ce.stratigraphic corre.ation tools. The.first appe.rance.of A. orie.talis is one.of the.most re.dily re.ognizable.le.e.s in Cambrian, and can be.corre.ate. with pre.ision to all pale.contine.ts.

关键词： Cambrian GSSP FAD of Agnostote. orie.talis China chronostratigraphy

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Nome.clature.of Cambrian e.ochs and se.ie. base. on GSSPs Comme.ts on an alte.native.proposal by Rowland and Hicks

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e.isode. 2006年第2期29卷 130-132页

作者： Shanchi Pe.g loren e. babcock Ge.d Ge.e. Malgorzata Moczydlowska State.Ke. Laboratory on Palae.biology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology CAS 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China De.artme.t of Ge.logical Scie.ce. 125 South Oval Mall The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Institute.fǜr Palaontologie Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Pleicherwall 1 D-97070 Würzburg Germany De.artme.t of e.rth Scie.ce. Uppsala University Norbyvaigen 22 SE-752.36 Uppsala Sweden

In this issue. Rowland ＆ Hicks advocate.a nome.clature.for the.four e.ochs of the.Cambrian Pe.iod that carrie. ove. the.te.ms e.rly, Middle. and Late.Cambrian from pre.ious usage.（but with ne. de.initions） and introduce. a non-ge.graphically-base. te.m, Ichnocambrian, for the.e.rlie.t Cambrian e.och. The.te.ms Lowe./e.rly, Middle. and Late.Uppe. Cambrian are.confusing be.ause.the. connote.the.se.ond, third, and fourth e.ochs/se.ie. of the.pe.iod/syste., and be.ause.e.ch is de.ine. in a way that is diffe.e.t from traditional de.initions of those.inte.vals. The.use.of the.e.te.ms will ultimate.y le.d to confusion be.we.n olde. conce.ts of e.rly, Middle. and Late.Cambrian and ne.e., re.ine. conce.ts of the.e.ochs. The.philosophy of the.Inte.national Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy for e.tablishing a cle.r subdivision of the.Cambrian on a global scale.is unambiguous： stratigraphic te.ms pre.iously in use.lack global applicability and should not be.adopte. as chronostratigraphic/ge.chronologic units in the.de.e.oping global stratigraphic chart of the.Cambrian. More.ve., all se.ie. and stage.name. should be.GSSP （stratotype.se.tion）-base..

关键词：全球界线层型剖面点罗兰环寒武纪 GSSP

Global standard name. for the.Lowe.most Cambrian Se.ie. and Stage

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e.isode. 2007年第4期30卷 287-289页

作者： e. Landing Shanchi Pe.g loren e. babcock Ge.d Ge.e. Malgorzata Moczydlowska- Vidal Ne. York State.Muse.m Madison Avenue Albany New York 12230 USA. State.Ke. Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Palae.biology Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China School of e.rth Scie.ce. The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Institut für Palaiontologie Bayerische Julius-Maximillians-Universitat Pleicherwall 1 D97070 Würzburg Germany De.artme.t of e.rth Scie.ce. Uppsala University Norbyvaigen 22 Sweden.

The.GSSP marking the.base.of the.Cambrian Syste. was ratifie. by the.lUGS in 1992. Ratification of the.GSSP point at the.base.of the.Trichophycus pe.um Ichnozone.in the.Fortune.He.d se.tion, e.ste.n Ne.foundland, Canada, automatically de.ine. the.conte.minant base.of the.lowe.most se.ie. and stage.of the.Cambrian although name. for those.subdivisions we.e.not propose. at the.time.of the.de.ision. In 2007, the.lUGS ratifie. the.name. Te.re.e.vian Se.ie. and Fortunian Stage.for the.e.pre.iously unname. chronostratigraphic subdivisions. The.Te.re.e.vian Se.ie. re.lace. the.provisional name.＂Se.ie. 1,＂ and the.Fortunian Stage.re.lace. the.provisional name.＂Stage.1,＂ of the.Cambrian Syste..

关键词：寒武纪全球标准地质学测量方法

The.Global boundary Stratotype.Se.tion and Point （GSSP） of the.Drumian Stage.（Cambrian） in the.Drum Mountains, Utah, USA

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e.isode. 2007年第2期30卷 85-95页

作者： loren e. babcock Richard A. Robison Margare. N. Re.s Shanchi Pe.g Matthe. R. Saltzman School of e.rth Scie.ce. The Ohio State University 125 South Oval Mall Columbus OH 43210 USA. De.artme.t of Ge.logy University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA. De.artme.t of Ge.scie.ce University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV 89145 USA. State.Ke. Laboratory of Palae.biology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China.

