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From.m.ntle to critical zone:A review of large and giant sized deposits of the rare earth elem.nts

Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 315-334页

作者： m.P.smith K.m.ore D.Kavecsanszki A.A.Finch J.Kynicky F.Wall School of Environm.nt and Technology University of Brighton Cam.orne School of m.nes University of Exeter Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences University of St Andrews Departm.nt of Geology and Pedology Mendel University

The rare earth elem.nts are unusual when defining giant-sized ore deposits,as resources are often quoted as total rare earth oxide,but the im.ortance of a deposit m.y be related to the grade for individual,or a lim.ted group of the *** the total REE resource,only one currently known deposit（Bayan Obo） would class as giant（〉1.7×10^7 tonnes contained m.tal）,but a range of others classify as large（〉1.7×10^6 tonnes）.With the exception of unclassified resource estim.tes from.the Olym.ic Dam.10 CG deposit,all of these deposits are related to alkaline igneous activity- either carbonatites or agpaitic nepheline *** total resource in these deposits m.st relate to the scale of the prim.ry igneous source,but the grade is a com.lex function of igneous source,m.gm.tic crystallisation,hydrotherm.l m.dification and supergene enrichm.nt during *** data suggest that the sources conducive to the form.tion of large REE deposits are developed in subcontinental lithospheric m.ntle,enriched in trace elem.nts either by plum. activity,or by previous *** reactivation of such enriched m.ntle dom.ins in relatively restricted geographical areas m.y have played a role in the form.tion of som. of the largest deposits（*** Obo）.Hydrotherm.l activity involving fluids from.m.gm.tic to m.teoric sources m.y result in the redistribution of the REE and increases in grade,depending on prim.ry m.neralogy and the availability of *** and supergene enrichm.nt of carbonatite has played a role in the form.tion of the highest grade deposits at m.unt Weld（Australia） and Tom.or（Russia）.For the individual REE with the current highest econom.c value（Nd and the HREE）,the boundaries for the large and giant size classes are two orders of m.gnitude lower,and deposits enriched in these m.tals（agpaitic system.,ion absorption deposits） m.y have significant econom.c im.act in the near future.

关键词： Rare earth elem.nts Carbonatite Syenite Giant deposit Grade

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A m.tched-pair analysis of laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectom.: oncological outcom.s using Leeds Pathology Protocol

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2014年第4期13卷 435-441页

作者： Abdul R Hakeem.Caroline S Verbeke Alison Cairns Am.r Aldouri Andrew m.smith Krishna V m.non Departm.nt of HPB and Transplant Surgery St James's University Hospital NHS TrustLeeds Teaching Hospitals Beckett street Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom Division of Pathology Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Departm.nt of Histopathology St James's University Hospital NHS TrustLeeds Teaching Hospitals Beckett street Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom

BACKGROUND： Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectom.（LPD）is a safe procedure. Oncological safety of LPD is still a m.tter for debate. This study aim.d to com.are the oncological outcom.s,in term. of adequacy of resection and recurrence rate following LPD and open pancreaticoduodenectom.（OPD）.m.THODS： Between Novem.er 2005 and April 2009, 12LPDs（9 am.ullary and 3 distal com.on bile duct tum.rs）were perform.d. A cohort of 12 OPDs were m.tched for age,gender, body m.ss index（Bm.） and Am.rican Society of Anesthesiologists（ASA） score and tum.r ***： m.an tum.r size LPD vs OPD（19.8 vs 19.2 m.,P=0.870）. R0 resection was achieved in 9 LPD vs 8 OPD（P=1.000）. The m.an num.er of m.tastatic lym.h nodes and total num.er resected for LPD vs OPD were 1.1 vs 2.1（P=0.140）and 20.7 vs 18.5（P=0.534） respectively. Clavien com.lications grade I/II（5 vs 8）, III/IV（2 vs 6） and pancreatic leak（2 vs 1）were statistically not significant（LPD vs OPD）. The m.an high dependency unit（HDU） stay was longer in OPD（3.7 vs 1.4 days,P〈0.001）. There were 2 recurrences each in LPD and OPD（logrank,P=0.983）. Overall m.rtality for LPD vs OPD was 3 vs 6（log-rank, P=0.283） and recurrence-related m.rtality was 2 vs *** was one death within 30 days in the OPD group secondary to severe sepsis and none in the LPD ***： Com.ared to open procedure, LPD achieved a sim.lar rate of R0 resection, lym.h node harvest and longterm.recurrence for tum.rs less than 2 cm. Though technically challenging, LPD is safe and does not com.rom.se oncological outcom..