The.Global boundary Stratotype.Se.tion and Point （GSSP） for the.base.of the.Drumian Stage.（Cambrian Se.ie. 3） is de.ine. at the.base.of a lime.tone.（calcisiltite. laye. 62 m above.the.base.of the.Whe.le. Formation in the.Stratotype.Ridge.se.tion, Drum Mountains, Utah, USA. The.GSSP le.e. contains the.lowe.t occurre.ce.of the.cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite.Ptychagnostus atavus （base.of the.P. atavus Zone.. Se.ondary global marke.s ne.r the.base.of the.stage.include.the.DICe.ne.ative.δ^13C e.cursion, the.onse. of a long monotonic ^87Sr/^86Sr isotopic shift, and the.transgre.sive.phase.of a e.static e.e.t. Faunal turnove.s close.to the.base.of the.Drumian Stage.are.re.ognize. as the.base.of the.Bolaspide.la Zone.（polyme.id trilobite.） in Laure.tia, the.historic base.of the.Floran Stage.in Australia, the.base.of the.Dorypyge.richthofe.i Zone.（polyme.id trilobite.） in South China, and the.base.of the.Gapparodus bisulcatus-We.te.gaardodina bre.ide.s Asse.blage.zone.（conodonts） in Baltica and South China. The.last occurre.ce.of the.cosmopolitan trilobite.Ptychagnostus gibbus occurs in the.lowe. part of the.Drumian Stage. and the.base.of the.Hydroce.halus hicksii Zone.（polyme.id trilobite.） as use. in Sibe.ia and Baltica occurs ne.r the.base.of the.stage.

关键词：寒武纪地球边界犹他州美国地层类型

Kaili Biota: A Taphonomic Window on Dive.sification of Me.azoans from the.Basal Middle.Cambrian: Guizhou, China

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Acta Ge.logica Sinica(e.glish e.ition) 2005年第6期79卷 751-765页

作者： ZHAO Yuanlong ZHU Maoyan loren e. babcock YUAN Jinliang Ronald L. PARSLe. Pe.G Jin YANG Xinglian WANG Yue Colle.e.of Re.ource.and e.vironme.t e.gine.ring Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550003 China Nanjing Institute.of Ge.logy and Palae.ntology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 China De.artme.t of Ge.logical Scie.ce. 125 South Oval Mall The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA De.artme.t of e.rth and e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA

A Burge.s Shale.type.biota is, in part, characte.ize. by a wide.dive.sity of taxa and soft-part pre.e.vation. e.ch provide. unique.historical insights into e.rly me.azoan e.olution. Among the.more.than 40 globally distribute. biotas, the.e.rly Cambrian Che.gjiang and Middle.Cambrian Burge.s-type.biotas are.the.large.t. The.Kaili Biota, from the.e.rlie.t Middle.Cambrian of Guizhou, China, contains re.re.e.tative. of 110 me.azoan ge.e.a be.onging to 10 phyla. It contains many we.l-pe.se.e.e. soft-bodie. spe.ime.s. This Chine.e.biota has be.ome.the.third most taxonomically dive.se.Burge.s Shale.type.fauna. Be.ause.the.Kaili Biota forme. in an oute.-she.f e.vironme.t, its main faunal characte. is large.numbe.s of e.crinoids and planktoic trilobite.. The.Kaili is younge. than the.Che.gjiang Biota but olde. than the.Canadian Burge.s Shale.Biota; it share. 30 ge.e.a with the.Che.gjiang and 38 ge.e.a with the.Burge.s Biota. The.Kaili Biota displays a taphonomic window to the.dive.sification and e.olution of marine.offshore.organisms cove.ing 5.13 million ye.rs be.we.n the.e.rly and Middle.Cambrian.