关键词： pancreaticoduodenectom. m.nim.lly invasive laparoscopic open oncological outcom.s resection m.rgins pathology

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Role of the gut m.crobiota in inflam.atory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1192-1210页

作者： Georgina L Hold m.gan smith Charlie Grange Euan Robert Watt Em.d m.El-Om.r Indrani m.khopadhya Gastro-intestinal Research Group Division of Applied Medicine University of Aberdeen Foresterhill

Our understanding of the m.crobial involvem.nt in inflam.atory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The developm.nt of newer m.lecular tools for the global assessm.nt of the gut m.crobiom. and the identification of nucleotide-binding oligom.rization dom.in-containing protein 2 in 2001 and other susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease in particular has led to better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of IBD. The m.crobial studies have elaborated the norm.l com.osition of the gut m.crobiom. and its perturbations in the setting of IBD. This altered m.crobiom. or “dysbiosis” is a key player in the protracted course of inflam.ation in IBD. Num.rous genom.-wide association studies have identified further genes involved in gastrointestinal innate im.unity (including polym.rphism. in genes involved in autophagy: ATG16L1 and IGRm., which have helped elucidate the relationship of the local innate im.unity with the adjacent lum.nal bacteria. These developm.nts have also spurred the search for specific pathogens which m.y have a role in the m.tam.rphosis of the gut m.crobiom. from.a sym.iotic entity to a putative pathogenic one. Here we review advances in our understanding of m.crobial involvem.nt in IBD pathogenesis over the past 10 years and offer insight into how this will shape our therapeutic m.nagem.nt of the disease in the com.ng years.

关键词： Inflam.atory bowel disease, Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Gut m.crobiota, Innate im.une response, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Faecal transplant

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Wood Particle-Recycled Glass Fiber Hybrid Com.osites

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Open Journal of Com.osite m.terials 2017年第5期7卷 265-276页

作者： Kayode E. Oluwabunm. Lee m. smith Sheldon Q. Shi Departm.nt of m.chanical and Energy Engineering University of North Texas Denton TX USA

This study was done with the aim.of assessing the feasibility of m.chanically recycled glass fiber particleboards m.de from.(loblolly pine and longleaf pine) wood particles with epoxy as binder. The m.dulus of rupture (m.R) and m.dulus of elasticity (m.E) were evaluated as indicators of m.chanical perform.nce. The water absorption rate and thickness swelling rate were also analyzed to investigate the physical perform.nce of the board. An increase of over 80% in m.E values was obtained for the boards with 10 wt%?glass fiber inclusion. For the m.R values, there was an increase of over 84.4% in both densities and glass fiber inclusions of all the board densities. However, there was a decrease in m.E when 30 wt% glass fibers were?incorporated into boards with density of 500?kg/m.?and 700?kg/m.. A r-squared value of 0.869 supported the obtained result?that the correlation between water absorption rate and thickness swelling rate was a function of the density of the com.osites.

关键词： Particleboard Recycled Glass Fibers Water Absorption Thickness Swelling

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The Role of Big Data and m.chine Learning in the Integration and Im.lem.ntation of Historical,Current,and Continuously Gathered Earth Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第S1期93卷 56-58页

作者： Susan smith NASH Am.rican Association of Petroleum.Geologists TulsaOklahoma 74119

We are faced with m.re challenges than ever with respect to the am.unt,variety,and sheer volum. of earth *** only do we have data of m.ny different ages and origins,we also have a wide variety of data,m.ch of which has just been recently digitized,or is in a form.t that can cannot easily be integrated into algorithm.,georeferenced data.

关键词： Big Data analytics m.chine learning deep learning artificial intelligence

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Biom.ss responses to intraspecific com.etition differ between wild species and CO_(2)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第1期1卷 25-32页

作者： Xianzhong Wang Angela R.Ngigi Daniel L.smith Tam.ra m.m.Peek Departm.nt of Biology Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis723 WestMichigan StreetIndianapolisIN 46202USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Butler University4600 Sunset AvenueIndianapolisIN 46208USA

Aim. How growth of wild and crop species responds to global environm.ntal perturbations has both ecological and agricultural significance in a changing *** prim.ry aim.of this synthesis was to quantitatively assess the interactive effects of intraspecific com.etition and elevated CO_(2) on biom.ss production in herbaceous *** Using m.ta-analytical techniques,we synthesized data from.publications before 2006 that reported biom.ss responses to elevated CO_(2) in 321 herbaceous species grown in isolation or in com.etition with con-specific *** findings Intraspecific com.etition differentially m.dified biom.ss responses to elevated CO_(2) in wild and crop *** exam.le,com.etition reduced CO_(2) stim.lation of total biom.ss(WT)from.27 to 23%in wild species,but by a m.ch greater m.gnitude,i.e.,from.43 to 32%in *** had no effect on responses of either above-(WAG)or below-ground(WBG)biom.ss to elevated CO_(2) in wild species,but significantly dim.nished CO_(2) enhancem.nt of WAG,although not of WBG,in *** variations were found am.ng functional groups in the m.dification of growth responses to elevated CO_(2) by intraspecific com.etition,which exerted greater depression on CO_(2) enhancem.nt in C3 than in C4 species and in non-legum.s than in *** CO_(2) affected leaf and stem.growth of individually grown C3 gram.noids and forbs sim.larly,but increased leaf growth only in C4 gram.noids and stem.growth only in C4 *** from.this synthesis dem.nstrated that intraspecific com.etition differentially affected growth responses to elevated CO_(2) in wild and crop *** wildcrop species differences will have im.ortant im.lications for understanding prim.ry production by herbaceous species in both natural and agricultural ecosystem. in the future when atm.spheric CO_(2) is significantly higher than the current level.

关键词： biom.ss production CO_(2)enrichm.nt functional groups m.ta-analysis

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Dam.ge m.chanism.identification in com.osites via m.chine learning and acoustic em.ssion

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2021年第1期7卷 852-866页

作者： C.m.ir B.Swam.nathan A.S.Alm.nsour K.Sevener C.smith m.Presby J.D.Kiser T.m.Pollock S.Daly m.terials Departm.nt University of California-Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA NASA Glenn Research Center ClevelandOHUSA m.terials Scienceand Engineering Departm.nt University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborMIUSA m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt University of California-Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Dam.ge m.chanism.identification has scientific and practical ram.fications for the structural health m.nitoring,design,and application of com.osite *** advances in m.chine learning uncover pathways to identify the waveform.dam.ge m.chanism.relationship in higher-dim.nsional spaces for a com.rehensive understanding of dam.ge *** review evaluates the state of the field,beginning with a physics-based understanding of acoustic em.ssion waveform.feature extraction,followed by a detailed overview of waveform.clustering,labeling,and error analysis *** requirem.nts for dam.ge m.chanism.identification in any m.chine learning fram.work,including those currently in use,under developm.nt,and yet to be explored,are discussed.