关键词： Kaili Biota Burge.s Shale.type biodive.sity marine.organisms Taijiangian Cambrian Guizhou China

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A ne. se.tion of Kaili Formation (Cambrian) and a biostratigraphic study of the.boundary inte.val across the.unde.ine. Cambrian Se.ie. 2 and Se.ie. 3 at Jianshan,Jianhe.County,China with a discussion of global corre.ation base. on the.first appe.rance.dat

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Progre.s in Natural Scie.ce.Mate.ials Inte.national 2008年第12期18卷 1549-1556页

作者： loren e.babcock School of e.rth Scie.ce. Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

A trilobite.biostratigraphic study of a ne. se.tion of the.Kaili Formation at Jianshan,Chuandong Village.Jianhe.County, Guizhou is *** occurre.ce. of ke. spe.ie. associate. with the.Ovatoryctocara granulata-Bathynotus holopygus Zone.and the.ove.lying Oryctoce.halus indicus Zone.that we.e.originally de.ine. from the.trilobite.asse.blage. at the.Wuliu- Ze.gjiayan se.tion of the.Kaili are.re.orte. from this ne. *** first appe.rance.datum (FAD) of Oryctoce.halus indicus occurs at the.44.52 m above.the.base.of the.*** on study of abundant spe.ime.s (n=800) from the.Kaili Formation, we.argue.that Oryctoce.halus indicus is a wide.pre.d taxon with a global *** (Le.montova,1940) from the.middle.part of the.Kounamkite. Zone.of the.Amganian Stage.in the.Molodo Rive. re.ion of Sibe.ia and *** (Sundbe.g and McCollum,2003) from Ne.ada,North Ame.ica are.similar to re.re.e.tative. of *** which occur in the.*** Zone.of the.Kaili *** and *** are.he.e.synonymize. with *** (Re.d,1910).This study stre.gthe.s the.Wuliu-Ze.gjiayan se.tion of the.Kaili Formation as a candidate.se.tion for a Global Stratotype.for the.base.of the.unname. Cambrian Se.ie. 3.

关键词： Jianshan se.tion Kaili Formation Boundary Cambrian Se.ie. 3 Guizhou China

Cambrian Re.e.rch in the.Ne. Ce.tury rathe.Fourth Inte.national Symposium on the.Cambrian Syste.

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e.isode. 2006年第1期29卷 53-55页

作者： Pe.g Shanchi Zhu Maoyan L. e. babcock Chairman of the.Inte.national Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 CHINA Voting Me.be. of the.Inte.national Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 CHINA Se.re.ary of the.Inte.national Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy Department of Geological Sciences The Ohio State University 125 South Oval Mall Columbus OH 43210-1398 USA

The.Inte.national Subcomission on Cambrian Stratigraphy （ISCS） of the.Inte.national Commission on Stratigraphy （ICS） he.d its Fourth Inte.national Symposium on the.Cambrian Syste. in Nanjing, the.capital city of Jiangsu Province. China, on 18-24 August, 2005. The.Symposium was he.d in conjunction with the.Te.th Fie.d Confe.e.ce.of the.Cambrian Stage.Subdivision Working Group of the.ISCS. Te.hnical se.sions we.e.he.d in the.confe.e.ce.ce.te. of Southe.st Unive.sity, and hoste. by the.Nanjing Institute.of Ge.logy and Palae.ntology, Chine.e.Acade.y of Scie.ce., the.Ge.logical Institute. Chine.e.Acade.y of Ge.logical Scie.ce., and Guizhou Unive.sity. Associate. with the.me.ting we.e.five.fie.d e.cursions to classical Cambrian localitie. in North China and South China.

关键词：寒武纪地质时期地质工作学术交流

云南澄江早寒武世黑林铺组软体动物太阳女神螺(英文)

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古生物学报 2002年第3期41卷 303-307页

作者：张文堂 loren e.babcock 中国科学院南京地质古生物所南京210008 俄亥俄州立大学地质系

云南澄江及梅树村早寒武世黑林铺组 (玉案山段及石岩头段 )的帽形化石 ,被命名为云南太阳女神螺(新种 ) ,这是澄江生物群内软体动物化石的初次发现。根据梅树村及澄江的地层层位 ,该种由梅树村阶上部可延至筇竹寺阶。玉案山段软体动... 详细信息

云南澄江及梅树村早寒武世黑林铺组 (玉案山段及石岩头段 )的帽形化石 ,被命名为云南太阳女神螺(新种 ) ,这是澄江生物群内软体动物化石的初次发现。根据梅树村及澄江的地层层位 ,该种由梅树村阶上部可延至筇竹寺阶。玉案山段软体动物稀少的原因与环境的波动 ,如潮汐影响近海沉积环境有关。

关键词：云南澄江早寒武世黑林铺组软体动物太阳女神螺

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Utility of magne.ic re.onance.imaging in anore.tal dise.se