关键词： com.osites com.osite m.chanism

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Laboratory Study on the Rem.val of Fluorine from.High Fluorine Bearing Zinc Oxide Ore

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2005年第5期21卷 767-769页

作者： Yaozhong LAN Liaoyuan YE Rose W.smith m.terials Departm.nt Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China m.tallurgical and m.terials Departm.nt Nevada University of Reno NV89503 Nevada USA

An ever increasing dem.nd for zinc has resulted in worldwide efforts to exploit com.lex and lean grade reserves of zinc oxide ore. In this study experim.nts were done on zinc recovery from.high-fluorine bearing zinc oxide ore. First the effect of different variables on fluorine rem.val was investigated. Optim.m.experim.ntal conditions occurred when the tem.erature was 1173 K, roasting tim. was 90 m.n and air flow was at a velocity of 5 m.m.n, the fluorine rem.val from.the sam.les reached over 93%. The results obtained indicate that fluorine rem.val is not enhanced by adding diluted sulfuric acid or water as a binder. Second the roasted m.terials were leached with a diluted sulfuric acid, neutralized, flocculated and filtrated. The which satisfies the requirem.nt of fluorine residual fluorine content in the leached content in the leached solutions for the solutions was less than 38 m./L production of electrolytic zinc.

关键词： High-fluorine bearing zinc oxide ore Roasting Leaching Zinc recovery

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An HI intensity m.pping survey with a Phased Array Feed

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2021年第2期21卷 41-51页

作者： Lin-Cheng Li Lister Staveley-smith Jonghwan Rhee National Astronom.cal Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronom. and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Centre for Radio Astronom. Research(ICRAR) The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HwyCrawleyWA6009Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics(CAASTRO) Perth6009Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dim.nsions(ASTRO 3D) Perth6009Australia

We report results from.a neutral hydrogen(H I)intensity m.pping survey conducted with a Phased Array Feed(PAF)on the Parkes *** survey was designed to cover 380 deg^(2)over the redshift range 0.3m. of 1.5 Gpc^(3))in four fields covered by the Wiggle Z Dark Energy *** results presented here target a narrow redshift range of 0.73m.lation pipeline was described,with an em.hasis on flagging of RFI and correction for signal loss in the data reduction process,particularly due to the foreground subtraction m.thodology.A cross-correlation signal was detected between the H I intensity m.ps and the Wiggle Z redshift data,with a m.an am.litude of=1.32±0.42 m.K(statistical errors only).A future Parkes cryogenic PAF is expected to detect the cross-correlation signal with higher accuracy than previously possible and allow m.asurem.nt of the cosm.c H I density at redshifts up to unity.

关键词： cosm.logy observation-m.thods statistical-radio lines galaxy

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Stop flow lithography synthesis of non-spherical m.tal oxide particles

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Particuology 2014年第3期12卷 91-97页

作者： David Baah Tobias Donnell Julaunica Tigner Tam.ra Floyd-smith m.terials Science & Engineering Departm.nt Tuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA Chem.cal Engineering Departm.nt Tuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA

Non-spherical m.cron and hand-sized particles and their com.osites have becom. essential in select application areas of optics, wear resistance, personnel protection, chem.cal m.chanical polishing, and biom.dicine. In this paper, the synthesis of com.osite and ceram.c non-spherical particles using stop flow lithography is reported. Precursor suspensions of poly（ethylene glycol） diacrylate, 2-hydroxy- 2-m.thylpropiophenone and SiO2 or Al2O3 are prepared. The precursor suspension flows through a m.crofluidic device m.unted on an upright m.croscope and is polym.rized in an autom.ted process. A photom.sk patterned with transparent geom.tric features, which define the cross-sectional shapes of the particles, m.sks the UV light to synthesize m.cron sized particles. Particles with axial dim.nsions ranging from.35 to 167μm.were synthesized. Control of device channel depth and objective lens m.gnification enables the m.nipulation of the particle size. Com.osite particles in triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, and circular cross sections were synthesized. Subsequently, the transform.tion of the com.osite particles into the corresponding m.tal oxide particles was achieved through polym.r burn-offand sintering.

关键词： m.crofluidics Stop flow lithography Electron m.croscopy

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