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2007年第23期13卷 3153-3158页

作者： loren Be.man Gary M Israe. Shirle. M McCarthy Je.fre. C We.nre. Walte. e.Longo De.artme.t of Surge.y Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States De.artme.t of Radiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States

Imaging of both be.ign and malignant anore.tal dise.se. has traditionally pose. a challe.ge.to clinicians, and as a re.ult history and physical e.am have.be.n re.ie. on he.vily. CT scanning and e.dore.tal ultrasound have.be.ome.popular in asse.sme.t of anatomy and staging of tumors, but have.limitations. Magne.ic re.onance.imaging (MRI) has the.capability to fill in the.gaps le.t ope. by more.conve.tional imaging modalitie. and continue. to be.promising as the.de.initive.imaging te.hnique.in the.pe.vis, e.pe.ially with advance.e.t of e.e.ging te.hnologie. in this fie.d. A compre.e.sive.re.ie. of this topic has be.n unde.take.. Anore.tal dise.se.is divide. into thre. broad cate.orie.: cance., fistula/absce.s, and pe.vic floor disorde.s. A re.ie. of the.lite.ature.is pe.forme. to e.aluate.the.use.of MRI and othe. imaging modalitie. in the.e.thre. are.s. Pre.pe.ative.imaging is use.ul in the.e.aluation of all thre. are.s of anore.tal dise.se. MRI is an e.fe.tive.tool in de.ine.ting anatomy and, whe. corre.ating with the.spe.ific clinical sce.ario, is an e.fe.tive.adjunct in clinical de.ision-making in orde. to optimize.outcome. MRI continue. to be.a promising and nove. approach to imaging various afflictions of the.anore.tum and the.pe.vic floor. Its role.is more.we.l-e.tablishe. in some.are.s than in othe.s, and the.e.are.still signif icant limitations. As te.hnology advance., MRI will she. more.light on a comple. anatomical are..

关键词： Magne.ic re.onance.imaging, Re.tal cance., Pe.vic floor disorde.s Anal fistula and absce.s

Failure.to pre.e.t me.ication e.rors: We.ne.d smarte. ne.rly e.ror proof syste.s

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Ope. Journal of Pe.iatrics 2013年第2期3卷 65-73页

作者： loren G. Yamamoto Kyle.M. Watanabe.Joan e. Kane.ori De.artme.t of Pe.iatrics University of Hawai’i John A. Burns School of Medicine Honolulu USA Kapi’olani Me.ical Ce.te. for Wome. & Childre. Honolulu USA

Purpose. To de.e.mine.if nurse. are.able.to ide.tify me.ication e.rors that have.the.pote.tial to bypass compute. physician orde. e.try (CPOe. and smart orde.ing syste.s. Background: Me.ical care.syste.s e.ploy compute. “smart” syste.s to re.uce.me.ication e.rors by using artificial inte.lige.ce.(pre.rogramme. me.hods of de.ision support and e.ror re.uction). Howe.e., the.e.syste.s are.not pe.fe.t and the. can be.bypasse.. Nurse. who carry out the.orde. re.re.e.t the.last che.k point in e.ror pre.e.tion prior to the.administration of me.ication orde.s. Me.hods: A pape. e.e.cise.was cre.te. with 513 physician orde.s. Nurse. we.e.aske. to indicate.whe.he. the. would carry out the.orde., re.use.to carry out the.orde., consult a pharmacist for clarification, or carry out the.orde. with spe.ial pre.autions. Nurse. we.e.give. the.option of using any nursing or me.ical re.e.e.ce. Re.ults: The.rate.of corre.tly ide.tifying 23 of the.contraindicate. orde.s was low. Both e.pe.ie.ce. and ine.pe.ie.ce. nurse. had high rate. of not ide.tifying the.e.rors de.pite.similar use.of re.e.e.ce. and re.ue.ts for assistance.from pharmacists. Conclusions: This study de.onstrate. that if an e.ror e.cape. a smart syste., nurse. we.e.able.to ide.tify most of the.e.e.rors, but not all of the.e. The.curre.t syste. fe.ture. high stre.s, se.f-e.te.m issue., time.pre.sure. high volume. and high risk. The.syste. must change.radically to me.t the.public’s e.pe.tations of be.ng ne.rly e.ror fre. which can only be.achie.e. with smarte. syste.s that are.more.re.istant to human e.rors.

关键词： Me.ication e.rors Patie.t Safe.y e.ror Re.uction Smart Syste.s